Creation of Cultures Containing Mutations Linked with Cardiovascular Diseases using Transfection and Genome Editing

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 693-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita A. Sazonova ◽  
Anastasia I. Ryzhkova ◽  
Vasily V. Sinyov ◽  
Marina D. Sazonova ◽  
Zukhra B. Khasanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Gene Gun ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Dna Mutations ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
Transfection Method ◽  
The Creation

Objective: In this review article, we analyzed the literature on the creation of cultures containing mutations associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) using transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome. Methods: We described different methods of transfection, transduction and editing of the human genome, used in the literature. Results: We reviewed the researches in which the creation of сell cultures containing mutations was described. According to the literature, system CRISPR/Cas9 proved to be the most preferred method for editing the genome. We found rather promising and interesting a practically undeveloped direction of mitochondria transfection using a gene gun. Such a gun can direct a genetically-engineered construct containing human DNA mutations to the mitochondria using heavy metal particles. However, in human molecular genetics, the transfection method using a gene gun is unfairly forgotten and is almost never used. : Ethical problems arising from editing the human genome were also discussed in our review. We came to a conclusion that it is impossible to stop scientific and technical progress. It is important that the editing of the genome takes place under the strict control of society and does not bear dangerous consequences for humanity. To achieve this, the constant interaction of science with society, culture and business is necessary. Conclusion: he most promising methods for the creation of cell cultures containing mutations linked with cardiovascular diseases, were system CRISPR/Cas9 and the gene gun.

Administrative Developments: Celera Genomics to Complete DNA Map

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Jennifer Doran
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Craig Venter ◽  
Congressional Committee ◽  
Its Analysis ◽  
Human Dna ◽  
The Creation

On April 6, 2000, Dr. J. Craig Venter of Celera Genomics told a Congressional committee that his company finished its analysis of the human DNA and would have a completed map of the human genome by early summer, 2000. Scientists expect the completed human genome to revolutionize drug therapies through the creation of treatments tailored to specific genetic makeups. In order to create a map of the human genome, three billion letters of DNA that encode eighty thousand genes must be identified and ordered. In March, 2000, Celera released a successful sequence of the fruit fly genome, and it employed the same methods in creating the human genome.

scholarly journals Biosemiotics, Bioinformatics, and Responsibility: Ambivalent Consequences of the Deciphering of the Human Genome for Society and Science

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski ◽  
Hans-Alfred Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
German Society ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Human Genome Project

Deciphering the Human Genome is one of the greatest achievements of modern science. The genetic code shows the importance of semiotics in our understanding of evolution. Biosemiotics as the study of signs, communication and information in living organisms has very much in common with Bioinformatics. Biology, Bioinformatics, and Bio-semiotics meet, but with ambivalent effects on science and society. In the paper we discuss the scientific and social implications, as well as a number of ethical problems. For instance, does the fertilized egg have the right to human dignity? Should pre-implantation diagnostics remain absolutely prohibited in the German society, while abortion of a twelve-week old fetus after counseling is allowed? What are the genetically engineered interventions that make sense from the few point of medicine, and what are those that should be fundamentally rejected? Furthermore, the possibility is being discussed that the human genome project and the considerations accompanying it may eventually initiate new varieties of eugenics and racism (Fuchs-Kittowski, Rosenthal, Rosenthal 2005).

scholarly journals Biosemiotics, Bioinformatics, and Responsibility: Ambivalent Consequences of the Deciphering of the Human Genome for Society and Science

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski ◽  
Hans-Alfred Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Human Genome ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
German Society ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Human Genome Project

Deciphering the Human Genome is one of the greatest achievements of modern science. The genetic code shows the importance of semiotics in our understanding of evolution. Biosemiotics as the study of signs, communication and information in living organisms has very much in common with Bioinformatics. Biology, Bioinformatics, and Bio-semiotics meet, but with ambivalent effects on science and society. In the paper we discuss the scientific and social implications, as well as a number of ethical problems. For instance, does the fertilized egg have the right to human dignity? Should pre-implantation diagnostics remain absolutely prohibited in the German society, while abortion of a twelve-week old fetus after counseling is allowed? What are the genetically engineered interventions that make sense from the few point of medicine, and what are those that should be fundamentally rejected? Furthermore, the possibility is being discussed that the human genome project and the considerations accompanying it may eventually initiate new varieties of eugenics and racism (Fuchs-Kittowski, Rosenthal, Rosenthal 2005).

The Iberian Atlantic to 1650

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart B. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
World View ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Political Control ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Late Fifteenth ◽  
Two Kingdoms

The Castilians and Portuguese were the first Europeans to create systems of continual communication, trade, and political control spanning the Atlantic. Following medieval precedents and moved by similar economic and demographic factors, these two kingdoms embarked in the late fifteenth century on a course of expansion that led to the creation of overseas empires and contact with other societies and peoples. This process produced a series of political, religious, social, and ethical problems that would confront other nations pursuing empire. Portugal and Castile were sometimes rivals, sometimes allies, and for sixty years (1580–1640) parts of a composite monarchy under the same rulers. Their answers to the challenges of creating empires varied according to circumstances and resources, but they were not unaware of each others' efforts, failures, and successes nor of their common Catholic heritage and world-view that set the framework of their imperial vision, their rule, and their social organisation. This article focuses on the history of the Iberian Atlantic to 1650, the Atlantic origins and Caribbean beginnings, conquest and settlement to 1570, and imperial spaces and trade.

Genetic Art and the Aesthetics of Biology

Leonardo ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Tomasula
Keyword(s):  
Biological Materials ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
Art And Science ◽  
Work Of Art ◽  
Traditional Art ◽  
Biological Form ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Traditional Artists

The creation of Alba, the first mammal genetically engineered to be a work of art, accents the increasing number of artists who take as their medium plants, cells, genes and other biological materials. Like traditional artists, these bioartists raise traditional art issues; but since their work collapses the gap between art and science, representation and biological form, they also marry the rich tradition of manipulating nature for aesthetic reasons, the ethical complexities created by today's biotech revolution and the historical ramifications of applying aesthetic judgment to humans.

The Cornerstones for a Prohibition of Cloning Human Beings laid down in the European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
Theoretical Possibility ◽  
National Legislation ◽  
Recent Debate ◽  
The Creation

AbstractThe recent debate on the theoretical possibility of cloning human beings is urging society to develope a global legal barrier in order to prohibit the use of this technique on humans. Some national legislation, e.g. Germany, already bans the cloning of human beings. The European Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine contains three articles which together form the cornerstones for a prohibition of cloning: Article 1 guarantees the identity of human beings, Article 18.2 explicitly prohibits the creation of human embryos for research purposes and Article 13 contains a prohibition on the modification of the genome of any decendants. The prohibition of cloning human beings in the Protocol on Embryo Protection foreseen by the Council of Europe seems a necessary consequence. Furthermore, the forthcoming UNESCO Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights should contain such an explicit prohibition.

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