AIDS and the Central Nervous System: Examining Pathobiology and Testing Therapeutic Strategies in the SIV-Infected Rhesus Monkey

As a type of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, sirtuin 2 (SIRT2) is predominantly found in the cytoplasm of cells in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting its potential role in neurological disorders. Though SIRT2 is generally acknowledged to accelerate the development of neurological pathologies, it protects the brain from deterioration in certain circumstances. This review summarized the complex roles SIRT2 plays in the pathophysiology of diverse neurological disorders, compared and analyzed the discrete roles of SIRT2 in different conditions, and provided possible explanations for its paradoxical functions. In the future, the rapid growth in SIRT2 research may clarify its impacts on neurological disorders and develop therapeutic strategies targeting this protein.

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Effects of acute total and prolonged partial asphyxia on the central nervous system of the foetal neonatal and juvenile rhesus monkey: A review

Equine Veterinary Journal ◽

10.1111/j.2042-3306.1988.tb04631.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

pp. 25-27

Author(s):

A. W. BRANN

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Rhesus Monkey ◽

The Central Nervous System

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New oligodendrocytes exhibit more abundant and accurate myelin regeneration than those that survive demyelination

10.1101/2020.05.22.110551 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sarah A Neely ◽

Jill M Williamson ◽

Anna Klingseisen ◽

Lida Zoupi ◽

Jason J Early ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neuronal Cell ◽

Live Imaging ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Demyelinating Diseases ◽

Neuronal Cell Bodies ◽

The Central Nervous System

Regeneration of myelin (remyelination) in the central nervous system (CNS) has long been thought to be principally mediated by newly generated oligodendrocytes, a premise underpinning therapeutic strategies for demyelinating diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent studies have indicated that oligodendrocytes that survive demyelination can also contribute to remyelination, including in MS, but it is unclear how remyelination by surviving oligodendrocytes compares to that of newly generated oligodendrocytes. Here we studied oligodendrocytes in MS, and also imaged remyelination in vivo by surviving and new oligodendrocytes using zebrafish. We define a previously unappreciated pathology in MS, myelination of neuronal cell bodies, which is recapitulated during remyelination by surviving oligodendrocytes in zebrafish. Live imaging also revealed that surviving oligodendrocytes make very few new sheaths, but can support sheath growth along axons. In comparison, newly made oligodendrocytes make abundant new sheaths, properly targeted to axons, and exhibit a much greater capacity for regeneration.

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Pharmacological targeting of Tripartite Motif Containing 24 for the treatment of glioblastoma

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12967-021-03158-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mingzhi Han ◽

Yanfei Sun

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Cancer Progression ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Tripartite Motif ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Series Of Experiments ◽

Cell Propagation ◽

Insight Into

AbstractGlioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive brain tumor of the central nervous system. Recent studies have reported the crucial functions of Tripartite Motif Containing 24 (TRIM24) in promoting cancer progression of GBM. However, it remains unclear if TRIM24 is an attractive druggable target for therapeutic intervention in GBM. We therefore performed a series of experiments, aiming to verify whether specific TRIM24 inhibition suppresses GBM malignant functions using dTRIM24 and IACS-9571, two novel selective TRIM24 antagonists. Our data showed that TRIM24 inhibitors serve as effective agents for inhibiting cell propagation and invasion of several patient-derived GBM stem cells (GSCs), and these effects are mediated partially through suppression of the TRIM24-SOX2 axis. This study provides novel insight into the TRIM24-based druggable dependencies, important for developing effective therapeutic strategies for brain tumors.

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New Approaches for Cryptococcosis Treatment

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms8040613 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 613 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Cristina de Castro Spadari ◽

Fernanda Wirth ◽

Luciana Biagini Lopes ◽

Kelly Ishida

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Clinical Trials ◽

Nervous System ◽

Therapeutic Strategies ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

High Toxicity ◽

Clinical Phase ◽

Antifungal Potential ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Drug Nanocarriers

Cryptococcosis is an important opportunistic infection and a leading cause of meningitis in patients with HIV infection. The antifungal pharmacological treatment is limited to amphotericin B, fluconazole and 5- flucytosine. In addition to the limited pharmacological options, the high toxicity, increased resistance rate and difficulty of the currently available antifungal molecules to cross the blood–brain barrier hamper the treatment. Thus, the search for new alternatives for the treatment of cryptococcal meningitis is extremely necessary. In this review, we describe the therapeutic strategies currently available, discuss new molecules with antifungal potential in different phases of clinical trials and in advanced pre-clinical phase, and examine drug nanocarriers to improve delivery to the central nervous system.

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