Pulmonary intravascular macrophages appear in rats after long-term administration of lipid emulsion and amino acid solution

Apmis ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 106 (7-12) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
JON AKSNES ◽  
TOR J. EIDE ◽  
KENNETH NORDSTRAND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Pulmonary Intravascular Macrophages

Amino Acid Absorption following Intraperitoneal Administration in CAPD Patients

1981 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. Williams ◽  
Errol B. Marliss ◽  
G. Harvey Anderson ◽  
Arie Oren ◽  
Arthur N. Stein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Dialysis Solution ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Osmotic Agent ◽  
Amino Acid Levels

Six non-diabetic CAPD patients were infused over six hours with two litres of a dialysis solution containing 2 g/ dl amino acids (a mixture of essentials and non-essentials). The osmolality of the solution and the amount of ultrafiltration it induced were simiiar to that of a 4.25 g% dextrose Dianeal solution (control), suggesting that an amino acid solution is an efficient osmotic agent. By the end of the six-hour infusion, 80 to 90% of the amino acids present in the dialysis solution had been absorbed. One hour after the infusion was instituted, plasma amino acid levels increased threefold and subsequently decreased to near the initial value by the sixth hour. The amino acid solution was as effective as the dextrose solution in removing urea nitrogen, creatinine and potassium. Our data indicate that intraperitoneal administration of amino acids is effective and well-tolerated in patients on CAPD. We believe further work should be done to determine whether long-term administration of amino acids by this route will improve the nutritional status of these patients and prevent the side effects of daily absorption of large amounts of glucose.

Stability of Cyclosporine in Dextrose 5%, NaCl 0.9%, Dextrose/Amino Acid Solution, and Lipid Emulsion

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard L. McLeod ◽  
Timothy R. McGuire ◽  
Gary C. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Lipid Emulsion ◽  
Marrow Transplant ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Intravenous Access ◽  
Amino Acid Solutions ◽  
The Stability

OBJECTIVE: Because of limited intravenous access in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplant (BMT), we undertook a study to determine the safety of mixing cyclosporine in intravenous preparations commonly administered to BMT patients. DESIGN: In a pilot study, we investigated the stability of intravenous cyclosporine (Sandimmune) in four types of intravenous fluids: dextrose 5%, NaCl 0.9%, dextrose/amino acid solutions, and lipid emulsion. Because the pilot study showed highly variable cyclosporine concentrations that suggested inadequate mixing, we undertook another study to determine the effect of the mixing method on cyclosporine concentrations. OUTCOME MEASURE: Cyclosporine was considered stable in the study solutions if concentrations remained above 90 percent of the initial concentrations. RESULTS: Substantial variation in cyclosporine concentrations was observed in lipid emulsion and dextrose/amino acid solutions and gentle swirling of the solutions was insufficient to adequately disperse the drug. The variation was eliminated by vigorous shaking either before each sampling or once after the initial addition of cyclosporine. We used vigorous shaking methods to establish that cyclosporine is stable for up to 72 hours at room temperature in dextrose 5%, 10% amino acid solution with dextrose 50%, and Liposyn 10%, and up to 8 hours in NaCl 0.9%. CONCLUSIONS: These data may be used to simplify cyclosporine administration in patients who have limited intravenous access.

Modification of An Amino Acid Solution for Peritoneal Dialysis to Reduce Risk of Acidemia

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jones ◽  
Roberto Kalil ◽  
Peter Blake ◽  
Leo Martis ◽  
Dimitrios G. Oreopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Modified Formula

Objective Some patients develop a mild acidemia during treatment with amino acid-based peritoneal dialysis solutions due to hydrogen ion produced by metabolism of lysine, arginine, and methionine. In this study we modified the formulation of such a solution by reducing these amino acids and adding anionic amino acids so as to provide minimal net acid production. Design A modified formula (MF) was compared to a conventional formula (CF) of the solution in a randomized crossover study in 12 stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. Patients were given each solution for 14 days without a wash-out period. Each patient replaced one or two dextrose dialysis exchanges with amino acid solution, depending upon oral protein intake and body weight. Total intake (oral protein plus amino acids absorbed) was equivalent to 1.1 -1.3 g protein/kg body weight/day.Plasma bicarbonate and urea were assessed at the beginning and end of each 14-day period. Results In the group as a whole, without regard to the order in which the solutions were given, patients had a decrease in serum bicarbonate with CF and an increase in bicarbonate when they received MF. Similar trends were observed regardless of the order in which the solutions were administered. Serum urea did not differ between the two solutions. Conclusion The results suggest that patients are less prone to develop acidemia when receiving MF as opposed to CF. Further studies will be necessary to determine the long-term effects and the relative nutritional benefits of the two solutions.

Intravenous Alimentation and Insensible Water Loss in Low-Birth- Weight Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-546
Author(s):  
Keith H. Marks ◽  
Timothy P. Farrell ◽  
Zvi Friedman ◽  
M. Jeffrey Maisels
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Intravenous Fat Emulsion ◽  
Multiple Measurements

Insensible water loss (IWL) was measured in six premature infants, betWeen 4 and 21 days of age, by continuous weight monitoring on an electronic balance inside an incubator. Multiple measurements of IWL were made during the sequential infusion of 10% dextrose in 0.225% NaCl, 10% dextrose-amino acid solution, or 10% dextrose-amino acid and a commercial intravenous fat emulsion. Each solution was administered for three hours by constant infusion through a scalp vein needle. The order of the infusion was random and a 30-to 60-minute infusion with 5% dextrose water was given between each solution. During the infusion of 10% dextrose in 0.225% NaCl and 10% dextrose + amino acid solution, IWL was 1.0 ± 0.8 gm/kg/ hr and 1.1 ± 0.8 gm/kg/hr, respectively. In contrast, IWL increased significantly to 1.6 ± 0.7 gni/kg/hr when additional calories were given using the 10% dextrose-amino acid with the intravenous fat emulsion (P < .005). There was a positive correlation between caloric intake and IWL. These data suggest that parenteral nutrition solutions with intravenous fat emulsion are rapidly metabolized and the increase in IWL is probably secondary to an increase in thermogenesis.

Effect of Balanced Amino Acid Solution on Protein Metabolism after Surgery

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-103
Author(s):  
J. Figueras ◽  
E. Ramos ◽  
J.M. Llop ◽  
N. San-Juan ◽  
J. Marti
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Amino Acid Solution

Effects of plasma amino acid and hormone levels on renal hemodynamics in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. F444-F449 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Castellino ◽  
C. Giordano ◽  
A. Perna ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Time Sequence ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Amino Acid Solution ◽  
Hormone Levels

The effect of plasma amino acid and hormone (insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone) levels on renal hemodynamics was studied in 18 healthy subjects. The following four protocols were employed: study 1, a balanced amino acid solution was infused for 3 h to increase plasma amino acid concentrations two to three times base line; study 2, the same amino acid solution was infused with somatostatin (SRIF) and infusions of insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone were concomitantly administered to replace the time sequence of increase in peripheral concentrations of these hormones as observed during study 1; study 3, the same amino acid infusion was administered with SRIF plus infusions of insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone to maintain plasma hormone concentrations constant at the basal level; study 4, SRIF was infused with insulin, glucagon, and growth hormone to reproduce the time sequence of increase of these hormones as observed in study 1; amino acids were not infused in this study. During study 1, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) rose by 19 and 21%, respectively. During study 2 both the time sequence of and magnitude of rise in GFR and in RPF were similar to the changes observed during study 1. In studies 3 and 4 neither RPF nor GFR changed significantly from base line. These results indicate that 1) hyperaminoacidemia stimulates insulin/glucagon/growth hormone secretion and causes a modest rise in GFR and RPF; and 2) if hyperaminoacidemia is created while maintaining basal hormone levels constant or if plasma insulin/glucagon/growth hormone levels are increased while maintaining the plasma amino acid concentration at basal levels, neither RPF nor GFR rise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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