scholarly journals Agronomic and Metabolomic Side-Effects of a Divergent Selection for Indol-3-Ylmethylglucosinolate Content in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. acephala)

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Jorge Poveda ◽  
Pablo Velasco ◽  
Antonio de Haro ◽  
Tor J. Johansen ◽  
Alex C. McAlvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Cruciferous Vegetable ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Selection For

Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale) is a cruciferous vegetable widely cultivated for its leaves and flower buds in Europe and a food of global interest as a “superfood”. Brassica crops accumulate phytochemicals called glucosinolates (GSLs) which play an important role in plant defense against biotic stresses. Studies carried out to date suggest that GSLs may have a role in the adaptation of plants to different environments, but direct evidence is lacking. We grew two kale populations divergently selected for high and low indol-3-ylmethylGSL (IM) content (H-IM and L-IM, respectively) in different environments and analyzed agronomic parameters, GSL profiles and metabolomic profile. We found a significant increase in fresh and dry foliar weight in H-IM kale populations compared to L-IM in addition to a greater accumulation of total GSLs, indole GSLs and, specifically, IM and 1-methoxyindol-3-ylmethylGSL (1MeOIM). Metabolomic analysis revealed a significant different concentration of 44 metabolites in H-IM kale populations compared to L-IM. According to tentative peak identification from MS interpretation, 80% were phenolics, including flavonoids (kaempferol, quercetin and anthocyanin derivates, including acyl flavonoids), chlorogenic acids (esters of hydroxycinnamic acids and quinic acid), hydroxycinnamic acids (ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid) and coumarins. H-IM kale populations could be more tolerant to diverse environmental conditions, possibly due to GSLs and the associated metabolites with predicted antioxidant potential.

Studies of a Quinyl-p-coumarate in the Pineapple Plant (Ananas comosus var. cayenne)

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK Sutherland ◽  
WA Gortner
Keyword(s):  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Spectral Characteristics ◽  
Periodate Oxidation ◽  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Ananas Comosus ◽  
Acid Oxidase ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid Oxidase ◽  
Acid Lactone ◽  
Mild Hydrolysis

An ester is found in small concentrations in vegetative pineapple plants, with spectral characteristics in the ultraviolet of an ester of p-coumaric acid. p-Coumaric acid is obtained after hydrolysis, and the remaining aqueous hydrolysate indicates the presence of quinic acid lactone on chromatograms. On the basis of neutral equivalent determinations, boric acid conductivity and periodate oxidation experiments, and analyses following mild hydrolysis, the structure of the ester is suggested to be a quinyl-di-p-coumarate. It serves in the plant as a cofactor for pineapple indoleacetic acid oxidase.

Acidic Growth Inhibitors From Peach Buds

1975 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Altree-Williams ◽  
MEH Howden ◽  
JT Keegan ◽  
HDR Malcolm ◽  
SG Wyllie
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Wheat Coleoptile ◽  
Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Plant Growth Inhibitors ◽  
Resolution Mass

Plant growth inhibitors identified in acidic extracts of flower buds from mature peach trees were p-coumaric acid, feruIic acid, an isomeric hydroxymethoxycinnamic acid, a dihydroxycinnamic acid having the properties of 3,5-dihydroxycinnamic acid, and benzoic acid. The inhibitors were isolated by preparative gas-liquid chromatography, tested for growth activity on the wheat coleoptile straight-growth bioassay, and identified by high-resolution mass spectrometry.

A STUDY OF ERUCIC ACID ALLELES IN DIGENOMIC RAPESEED (Brassica napus L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. ANAND ◽  
R. K. DOWNEY
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Erucic Acid ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
Fatty Acid Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Brassica Crops

Five genes have been identified in Brassica crops which control the level of synthesis of the fatty acid, erucic, in their seed oils. These genes, designated e, Ea, Eb, Ec, and Ed, act in an additive manner and result in erucic acid levels of < 1, 10, 15, 30 and 3.5, respectively. No direct evidence has yet been obtained to show that these genes are true alleles. Selected plants of the amphidiploid species Brassica napus L. with erucic acid contents of 7–8% and a genotype of EdEdee were reciprocally crossed with selected plants with erucic acid levels of [Formula: see text] and a genotype of Eaeee. Fatty acid analysis of F1 and backcross seed demonstrated that the genes Ed and Ea in the parents used were in the same genome and were truly allelic. Interspecific crosses were made between these B. napus parents and selected zero erucic acid plants of Brassica campestris L. (genotype "ee") to determine whether the genes Ed and Ea resided in the oleracea or the campestris genome of B. napus parents. Fatty acid analysis of F1 and backcross seed from these interspecific crosses suggest that the alleles of Ed and Ea are located on chromosomes of the oleracea genome.

Quinic acid esters of hydroxycinnamic acids in stone and pome fruit

1983 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 477-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Möller ◽  
Karl Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Quinic Acid ◽  
Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Acid Esters

scholarly journals Utility of BoCAL-a and BoAP1-a Genotypes in Identifying Broccoli and Cauliflower Accessions

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 773C-773
Author(s):  
Joanne A. Labate ◽  
Larry D. Robertson ◽  
Thomas Bjorkman*
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Intermediate Phenotype ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Stable Intermediate ◽  
Floral Differentiation ◽  
Combined Genotypes ◽  
Botanical Varieties

Broccoli and cauliflower are different botanical varieties of Brassica oleracea. Mutant alleles at the loci BoCAL and BoAP1 can cause arrest at curding that is characteristic of cauliflower. These genes control early floral differentiation, necessary for the progression from a cauliflower-like inflorescence to the flower buds of broccoli. To what extent is the cauliflower-to-broccoli variation within the USDA-PGRU collection determined by mutant alleles of these genes? We surveyed the broccoli collection to examine the correlation between genotype and phenotype. Earlier work showed that BoCAL alone was not an effective predictor of cauliflower phenotype in this collection. The redundant function of BoCAL and BoAP1 in determining inflorescence arrest raises the possibilty that the combined genotype can explain the phenotypic variation. We found that not to be the case. Two accessions varied in phenotype and segregated at both loci, but the combined genotypes were not associated with the expected phenotypes. Two additional accesssion varied in phenotype and segregated at one locus, but with no association between genotype and phenotype. One line varying widely in phenotype was fixed for both loci. One line that was a stable intermediate phenotype segregated for BoCAL. A commercial broccoli cultivar had the cauliflower allele at both loci. The genetic basis of the cauliflower phenotype in the USDA B. oleracea collection is due more to alleles of genes affecting the expression of BoAP1 adn BoCAL than to variation in these alleles of the genes themselves.

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