Route of carbohydrate administration affects early post exercise muscle glycogen storage in horses

This study was a series of experiments designed to test the influence of supplemental magnesium oxide (MgO) on muscle glycogen concentration in sheep exposed to stress (exercise) and the commercial slaughter process, and to test the effectiveness of this supplement in the commercial scenario. In Expt 1, Merino wethers maintained on a mixed ration (metabolisable energy 11 MJ/kg and crude protein 16.3% in DM) were supplemented with MgO at the rate of 0%, 0.5%, or 1% of their ration for 10 days prior to a single bout of exercise and for 10 days prior to slaughter at a commercial abattoir. The exercise regimen consisted of 4 intervals of 15 min, with muscle biopsies taken by biopsy drill from the m. semimembranosis (SM) and m. semitendinosis (ST) pre-exercise and immediately post-exercise, and at 36 and 72 h post-exercise. Muscle biopsies were also taken 1 week prior to slaughter from the SM and ST, with further samples taken approximately 30 min post-slaughter. Ultimate pH (pHu) of the SM, ST, and m. longissimus dorsi (LD) was measured 48 h after slaughter. Sheep supplemented with MgO lost less muscle glycogen in the ST during exercise, and repleted more muscle glycogen in the SM during the post-exercise repletion phase, than unsupplemented sheep. The supplemented animals also had higher muscle glycogen concentrations in the ST at slaughter. In Expt 2, MgO was administered to Merino wether lambs for 4 days prior to slaughter in the form of a water-borne slurry at a rate equivalent to 1% of their ration. This treatment resulted in significantly reduced muscle glycogen concentrations in both the SM and ST at slaughter. In Expts 3–5, MgO was used as an ‘in-feed’ supplement in the commercial scenario. In each case, slaughter-weight Merino lambs were supplemented with MgO at the rate of 1% of their ration for 4 days prior to commercial slaughter. Positive responses were seen in 2 of the 3 experiments, with increased glycogen concentrations and a reduced pHu. The animals that demonstrated no response to MgO had the lowest pHu after slaughter, suggesting a minimal stress load, thus providing very little scope for an effect of the MgO supplement. We conclude that MgO can reduce the effects of exercise, leading to a subsequent reduction in glycogen loss, and an increase in the rate of glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle following exercise. The results support MgO supplementation as a viable option for reducing the stress associated with commercial slaughter.

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Coffee Increases Post-Exercise Muscle Glycogen Recovery in Endurance Athletes: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103335 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3335

Author(s):

Laís Monteiro Rodrigues Loureiro ◽

Eugênio dos Santos dos Santos Neto ◽

Guilherme Eckhardt Molina ◽

Angélica Amorim Amato ◽

Sandra Fernandes Arruda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trial ◽

Randomized Clinical Trial ◽

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Glycogen Synthase ◽

Double Blind ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Glycogen Resynthesis ◽

Ergometer Exercise ◽

Exercise Muscle ◽

Insulinemic Response

Coffee is one of the most widely consumed beverages worldwide and caffeine is known to improve performance in physical exercise. Some substances in coffee have a positive effect on glucose metabolism and are promising for post-exercise muscle glycogen recovery. We investigated the effect of a coffee beverage after exhaustive exercise on muscle glycogen resynthesis, glycogen synthase activity and glycemic and insulinemic response in a double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical trial. Fourteen endurance-trained men performed an exhaustive cycle ergometer exercise to deplete muscle glycogen. The following morning, participants completed a second cycling protocol followed by a 4-h recovery, during which they received either test beverage (coffee + milk) or control (milk) and a breakfast meal, with a simple randomization. Blood samples and muscle biopsies were collected at the beginning and by the end of recovery. Eleven participants were included in data analysis (age: 39.0 ± 6.0 years; BMI: 24.0 ± 2.3 kg/m2; VO2max: 59.9 ± 8.3 mL·kg−1·min−1; PPO: 346 ± 39 W). The consumption of coffee + milk resulted in greater muscle glycogen recovery (102.56 ± 18.75 vs. 40.54 ± 18.74 mmol·kg dw−1; p = 0.01; d = 0.94) and greater glucose (p = 0.02; d = 0.83) and insulin (p = 0.03; d = 0.76) total area under the curve compared with control. The addition of coffee to a beverage with adequate amounts of carbohydrates increased muscle glycogen resynthesis and the glycemic and insulinemic response during the 4-h recovery after exhaustive cycling exercise.

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Muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise: effect of time of carbohydrate ingestion

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.64.4.1480 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 64 (4) ◽

pp. 1480-1485 ◽

Cited By ~ 243

Author(s):

J. L. Ivy ◽

A. L. Katz ◽

C. L. Cutler ◽

W. M. Sherman ◽

E. F. Coyle

Keyword(s):

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Glycogen Synthesis ◽

Glycogen Storage ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽

Exercise Effect ◽

Exercise Muscle ◽

Reduced Rate ◽

Carbohydrate Supplement

The time of ingestion of a carbohydrate supplement on muscle glycogen storage postexercise was examined. Twelve male cyclists exercised continuously for 70 min on a cycle ergometer at 68% VO2max, interrupted by six 2-min intervals at 88% VO2max, on two separate occasions. A 25% carbohydrate solution (2 g/kg body wt) was ingested immediately postexercise (P-EX) or 2 h postexercise (2P-EX). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at 0, 2, and 4 h postexercise. Blood samples were obtained from an antecubital vein before and during exercise and at specific times after exercise. Muscle glycogen immediately postexercise was not significantly different for the P-EX and 2P-EX treatments. During the first 2 h postexercise, the rate of muscle glycogen storage was 7.7 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 for the P-EX treatment, but only 2.5 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 for the 2P-EX treatment. During the second 2 h of recovery, the rate of glycogen storage slowed to 4.3 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 during treatment P-EX but increased to 4.1 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 during treatment 2P-EX. This rate, however, was still 45% slower (P less than 0.05) than that for the P-EX treatment during the first 2 h of recovery. This slower rate of glycogen storage occurred despite significantly elevated plasma glucose and insulin levels. The results suggest that delaying the ingestion of a carbohydrate supplement post-exercise will result in a reduced rate of muscle glycogen storage.

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Effects of Glucose with Casein Peptide Supplementation on Post-Exercise Muscle Glycogen Resynthesis in C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10060753 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 753 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yutaka Matsunaga ◽

Yasuyuki Sakata ◽

Takumi Yago ◽

Hirohiko Nakamura ◽

Takashi Shimizu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Glycogen Resynthesis ◽

Exercise Muscle

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Effects of glucose ingestion at different frequencies on glycogen recovery in mice during the early hours post exercise

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition ◽

10.1186/s12970-021-00467-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yutaka Matsunaga ◽

Kenya Takahashi ◽

Yumiko Takahashi ◽

Hideo Hatta

Keyword(s):

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Blood Glucose Concentration ◽

Liver Glycogen ◽

Glycogen Storage ◽

Carbohydrate Intake ◽

Treadmill Running ◽

Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Glycogen Concentration ◽

Glucose Ingestion

Abstract Background When a high-carbohydrate diet is ingested, whether as small frequent snacks or as large meals, there is no difference between the two with respect to post-exercise glycogen storage for a period of 24 h. However, the effect of carbohydrate intake frequency on glycogen recovery a few hours after exercise is not clear. Athletes need to recover glycogen quickly after physical exercise as they sometimes exercise multiple times a day. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of carbohydrate intake at different frequencies on glycogen recovery during the first few hours after exercise. Methods After 120 min of fasting, 6-week-old male ICR mice were subjected to treadmill running exercise (20 m/min for 60 min) to decrease the levels of muscle and liver glycogen. Mice were then given glucose as a bolus (1.2 mg/g of body weight [BW], immediately after exercise) or as a pulse (1.2 mg/g of BW, every 15 min × 4 times). Following this, the blood, tissue, and exhaled gas samples were collected. Results In the bolus group, blood glucose concentration was significantly lower and plasma insulin concentration was significantly higher than those in the pulse group (p < 0.05). The plantaris muscle glycogen concentration in the bolus group was 25.3% higher than that in the pulse group at 60 min after glucose ingestion (p < 0.05). Liver glycogen concentration in the pulse group was significantly higher than that in the bolus group at 120 min after glucose ingestion (p < 0.05). Conclusions The present study showed that ingesting a large amount of glucose immediately after exercise increased insulin secretion and enhanced muscle glycogen recovery, whereas frequent and small amounts of glucose intake was shown to enhance liver glycogen recovery.

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P4.45 Muscle glycogen storage disease type 0b presenting recurrent post-exercise loss of consciousness with weakness and myalgia

Neuromuscular Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.nmd.2010.07.241 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 20 (9-10) ◽

pp. 671-672

Author(s):

S. Sukigara ◽

W. Liang ◽

H. Komaki ◽

T. Fukuda ◽

K. Miyamoto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycogen Storage Disease ◽

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Storage Disease ◽

Glycogen Storage Disease Type ◽

Glycogen Storage ◽

Disease Type ◽

Loss Of Consciousness ◽

Post Exercise

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Impaired muscle glycogen storage after muscle biopsy

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1988.64.5.2245 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 2245-2248 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

D. L. Costill ◽

D. R. Pearson ◽

W. J. Fink

Keyword(s):

Muscle Glycogen ◽

Vastus Lateralis ◽

Glycogen Storage ◽

Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽

Muscle Sample ◽

Initial Biopsy ◽

Glycogen Repletion ◽

Exercise Muscle ◽

The Right ◽

Male Subjects

To assess the effects of repeated needle biopsies on the rate of muscle glycogen repletion, eight male subjects were studied immediately after and 2 days after an exhaustive cycling bout. A single biopsy was obtained from the right vastus lateralis muscle immediately after an exhaustive cycling bout. Two days later, a sample was taken 1 cm lateral or medial to sample A. In four of these subjects, additional biopsies were taken 3 cm distal and proximal. A control specimen was also taken from the left leg 2 days after the exercise. Ten days after the exercise, muscle was again sampled from each leg of these four subjects. Analysis of these samples revealed that the initial biopsy impaired glycogen storage in the muscle taken 1 cm medial or lateral to the previous site. This reduction in glycogen storage was most pronounced in the first 2 days after the exercise. Samples taken distal and proximal to the initial biopsy contained, on the average, less glycogen than the contralateral leg, but these differences were only significantly different in the distal muscle sample. Alteration in muscle glycogen storage was seen to persist for 10 days after the first biopsy, suggesting that care must be taken in selecting the site for repeated biopsies from the same muscle.

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Influence of the artificial turf certification on physical performance and muscle damage in football players (QUALTURF PROJECT)

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88192-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Javier Sanchez-Sanchez ◽

Jose Luis Felipe ◽

Antonio Hernandez-Martin ◽

David Viejo-Romero ◽

Vicente Javier Clemente-Suarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Damage ◽

Football Players ◽

Artificial Turf ◽

Post Exercise ◽

Perceived Effort ◽

Risk Of Injury ◽

Football Team ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Exercise Muscle ◽

Simulated Match

AbstractThis study aimed to analyse the influence of the FIFA Quality PRO certification of artificial turf pitches on the physical, physiological performance and muscle damage in soccer players. Fifteen healthy male players (21.2 ± 1.4 years; 178.2 ± 4.3 cm; 79.1 ± 8.3 kg) from a university football team were selected to participate in the research. Mechanical properties related to surface–player interaction were assessed on the two surfaces selected for this study. A randomized design was used and the players performed the Ball-sport Endurance and Sprint Test (BEAST90) on the different artificial turf fields. Average time of the 20 m sprints was longer on the FIFA Quality Pro surface than on the non-certified pitch (+ 0.13 s; p < 0.05; CI 95% − 0.01 to 0.27; ES: 0.305). The players’ perceived effort was higher in the first (+ 2.64; p < 0.05; CI 95% 0.92 to 4.35; ES: 1.421) and the second half (+ 1.35; p < 0.05; CI 95% − 0.02 to 2.72; ES: 0.637) of the test on the FIFA Quality Pro field. Comparative analysis between surfaces showed no significant differences in the time spent in each of the heart rate zones and higher concentrations of CK (+ 196.58; p > 0.05; CI 95% 66.54 to 326.61; ES: 1.645) were evidenced in the non-certified pitch surface. In response to a simulated match protocol, markers of post-exercise muscle damage may be reduced on accredited artificial turf fields. These insights can provide the opportunity to maximize the efficiency of training sessions and reduce the risk of injury during the season.

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