Administrative Developments: Celera Genomics to Complete DNA Map

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Jennifer Doran
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Craig Venter ◽  
Congressional Committee ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
The Creation

On April 6, 2000, Dr. J. Craig Venter of Celera Genomics told a Congressional committee that his company finished its analysis of the human DNA and would have a completed map of the human genome by early summer, 2000. Scientists expect the completed human genome to revolutionize drug therapies through the creation of treatments tailored to specific genetic makeups. In order to create a map of the human genome, three billion letters of DNA that encode eighty thousand genes must be identified and ordered. In March, 2000, Celera released a successful sequence of the fruit fly genome, and it employed the same methods in creating the human genome.

Creation of Cultures Containing Mutations Linked with Cardiovascular Diseases using Transfection and Genome Editing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita A. Sazonova ◽  
Anastasia I. Ryzhkova ◽  
Vasily V. Sinyov ◽  
Marina D. Sazonova ◽  
Zukhra B. Khasanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Gene Gun ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Transfection Method ◽  
The Creation

Objective: In this review article, we analyzed the literature on the creation of cultures containing mutations associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome. Methods: We described different methods of transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome, used in the literature. Results: We reviewed the researches in which the creation of сell cultures containing mutations was described. According to the literature, system CRISPR/Cas9 proved to be the most preferred method for editing the genome. We found rather promising and interesting a practically undeveloped direction of mitochondria transfection using a gene gun. Such a gun can direct a genetically-engineered construct containing human DNA mutations to the mitochondria using heavy metal particles. However, in human molecular genetics, the transfection method using a gene gun is unfairly forgotten and is almost never used. : Ethical problems arising from editing the human genome were also discussed in our review. We came to a conclusion that it is impossible to stop scientific and technical progress. It is important that the editing of the genome takes place under the strict control of society and does not bear dangerous consequences for humanity. To achieve this, the constant interaction of science with society, culture and business is necessary. Conclusion: he most promising methods for the creation of cell cultures containing mutations linked with cardiovascular diseases, were system CRISPR/Cas9 and the gene gun.

The role of soil temperature and seed dormancy in the creation and maintenance of persistent seed banks of Nassella trichotoma (serrated tussock) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Annemieke Ruttledge ◽  
Ralph D. B. Whalley ◽  
Gregory Falzon ◽  
David Backhouse ◽  
Brian M. Sindel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
New South ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Persistent Soil Seed Bank

A large and persistent soil seed bank characterises many important grass weeds, including Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arechav. (serrated tussock), a major weed in Australia and other countries. In the present study we examined the effects of constant and alternating temperatures in regulating primary and secondary dormancy and the creation and maintenance of its soil seed bank in northern NSW, Australia. One-month-old seeds were stored at 4, 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C, in a laboratory, and germination tests were conducted every two weeks. Few seeds germinated following storage at 4°C, compared with seeds stored at 25°C, 40/10°C and 40°C. Nylon bags containing freshly harvested seeds were buried among N. trichotoma stands in early summer, and germination tests conducted following exhumation after each season over the next 12 months. Seeds buried over summer and summer plus autumn had higher germination than seeds buried over summer plus autumn plus winter, but germination increased again in the subsequent spring. Seeds stored for zero, three, six and 12 months at laboratory temperatures were placed on a thermogradient plate with 81 temperature combinations, followed by incubation at constant 25°C of un-germinated seeds. Constant high or low temperatures prolonged primary dormancy or induced secondary dormancy whereas alternating temperatures tended to break dormancy. Few temperature combinations resulted in more than 80% germination.

The Cornerstones for a Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings laid down in the European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Theoretical Possibility ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The Creation

AbstractThe recent debate on the theoretical possibility of cloning human beings is urging society to develope a global legal barrier in order to prohibit the use of this technique on humans. Some national legislation, e.g. Germany, already bans the cloning of human beings. The European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine contains three articles which together form the cornerstones for a prohibition of cloning: Article 1 guarantees the identity of human beings, Article 18.2 explicitly prohibits the creation of human embryos for research purposes and Article 13 contains a prohibition on the modification of the genome of any decendants. The prohibition of cloning human beings in the Protocol on Embryo Protection foreseen by the Council of Europe seems a necessary consequence. Furthermore, the forthcoming UNESCO Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights should contain such an explicit prohibition.

Personal Medicine

2030 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger van Santen ◽  
Djan Khoe ◽  
Bram Vermeer
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Craig Venter ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Personal Medicine ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Genetically Determined ◽  
Moon Landing ◽  
Hereditary Condition ◽  
The U.S

No two individuals are alike. Some people are genetically predisposed to develop asthma, whereas others can cheerfully live a hundred meters from a major highway with no adverse effects. Genetic predisposition also plays an important part in the efficacy of drugs and in the progress of diseases like cancer, heart failure, and diabetes. Individual differences make doctors’ work more difficult. They can never be sure precisely how susceptible a person is to a specific disease or how effective a particular medicine will be. We can measure all sorts of things, but what do we have to know before we can accurately predict whether a given person will fall ill? Part of the answer is hidden in our genome: Inherited defects and sensitivity to medication show up in our DNA. The map of the human genome was colored in at record speed at the beginning of this century by two rival research teams, which ended up publishing their results simultaneously in 2001. Their achievement was compared with the first moon landing and the invention of the wheel. One of the competing groups was headed by American Craig Venter, who continues to spread the DNA gospel enthusiastically. Initially, Venter was part of the U.S. government–sponsored Human Genome Project, but he left the group. He founded a private company to create a database of genomic data. Venter characteristically mapped his own DNA, revealing that he bears a heightened risk of alcoholism, coronary artery disease, obesity, Alzheimer’s disease, antisocial behavior, and conduct disorder. Unfazed, he enthusiastically published his complete genome on the Internet. “A lot of people are scared to have their DNA examined,” he says. “They think all their inner secrets will be revealed. Even medical students are wary about supplying their DNA. But the course of our lives isn’t genetically determined, apart from exceptional cases where life expectancy is reduced by a serious hereditary condition.” Most people aren’t aware of the subtle mechanisms of genetics, he adds. “People think like 1980s scientists. Possibilities for analyzing DNA were limited back then.

scholarly journals Variable breakpoints on the Philadelphia chromosome in chronic myelogenous leukemia

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Leibowitz ◽  
K Schaefer-Rego ◽  
DW Popenoe ◽  
JG Mears ◽  
A Bank
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Southern Blotting ◽  
Philadelphia Chromosome ◽  
Dna Probes ◽  
Chromosome 9 ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Chromosome 22 ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Translocation Breakpoints ◽  
The Creation

Abstract The abl oncogene is translocated from chromosome 9 to 22 in the creation of the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome. This article describes new translocation breakpoints identified in two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia using Southern blotting and cloned human DNA probes from chromosome 9. The translocation breakpoints on chromosome 9 in both of these patients lie closer to the human cellular abl (c-abl) gene, and the chromosome 22 breakpoints are distributed more widely than previously reported. These data help to define more clearly the chromosomal span of the breakpoints and indicate that some translocations include very little chromosome 9 sequence located 5′ to the c-abl gene.

scholarly journals Venter, J. Craig (1946–)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cobi Alison Smith
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Craig Venter ◽  
Synthetic Life

J. Craig Venter is an entrepreneurial scientist who has made international headlines for his work sequencing the human genome, discovering new microorganisms and genes in the ocean, and, more recently, engineering synthetic life. Patents on his discoveries caused international concern and speculation about intellectual property rights relating to DNA.

scholarly journals Las comisiones de investigación en el ámbito municipal

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estrella Fernández Díez
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Democratic Institutions ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Commissions Of Inquiry ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Specific Regulation

En los últimos años, al tiempo que se han ido consolidando las instituciones democráticas, hemos podido asistir al fenómeno de la creación de comisiones de investigación por parte de los ayuntamientos, en clara imitación del uso que de tales instrumentos se hace tanto por las Cortes Generales como por las asambleas legislativas de las diferentes comunidades autónomas.
 La falta de regulación expresa de las comisiones de investigación en la normativa sobre régimen local y su escaso desarrollo en aquellos reglamentos orgánicos municipales que las han recogido, aboca a que su análisis pase por el estudio de esos órganos en el seno de los de naturaleza parlamentaria, estatales –Congreso y Senado- y autonómicos, y a su necesaria contextualización en el régimen municipal. During the last few years, while democratic institutions have consolidated, we have been able to witness the creation of commissions of inquiry by the municipalities, in clear imitation of the use that the Parliament, as well as the legislative assemblies from the different Autonomous Communities, makes of this kind of institutions. The clear lack of a specific regulation for commissions of inquiry in the legislations of local government, and its poorly development in the municipal organic rules where they figure, entails that its analysis may go through the study of these bodies within the parliamentary nature, state –Congress and Senate– and autonomic, and that it is necessary its proper contextualization in the municipal regime.

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