Selection for high and low thiocyanate ion content in kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

1990 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. BRADSHAW ◽  
D. W. GRIFFITHS
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Thiocyanate Ion ◽  
Selection For

scholarly journals Genetic Variances and Selection Potential for Selenium Accumulation in a Rapid-cycling Brassica oleracea Population

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dean A. Kopsell ◽  
William M. Randle
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Rapid Cycling ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Genetic Variances ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Selenium Accumulation ◽  
Simultaneous Evaluation ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Selection For

Beneficial effects of selenium (Se) can be delivered to humans through enriched plant foods. Plants in the Brassicaceae are good sources of sulfur (S) and can be enriched with Se. Breeding plants to be more efficient at Se accumulation may complement enrichment efforts. Because Se and S are chemically similar and can compete in plant metabolic pathways, S levels must be considered when attempting to manipulate Se, and vice versa. The objectives of this study were to establish genetic variances for S and Se accumulation, and to determine if simple recurrent selection could be used to manipulate Se accumulation in a rapid-cycling (Brassica oleracea L.) population. Progeny from a North Carolina Design II mating scheme were grown in two seleniferous environments and expressed variability for Se and S accumulation. Narrow sense heritability estimates for Se and S accumulation were moderate (0.55 to 0.75), which suggested progress was possible. However, standard errors were large and may influence expected progress during improvement efforts. Plants of a rapid-cycling B. oleracea were also subjected to two cycles of divergent selection for Se accumulation in leaf tissues. Realized heritabilities were high during selection for both high and low Se accumulation. Simultaneous evaluation of all populations revealed actual gains from selection to be 4.8% and 4.0% per selection cycle for high and low Se accumulation, respectively. Predicted gains for Se accumulation in the plants were 6.8%. Selection for Se accumulation was successful and indicates population improvements for such traits are possible within the B. oleracea analyzed. Breeding plants that are more efficient at accumulating Se could be a useful tool towards Se enrichment.

scholarly journals Agronomic and Metabolomic Side-Effects of a Divergent Selection for Indol-3-Ylmethylglucosinolate Content in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Jorge Poveda ◽  
Pablo Velasco ◽  
Antonio de Haro ◽  
Tor J. Johansen ◽  
Alex C. McAlvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Selection For

Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) is a cruciferous vegetable widely cultivated for its leaves and flower buds in Europe and a food of global interest as a “superfood”. Brassica crops accumulate phytochemicals called glucosinolates (GSLs) which play an important role in plant defense against biotic stresses. Studies carried out to date suggest that GSLs may have a role in the adaptation of plants to different environments, but direct evidence is lacking. We grew two kale populations divergently selected for high and low indol-3-ylmethylGSL (IM) content (H-IM and L-IM, respectively) in different environments and analyzed agronomic parameters, GSL profiles and metabolomic profile. We found a significant increase in fresh and dry foliar weight in H-IM kale populations compared to L-IM in addition to a greater accumulation of total GSLs, indole GSLs and, specifically, IM and 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylGSL (1MeOIM). Metabolomic analysis revealed a significant different concentration of 44 metabolites in H-IM kale populations compared to L-IM. According to tentative peak identification from MS interpretation, 80% were phenolics, including flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin and anthocyanin derivates, including acyl flavonoids), chlorogenic acids (esters of hydroxycinnamic acids and quinic acid), hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid) and coumarins. H-IM kale populations could be more tolerant to diverse environmental conditions, possibly due to GSLs and the associated metabolites with predicted antioxidant potential.

INHERITANCE OF GOITRIN, VOLATILE ISOTHIOCYANATES AND THIOCYANATE ION IN CABBAGE (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. capitata L.)

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. CHIANG ◽  
R. CRETE ◽  
CALVIN CHONG ◽  
G. CHEVRIER
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Maternal Effect ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
The Other ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Thiocyanate Ion ◽  
Brassica Oleracea L ◽  
Six Genes

The inheritance of the three glucosinolate components, goitrin, volatile isothiocyanates and thiocyanate ion, was studied in cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. ssp. capitata L.) plants obtained from various crosses between two moderate inbred lines, one selected for low, the other for high goitrin content. While all three glucosinolate components showed a strong heterosis towards lower concentrations, maternal effect in inheritance was observed for goitrin only. Inheritance of both goitrin and volatile isothiocyanates was controlled by four to six genes, whereas three to five genes were involved in thiocyanate ion. Estimates of broad-sense heritability were 35% for goitrin, 39% for volatile isothiocyanates and 80% for thiocyanate ion. Evidence suggests that some of the genes controlling inheritance of goitrin and volatile isothiocyanates are linked.Key words: Glucosinolate, cabbage, glucosinolate inheritance, Brassica

The construction of a substitution library of recombinant backcross lines in Brassica oleracea for the precision mapping of quantitative trait loci

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 558-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Ramsay ◽  
D. E. Jennings ◽  
M. J. Kearsey ◽  
D. F. Marshall ◽  
E. J. R. Bohuon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Donor Chromosome ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Very High

The currently available methods for locating quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and measuring their effects in segregating populations lack precision unless individual QTLs have very high heritabilities. The use of recombinant backcross lines containing short regions of donor chromosome introgressed into a constant recipient background permits QTLs to be located with greater precision. The present paper describes the use of molecular markers to introgress defined short regions of chromosome from a donor doubled haploid calabrese line of Brassica oleracea (var. italica) into a recipient short generation variety (Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra). We demonstrate that in just two or three generations of backcrossing, combined with selection for mapped molecular markers, the generation of a library of recombinant backcross lines is feasible. The possible use and refinement of these lines are discussed. Key words : backcrossing, Brassica oleracea, introgression, molecular markers, near-isogenic lines, QTL mapping, recombinant backcross lines, substitution lines.

scholarly journals Selection for Resistance to Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella) in Cabbage

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 1643-1646 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Dickson ◽  
A.M. Shelton ◽  
S.D. Eigenbrode ◽  
Margaret L. Vamosy ◽  
Marvin Mora
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Normal Leaf ◽  
Selection For

Inbreds and hybrid cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) selected for resistance to diamondback moth (DBM, Plutella xylostella L.) were tested in the field in New York and Honduras for resistance. In New York, plants were inocrdated with up to 400 eggs per plant to enhance the severity of the tests. In Honduras, where natural populations of DBM were high, especially in the dry season, there were three distinct classes of susceptibility to DBM: the very susceptible controls or standard cultivars, the highly resistant glossy-leaved lines, and the intermediate selections with normal leaf bloom. Some normal-leaf hybrids were more resistant than either of their parents, which indicates the need to select for specific combining ability for high resistance levels. At maturity, the glossy-leaved hybrids produced marketable crops with: out aid of chemical sprays.

Framework for Selecting Vocabulary for Preliterate Children Who Use Augmentative and Alternative Communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 1000-1009
Author(s):  
Allison Bean ◽  
Lindsey Paden Cargill ◽  
Samantha Lyle
Keyword(s):  
Language Impairment ◽  
Augmentative And Alternative Communication ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
School Based ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Nonverbal Children ◽  
Grammatical Structures ◽  
Insufficient Knowledge

Purpose Nearly 50% of school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) provide services to school-age children who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). However, many SLPs report having insufficient knowledge in the area of AAC implementation. The objective of this tutorial is to provide clinicians with a framework for supporting 1 area of AAC implementation: vocabulary selection for preliterate children who use AAC. Method This tutorial focuses on 4 variables that clinicians should consider when selecting vocabulary: (a) contexts/environments where the vocabulary can be used, (b) time span during which the vocabulary will be relevant, (c) whether the vocabulary can elicit and maintain interactions with other people, and (d) whether the vocabulary will facilitate developmentally appropriate grammatical structures. This tutorial focuses on the role that these variables play in language development in verbal children with typical development, verbal children with language impairment, and nonverbal children who use AAC. Results Use of the 4 variables highlighted above may help practicing SLPs select vocabulary that will best facilitate language acquisition in preliterate children who use AAC.

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