Vector activity of Hyalesthes obsoletus living on nettles and transmitting a stolbur phytoplasma to grapevines: a case study

'Candidates Phytoplasma solani', known by its trivial name stolbur phytoplasma, is a plant pathogen infecting numerous crops in Serbia. Celery plants with prominent leaf yellowing and chlorosis, sporadically with tissue necrosis, were observed during August 2020 in Futog, situated in Novi Sad suburbia in Vojvodina. Total of 12 sampled celery plants, 8 symptomatic and 4 asymptomatic ones, were analysed for 'Ca. P. solani' presence. All symptomatic celery plants were infected with stolbur phytoplasma according to the stoll 1 gene detection and therefore were further subjected to multigene molecular characterization on three genes: tuf, stamp and vmpl. Combining molecular tools PCR/RFLP and sequencing reviled two 'Ca. P. solani' multilocus genotypes in celery: tuf-b/Rqg31/V14 and tuf-b/ Rpm35/V14, present in 4 samples each. Obtained results of the strain genotyping are in concordance with previous data on the 'Ca. P. solani' diversity on celery, but supplemented with genotyping of the vmpl gene. Outbreak of stolbur phytoplasma in the assessed locality in Futog is linked to tuf-b epidemiological cycle correlated in Serbia mainly with weed Convolvulus arvensis which was present in the subjected celery plot, and could have been the phytoplasma inoculum source. Visual evaluation of the symptom occurrence suggests on 10-15% of 'Ca. P. solani' affected celery plants scattered throughout the plot corresponding to the pathogen dispersal in crop by cixiid planthoper Hyalesthes obsoletus (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) associated with C. arvensis, main vector of stolbur phytoplasma in Serbia.

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Widespread plant specialization in the polyphagous planthopper Hyalesthes obsoletus (Cixiidae), a major vector of stolbur phytoplasma: Evidence of cryptic speciation

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0196969 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. e0196969 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Andrea Kosovac ◽

Jes Johannesen ◽

Oliver Krstić ◽

Milana Mitrović ◽

Tatjana Cvrković ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cryptic Speciation ◽

Stolbur Phytoplasma ◽

Hyalesthes Obsoletus

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First report of potato stolbur phytoplasma in hemipterans in southern Moravia − Short Communication

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/2253-pps ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 73-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Březíková ◽

Š. Linhartová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Short Communication ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Vector Species ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

First Occurrence ◽

Pcr Method ◽

Southern Moravia ◽

Stolbur Phytoplasma ◽

Hyalesthes Obsoletus

In 2005, the first screening tests to confirm the presence of potato stolbur phytoplasma in hemipterans by the PCR method were carried out to determine the spectrum of possible vector species for further analyses. Potato stolbur phytoplasma was confirmed in two out of five tested individuals of Hyalesthes obsoletus and in one mixed sample (10 individuals) from 17 tested samples of Lygus spp. As far as we know this is the first occurrence of potato stolbur phytoplasma in Hyalesthes obsoletus and Lygus spp. confirmed by the PCR method in the Czech Republic.

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Proposal of A New Bois Noir Epidemiological Pattern Related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani’ Strains Characterized by A Possible Moderate Virulence in Tuscany

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9040268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 268 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roberto Pierro ◽

Alessandra Panattoni ◽

Alessandro Passera ◽

Alberto Materazzi ◽

Andrea Luvisi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Host Plants ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Relative Concentration ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

Sequence Variant ◽

Bois Noir ◽

Epidemiological Pattern ◽

Strain Type ◽

Hyalesthes Obsoletus

Bois noir (BN), associated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma solani’ (CaPsol), is the most widespread disease of the grapevine yellows complex worldwide. In this work, BN epidemiology was investigated in a case study vineyard where an unusual CaPsol strain, previously detected only in other host plants, was found to be prevalent in grapevine. Experimental activities included: symptom observation; sampling of symptomatic vines, Auchenorrhyncha specimens, and weeds; molecular detection and typing of CaPsol strains; statistical analyses for determining possible relationships between CaPsol relative concentration, strain type, and symptom severity. Among insects, Reptalus quinquecostatus was the most abundant and was found to be highly infected by CaPsol, while Hyalesthes obsoletus, the main CaPsol vector, was not caught. Moreover, R. quinquecostatus harbored CaPsol strains carrying uniquely the stamp sequence variant St10, also identified as prevalent in vines and in the majority of weeds, and all the secY variants identified in the vineyard. Statistical analyses revealed that CaPsol strains carrying the St10 variant are not associated with severe symptoms, suggesting their possible moderate virulence. Based on such evidence, a new BN epidemiological pattern related to these CaPsol strains and involving grapevine, R. quinquecostatus, and/or weeds is proposed. Furthermore, the possible presence of other players (vectors and weeds) involved in CaPsol transmission to grapevines was highlighted.

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The Genesis and Internal Dynamics of El Salvador's People's Revolutionary Army, 1970–1976

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x13009850 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 (01) ◽

pp. 102-129

Author(s):

ALBERTO MARTÍN ÁLVAREZ ◽

EUDALD CORTINA ORERO

Keyword(s):

Latin America ◽

El Salvador ◽

Early Years ◽

Left Wing ◽

Internal Dynamics ◽

Internal Coherence ◽

The 1960S

AbstractUsing interviews with former militants and previously unpublished documents, this article traces the genesis and internal dynamics of the Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo (People's Revolutionary Army, ERP) in El Salvador during the early years of its existence (1970–6). This period was marked by the inability of the ERP to maintain internal coherence or any consensus on revolutionary strategy, which led to a series of splits and internal fights over control of the organisation. The evidence marshalled in this case study sheds new light on the origins of the armed Salvadorean Left and thus contributes to a wider understanding of the processes of formation and internal dynamics of armed left-wing groups that emerged from the 1960s onwards in Latin America.

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Culture and the plasticity of perception

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19002887 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Michael Lifshitz ◽

T. M. Luhrmann

Keyword(s):

Cultural Context ◽

Sensory Experience ◽

Cultural Learning ◽

The World

Abstract Culture shapes our basic sensory experience of the world. This is particularly striking in the study of religion and psychosis, where we and others have shown that cultural context determines both the structure and content of hallucination-like events. The cultural shaping of hallucinations may provide a rich case-study for linking cultural learning with emerging prediction-based models of perception.

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Dual systems for all: Higher-order, role-based relational reasoning as a uniquely derived feature of human cognition

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000451 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel J. Povinelli ◽

Gabrielle C. Glorioso ◽

Shannon L. Kuznar ◽

Mateja Pavlic

Keyword(s):

Temporal Reasoning ◽

Higher Order ◽

Important Case ◽

Human Cognition ◽

Relational Reasoning ◽

Dual Systems ◽

First Order ◽

Reasoning System ◽

Role Based

Abstract Hoerl and McCormack demonstrate that although animals possess a sophisticated temporal updating system, there is no evidence that they also possess a temporal reasoning system. This important case study is directly related to the broader claim that although animals are manifestly capable of first-order (perceptually-based) relational reasoning, they lack the capacity for higher-order, role-based relational reasoning. We argue this distinction applies to all domains of cognition.

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Sociocultural memory development research drives new directions in gadgetry science

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000979 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Penny Van Bergen ◽

John Sutton

Keyword(s):

Episodic Memory ◽

Autobiographical Memory ◽

Developmental Psychology ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Memory Development ◽

Development Research ◽

Cultural Research ◽

New Directions ◽

Cross Cultural Research

Abstract Sociocultural developmental psychology can drive new directions in gadgetry science. We use autobiographical memory, a compound capacity incorporating episodic memory, as a case study. Autobiographical memory emerges late in development, supported by interactions with parents. Intervention research highlights the causal influence of these interactions, whereas cross-cultural research demonstrates culturally determined diversity. Different patterns of inheritance are discussed.

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