A Preconception Paternal Fish Oil Diet Prevents Toxicant-Driven New Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Neonatal Mice

New bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a developmental lung disease associated with placental dysfunction and impaired alveolarization. Risk factors for new BPD include prematurity, delayed postnatal growth, the dysregulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and parental exposure to toxicants. Our group previously reported that a history of paternal toxicant exposure increased the risk of prematurity and low birth weight in offspring. A history of paternal toxicant exposure also increased the offspring’s risk of new BPD and disease severity was increased in offspring who additionally received a supplemental formula diet, which has also been linked to poor lung development. Risk factors associated with new BPD are well-defined, but it is unclear whether the disease can be prevented. Herein, we assessed whether a paternal fish oil diet could attenuate the development of new BPD in the offspring of toxicant exposed mice, with and without neonatal formula feeding. We investigated the impact of a paternal fish oil diet preconception because we previously reported that this intervention reduces the risk of TCDD associated placental dysfunction, prematurity, and low birth weight. We found that a paternal fish oil diet significantly reduced the risk of new BPD in neonatal mice with a history of paternal toxicant exposure regardless of neonatal diet. Furthermore, our evidence suggests that the protective effects of a paternal fish oil diet are mediated in part by the modulation of small molecules involved in EMT.

A High-Fish Oil Diet Can Significantly Reshape The Gut Microbiota In Mice

Background: Gut microbiota plays an essential role for human health and recent evidence has revealed the beneficial effects of fish oil supplements on the gut microbiota. The present study was to investigate the influence of fish oil on diet-based gut microbiota changes and colitis in mice and whether pyroptosis plays a role in this process.Results: A high-fish oil diet alleviated colitis, resulted in less weight loss and improved pathological scores. Caspase-1, activated in the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) group, was suppressed by a high-fish oil diet. AIN-93M significantly decreased the gut microbial diversity of mice, increasing the abundances of Bacteroides and Parabacteroides and decreasing the abundance of Odoribacter. In contrast, gut microbial diversity was maintained in mice fed a high-fish oil diet; the Firmicutes: Bacteroidetes ratio was increased, the abundance of Parabacteroides was increased, and that the abundance of Odoribacter was decreased.Conclusion: AIN-93M can decrease gut microbiota diversity, which may be associated with a potential proinflammatory effect. Fish oil has anti-inflammatory effects. It can also restore and maintain microbial diversity and suppress pyroptosis activation.

The diets of sows with fish oil might decrease the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in sows, but increase the susceptibility to inflammatory response in their offspring

Backgroup: This aim of this study was to investigate that the effect of supplement maternal diet with fish oil on the oxidative stress and inflammatory response of sows and their offspring.Methods: Twelve sows were divided into two groups. Sows were fed soybean oil diet (SD) or soybean oil + fish oil diet (FD) from gestating to lactating period. The blood samples of lactating sows were collected. At the age of 14 days, one piglet was selected from each litter. After the blood was collected from the anterior vena cava, LPS was injected into the neck muscle. The blood was collected 5 hours after LPS injection. At 48h after LPS injection, blood and liver samples were collected.Results: Maternal fish oil supplementation improved the health of sows by increasing the level of HDL-C and decreasing the levels of AKP and TNF-α in the plasma of sow (P<0.05), and induced a positive effect on litter immune status associated with a modification of both IgG in the colostrum and IL-10 in the milk(P<0.05).In addition, antioxidant capacity in piglets increased by improving the level of GSH-Px and T-AOC (P<0.05) in the plasma of piglets 48h after LPS challenged. Meanwhile, the expression of GSH-Px mRNA and p-ERK protein in the livers of piglets was inhibited (P<0.05). However, in FD group, the level of IL-1β and IL-6 in the plasma of piglets were significantly higher before and after LPS challenged (P<0.05). The expression of NF-κB mRNA and p-IκB-α protein was increased in the liver of piglets (P<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that the diet of sow with fish oil might decrease the oxidative stress and inflammatory response in sows and enhance the antioxidative ability in their progenies, but might increase the susceptibility to inflammatory response in progenies.

Using Fish Oil to Prevent Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity

Objectives Due to the established cardioprotective effects of fish oil in pressure-induced models of heart failure, we hypothesize that fish oil could also be cardioprotective in anthracycline-induced heart failure. Methods In a mouse model of anthracycline cardiotoxicity male mice were assigned to one of four groups: anthracycline injection + control diet, saline injection + control diet, anthracycline injection + fish oil diet, or saline injection + fish oil diet. The control diet contained 90 g/kg soybean oil while the fish oil diet contained 40 g/kg soybean oil and 50 g/kg fish oil (8% fat by weight). The differences between groups were assessed by two-way ANOVA. Sidak's multiple comparison test was used to determine differences from the control group. Results Controlling for body weight, anthracycline treatment increased heart weight in both diet groups suggesting cardiac hypertrophy. Compared with control diet, fish oil diet attenuated anthracycline-induced increases in pro-inflammatory Il6 and pro-fibrotic collagen III mRNA. In addition, dietary fish oil increased bcl2 (anti-apoptosis) and heme oxygenase-1 (antioxidant) mRNA in heart muscle in mice treated with anthracycline. Conclusions Our data suggest that dietary fish oil may attenuate some of the cardiotoxic effects of anthracyclines. Fish oil is generally found to be safe in cancer patients, and if effective in clinical trials could provide a widely available therapy for cancer patients undergoing anthracycline chemotherapy. Funding Sources Funding was provided by NIH R21CA185140, Ohio Agriculture Research and Development Center, the Carol S. Kennedy Professorship, and the Ohio State University Education and Human Ecology Dissertation Research Fellowship.