Impaired muscle glycogen storage after muscle biopsy

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 2245-2248 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Costill ◽  
D. R. Pearson ◽  
W. J. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Muscle Sample ◽  
Initial Biopsy ◽  
Glycogen Repletion ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
The Right ◽  
Male Subjects

To assess the effects of repeated needle biopsies on the rate of muscle glycogen repletion, eight male subjects were studied immediately after and 2 days after an exhaustive cycling bout. A single biopsy was obtained from the right vastus lateralis muscle immediately after an exhaustive cycling bout. Two days later, a sample was taken 1 cm lateral or medial to sample A. In four of these subjects, additional biopsies were taken 3 cm distal and proximal. A control specimen was also taken from the left leg 2 days after the exercise. Ten days after the exercise, muscle was again sampled from each leg of these four subjects. Analysis of these samples revealed that the initial biopsy impaired glycogen storage in the muscle taken 1 cm medial or lateral to the previous site. This reduction in glycogen storage was most pronounced in the first 2 days after the exercise. Samples taken distal and proximal to the initial biopsy contained, on the average, less glycogen than the contralateral leg, but these differences were only significantly different in the distal muscle sample. Alteration in muscle glycogen storage was seen to persist for 10 days after the first biopsy, suggesting that care must be taken in selecting the site for repeated biopsies from the same muscle.

Muscle glycogen synthesis after exercise: effect of time of carbohydrate ingestion

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 1480-1485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Ivy ◽  
A. L. Katz ◽  
C. L. Cutler ◽  
W. M. Sherman ◽  
E. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Exercise Effect ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Reduced Rate ◽  
Carbohydrate Supplement

The time of ingestion of a carbohydrate supplement on muscle glycogen storage postexercise was examined. Twelve male cyclists exercised continuously for 70 min on a cycle ergometer at 68% VO2max, interrupted by six 2-min intervals at 88% VO2max, on two separate occasions. A 25% carbohydrate solution (2 g/kg body wt) was ingested immediately postexercise (P-EX) or 2 h postexercise (2P-EX). Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis at 0, 2, and 4 h postexercise. Blood samples were obtained from an antecubital vein before and during exercise and at specific times after exercise. Muscle glycogen immediately postexercise was not significantly different for the P-EX and 2P-EX treatments. During the first 2 h postexercise, the rate of muscle glycogen storage was 7.7 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 for the P-EX treatment, but only 2.5 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 for the 2P-EX treatment. During the second 2 h of recovery, the rate of glycogen storage slowed to 4.3 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 during treatment P-EX but increased to 4.1 mumol.g wet wt-1.h-1 during treatment 2P-EX. This rate, however, was still 45% slower (P less than 0.05) than that for the P-EX treatment during the first 2 h of recovery. This slower rate of glycogen storage occurred despite significantly elevated plasma glucose and insulin levels. The results suggest that delaying the ingestion of a carbohydrate supplement post-exercise will result in a reduced rate of muscle glycogen storage.

Eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage impairs muscle glycogen repletion

1987 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. O'Reilly ◽  
M. J. Warhol ◽  
R. A. Fielding ◽  
W. R. Frontera ◽  
C. N. Meredith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Metabolic Intensity ◽  
Exercise Muscle

Five healthy untrained young male subjects were studied before, immediately after, and 10 days after a 45-min bout of eccentric exercise on a cycle ergometer (201 W). The subjects were sedentary at all other times and consumed a eucaloric meat-free diet. Needle biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle were examined for intracellular damage and glycogen content. Immediately after exercise, muscle samples showed myofibrillar tearing and edema. At 10 days, there was myofibrillar necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and no evidence of myofibrillar regeneration. Glycogen utilization during the exercise bout was 33 mmol glycosyl units/kg muscle, consistent with the metabolic intensity of 44% of maximal O2 uptake; however, the significant glycogen use by type II fibers contrasted with concentric exercise performed at this intensity. At 10 days after exercise, muscle glycogen was still depleted, in both type I and II fibers. It is possible that the alterations in muscle ultrastructures were related to the lack of repletion of muscle glycogen. Damage produced by eccentric exercise was more persistent than previously reported, indicating that more than 10 days may be necessary for recovery of muscle ultrastructure and carbohydrate reserves.

Muscle glycogen availability and temperature regulation in humans

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Martineau ◽  
I. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Temperature Regulation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Muscle Groups

The effects of intramuscular glycogen availability on human temperature regulation were studied in eight seminude subjects immersed in 18 degrees C water for 90 min or until rectal temperature (Tre) decreased to 35.5 degrees C. Each subject was immersed three times over a 3-wk period. Each immersion followed 2.5 days of a specific dietary and/or exercise regimen designed to elicit low (L), normal (N), or high (H) glycogen levels in large skeletal muscle groups. Muscle glycogen concentration was determined in biopsies taken from the vastus lateralis muscle before and after each immersion. Intramuscular glycogen concentration before the immersion was significantly different among the L, N, and H trials (P less than 0.01), averaging 247 +/- 15, 406 +/- 23, and 548 +/- 42 (SE) mmol glucose units.kg dry muscle-1, respectively. The calculated metabolic heat production during the first 30 min of immersion was significantly lower during L compared with N or H (P less than 0.05). The rate at which Tre decreased was more rapid during the L immersion than either N or H (P less than 0.05), and the time during the immersion at which Tre first began to decrease also appeared sooner during L than N or H. The results suggest that low skeletal muscle glycogen levels are associated with more rapid body cooling during water immersion in humans. Higher than normal muscle glycogen levels, however, do not increase cold tolerance.

Effect of training on the dose-response relationship for insulin action in men

1989 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-703 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Mikines ◽  
B. Sonne ◽  
P. A. Farrell ◽  
B. Tronier ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Insulin Responsiveness

Seven endurance-trained subjects [maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) 64 +/- 1 (SE) ml.min-1.kg-1] were subjected to three sequential hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps 15 h after having performed their last training session (T). Results were compared with findings in seven untrained subjects (VO2max 44 +/- 2 ml.min-1.kg-1) studied both at rest (UT) and after 60 min of bicycle exercise at 150 W (UT-ex). In T and UT-ex compared with UT, sensitivity for insulin-mediated whole-body glucose uptake was higher [insulin concentrations eliciting half-maximal glucose uptake being 44 +/- 2 (T) and 43 +/- 4 (UT-ex) vs. 52 +/- 3 microU/ml (UT), P less than 0.05] and responsiveness was higher [13.4 +/- 1.2 (T) and 10.9 +/- 0.7 (UT-ex) vs. 9.5 +/- 0.7 mg.min-1.kg-1 (UT), P less than 0.05]. Furthermore, responsiveness was higher (P less than 0.05) in T than in UT-ex. Insulin-stimulated O2 uptake and maximal glucose oxidation rate were higher in T than in UT and UT-ex. Insulin-stimulated conversion or glucose to glycogen and muscle glycogen synthase was higher in T than in UT and UT-ex. However, glycogen storage in vastus lateralis muscle was found only in UT-ex. No change in any glucoregulatory hormone or metabolite could explain the increased insulin action in trained subjects. It is concluded that physical training induces an adaptive increase in insulin responsiveness of whole-body glucose uptake, which does not reflect increased glycogen deposition in muscle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Human Skeletal Muscle Glycogen Branching Enzyme Activities with Exercise and Training

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. W. Taylor ◽  
J. Stothart ◽  
M. A. Booth ◽  
R. Thayer ◽  
S. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Submaximal Exercise ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Branching Enzyme ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Branching Enzyme

Sixteen healthy male subjects classified as sedentary (8) or active (8), exercised to exhaustion on a bicycle ergometer at a load requiring 70% of their maximal aerobic capacity. Biopsy samples of the vastus lateralis muscle were taken at rest and at the time of fatigue. A 12 week training program increased skeletal muscle glycogen content and branching enzyme activities twofold. The exhaustive submaximal exercise reduced the glycogen levels of the trained group to values similar to the fatigue levels of the non-trained subjects. Skeletal muscle glycogen branching enzyme activities decreased with submaximal exercise to fatigue in all groups. Maximal exercise to fatigue resulted in small increases in the activities of the enzyme. The results of the present study and a previous study (Taylor et al. 1972. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 50, 411–415) indicate that the activities of the glycogen synthesizing enzymes are highly correlated with the skeletal muscle resting glycogen concentration and the relative fitness of the subjects.

Muscle glycogen recovery after exercise during glucose and fructose intake monitored by13C-NMR

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1495-1500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrianus J. Van Den Bergh ◽  
Sibrand Houtman ◽  
Arend Heerschap ◽  
Nancy J. Rehrer ◽  
Hendrikus J. Van Den Boogert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Glycogen Concentration ◽  
Fructose Intake ◽  
Glycogen Stores ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
C Nmr

Van Den Bergh, Adrianus J., Sibrand Houtman, Arend Heerschap, Nancy J. Rehrer, Hendrikus J. Van Den Boogert, Berend Oeseburg, and Maria T. E. Hopman. Muscle glycogen recovery after exercise during glucose and fructose intake monitored by13C-NMR. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(4): 1495–1500, 1996.—The purpose of this study was to examine muscle glycogen recovery with glucose feeding (GF) compared with fructose feeding (FF) during the first 8 h after partial glycogen depletion by using13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on a clinical 1.5-T NMR system. After measurement of the glycogen concentration of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle in seven male subjects, glycogen stores of the VL were depleted by bicycle exercise. During 8 h after completion of exercise, subjects were orally given either GF or FF while the glycogen content of the VL was monitored by13C-NMR spectroscopy every second hour. The muscular glycogen concentration was expressed as a percentage of the glycogen concentration measured before exercise. The glycogen recovery rate during GF (4.2 ± 0.2%/h) was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) compared with values during FF (2.2 ± 0.3%/h). This study shows that 1) muscle glycogen levels are perceptible by 13C-NMR spectroscopy at 1.5 T and 2) the glycogen restoration rate is higher after GF compared with after FF.

Effects of cocaine on plasma catecholamine and muscle glycogen concentrations during exercise in the rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1323-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Conlee ◽  
D. W. Barnett ◽  
K. P. Kelly ◽  
D. H. Han
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Exercise Endurance ◽  
Insight Into

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that cocaine (C) alters the normal physiological responses to exercise. Male rats were injected with saline (S) or C (12.5 mg/kg) either intravenously (iv) or intraperitoneally (ip). After injection the animals were allowed to rest for 30 min or were run on the treadmill (26 m/min, 10% grade). At rest plasma epinephrine values were 245 +/- 24 pg/ml in the S group and 411 +/- 43 (ip) and 612 +/- 41 (iv) pg/ml in the C groups (P less than 0.05 between S and C). During exercise plasma epinephrine levels were 615 +/- 32 pg/ml in S and 1,316 +/- 58 (ip) and 1,208 +/- 37 (iv) pg/ml in the C groups (P less than 0.05 between S and C). Similar results were obtained for norepinephrine. Glycogen content in the white vastus lateralis muscle was reduced to 31 +/- 2 mumol/g in S after exercise, but after C and exercise the values were 12 +/- 4 (ip) and 16 +/- 3 (iv) mumol/g (P less than 0.05 between S and C). There was no effect of the drug on this parameter at rest. Blood lactate rose to 4.8 +/- 1.0 (ip) and 5.8 +/- 1.3 (iv) mM in the C groups but to only 3.0 +/- 0.2 in the S group after exercise (P less than 0.05 between S and C). These results show that C and exercise combined exert a more dramatic effect on plasma catecholamine, muscle glycogen, and blood lactate concentrations than do C and exercise alone. They provide further insight into explaining the adverse effects of C on exercise endurance observed previously (Bracken et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 66: 377-383, 1989).

The effect of magnesium oxide supplementation on muscle glycogen metabolism before and after exercise and at slaughter in sheep

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Gardner ◽  
R. H. Jacob ◽  
D. W. Pethick
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Oxide ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Regimen ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Glycogen Repletion ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

This study was a series of experiments designed to test the influence of supplemental magnesium oxide (MgO) on muscle glycogen concentration in sheep exposed to stress (exercise) and the commercial slaughter process, and to test the effectiveness of this supplement in the commercial scenario. In Expt 1, Merino wethers maintained on a mixed ration (metabolisable energy 11 MJ/kg and crude protein 16.3% in DM) were supplemented with MgO at the rate of 0%, 0.5%, or 1% of their ration for 10 days prior to a single bout of exercise and for 10 days prior to slaughter at a commercial abattoir. The exercise regimen consisted of 4 intervals of 15 min, with muscle biopsies taken by biopsy drill from the m. semimembranosis (SM) and m. semitendinosis (ST) pre-exercise and immediately post-exercise, and at 36 and 72 h post-exercise. Muscle biopsies were also taken 1 week prior to slaughter from the SM and ST, with further samples taken approximately 30 min post-slaughter. Ultimate pH (pHu) of the SM, ST, and m. longissimus dorsi (LD) was measured 48 h after slaughter. Sheep supplemented with MgO lost less muscle glycogen in the ST during exercise, and repleted more muscle glycogen in the SM during the post-exercise repletion phase, than unsupplemented sheep. The supplemented animals also had higher muscle glycogen concentrations in the ST at slaughter. In Expt 2, MgO was administered to Merino wether lambs for 4 days prior to slaughter in the form of a water-borne slurry at a rate equivalent to 1% of their ration. This treatment resulted in significantly reduced muscle glycogen concentrations in both the SM and ST at slaughter. In Expts 3–5, MgO was used as an ‘in-feed’ supplement in the commercial scenario. In each case, slaughter-weight Merino lambs were supplemented with MgO at the rate of 1% of their ration for 4 days prior to commercial slaughter. Positive responses were seen in 2 of the 3 experiments, with increased glycogen concentrations and a reduced pHu. The animals that demonstrated no response to MgO had the lowest pHu after slaughter, suggesting a minimal stress load, thus providing very little scope for an effect of the MgO supplement. We conclude that MgO can reduce the effects of exercise, leading to a subsequent reduction in glycogen loss, and an increase in the rate of glycogen repletion in skeletal muscle following exercise. The results support MgO supplementation as a viable option for reducing the stress associated with commercial slaughter.

Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 1917-1925 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Nieman ◽  
J. M. Davis ◽  
D. A. Henson ◽  
J. Walberg-Rankin ◽  
M. Shute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Cytokine Mrna ◽  
Carbohydrate Ingestion ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Content ◽  
Tnf Α

Sixteen experienced marathoners ran on treadmills for 3 h at ∼70% maximal oxygen consumption (V˙o 2 max) on two occasions while receiving 1 l/h carbohydrate (CHO) or placebo (Pla) beverages. Blood and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were collected before and after exercise. Plasma was analyzed for IL-6, IL-10, IL-1 receptor agonist (IL-1ra), IL-8, cortisol, glucose, and insulin. Muscle was analyzed for glycogen content and relative gene expression of 13 cytokines by using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Plasma glucose and insulin were higher, and cortisol, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra, but not IL-8, were significantly lower postexercise in CHO vs. Pla. Change in muscle glycogen content did not differ between CHO and Pla ( P = 0.246). Muscle cytokine mRNA content was detected preexercise for seven cytokines in this order (highest to lowest): IL-15, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-1β, IL-12p35, IL-6, and IFN-γ. After subjects ran for 3 h, gene expression above prerun levels was measured for five of these cytokines: IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 (large increases), and IL-10 and TNF-α (small increases). The increase in mRNA (fold difference from preexercise) was attenuated in CHO (15.9-fold) compared with Pla (35.2-fold) for IL-6 ( P = 0.071) and IL-8 (CHO, 7.8-fold; Pla, 23.3-fold; P = 0.063). CHO compared with Pla beverage ingestion attenuates the increase in plasma IL-6, IL-10, and IL-1ra and gene expression for IL-6 and IL-8 in athletes running 3 h at 70%V˙o 2 max despite no differences in muscle glycogen content.

Route of carbohydrate administration affects early post exercise muscle glycogen storage in horses

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (S36) ◽  
pp. 590-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. GEOR ◽  
L. LARSEN ◽  
H. L. WATERFALL ◽  
L. STEWART-HUNT ◽  
L. J. McCUTCHEON
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Exercise Muscle
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