Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Lipid Metabolism

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand binding transcription factors which function in many physiological roles including lipid metabolism, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. PPARs and their ligands have been shown to play a role in cancer. In particular, PPARγligands including endogenous prostaglandins and the synthetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) can induce apoptosis of cancer cells with antitumor activity. Thus, PPARγligands have a potential in both chemoprevention and therapy of several types of cancer either as single agents or in combination with other antitumor agents. Accordingly, the involvement of PPARγand its ligands in regulation of apoptosis of cancer cells have been extensively studied. Depending on cell types or ligands, induction of apoptosis in cancer cells by PPARγligands can be either PPARγ-dependent or -independent. Through increasing our understanding of the mechanisms of PPARγligand-induced apoptosis, we can develop better strategies which may include combining other antitumor agents for PPARγ-targeted cancer chemoprevention and therapy. This review will highlight recent research advances on PPARγand apoptosis in cancer.

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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors - Alpha in Chronic Inflammation - Mini-Review

International Journal of Pharmacology Phytochemistry and Ethnomedicine ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ijppe.12.1 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Elena Popa ◽

Florin Zugun-Eloae ◽

Mihaela Zlei ◽

Maria Traian ◽

Agnes Bacusca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Visceral Obesity ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Proinflammatory Response ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Metabolic Complication ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽

Proinflammatory Factors

The pathogeny of the metabolic syndrome (MetS ) is not fully elucidated, but a link between visceral obesity and the increase of the proinflammatory response was proven. Atherosclerosis, perceived as a metabolic complication, draws attention to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors- alpha (PPARα). PPARα receptors are transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism, inflammation and atheromatosis. Hence, it interferes in the pathogeny of cardiovascular diseases and other chronic diseases too (neurological, psychical, neoplasical). The study of the expression of PPARα and its modulation on different level may be beneficial in the treatment of metabolic syndrome, intervening in the modulation of another proinflammatory factors.

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Zebrafish as a Model to Study the Role of Peroxisome Proliferating-Activated Receptors in Adipogenesis and Obesity

PPAR Research ◽

10.1155/2015/358029 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Marjo J. Den Broeder ◽

Victoria A. Kopylova ◽

Leonie M. Kamminga ◽

Juliette Legler

Keyword(s):

Lipid Metabolism ◽

In Silico ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Zebrafish Genome ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Swim Bladder ◽

Vertebrate Model ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽

Human And Mouse

The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) PPARA and PPARD are regulators of lipid metabolism with important roles in energy release through lipid breakdown, while PPARG plays a key role in lipid storage and adipogenesis. The aim of this review is to describe the role of PPARs in lipid metabolism, adipogenesis, and obesity and evaluate the zebrafish as an emerging vertebrate model to study the function of PPARs. Zebrafish are an appropriate model to study human diseases, including obesity and related metabolic diseases, as pathways important for adipogenesis and lipid metabolism which are conserved between mammals and fish. This review synthesizes knowledge on the role of PPARs in zebrafish and focuses on the putative function of PPARs in zebrafish adipogenesis. Usingin silicoanalysis, we confirm the presence of five PPARs (pparaa,pparab,pparda,ppardb, andpparg) in the zebrafish genome with 67–74% identity to human and mouse PPARs. During development,pparda/bparalogs andppargshow mRNA expression around the swim bladder and pancreas, the region where adipocytes first develop, whereasppargis detectable in adipocytes at 15 days post fertilization (dpf). This review indicates that the zebrafish is a promising model to investigate the specific functions of PPARs in adipogenesis and obesity.

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