The effects of extrinsic rewards in intrinsic motivation: A meta-analysis

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uco J. Wiersma
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards

COGNITIVE EVALUATION THEORY: A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Rummel ◽  
Richard Feinberg
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation ◽  
Analytic Review

Rewards have been shown to impair performance of a reinforced behavior. The work surrounding these detrimental effects of rewards has not been met with unanimous support. Does this phenomenon described in Deci's Cognitive Evaluation Theory concerning the detrimental effects of reward exist? Is Deci's Cognitive Evaluation Theory adequate to explain this phenomenon? A meta-analysis was employed to determine the existence of the detrimental effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Results from this analysis showed that within strictly defined parameters the phenomenon defined by Deci exists. Implications from this analysis exemplify researchers' need for closer supervision of the operationalization of variables based on the theoretical framework.

Under what Circumstances do Extrinsic Rewards Decrease Intrinsic Motivation?

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (14) ◽  
pp. 830-834
Author(s):  
Alison G. Vredenburgh ◽  
Jennifer S. McLeod ◽  
Delbert M. Nebeker
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards

scholarly journals Undermining Intrinsic Motivation

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca Lavorata
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Conceptual Learning ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards ◽  
Evaluation Theory ◽  
Cognitive Evaluation Theory ◽  
Motivation For Learning ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Extrinsic Goal ◽  
Learning And Performance

This paper will examine the possible effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation in Preschool to College students and argue that extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic motivation. The Overjustification hypothesis by self-perception theory, as well as the cognitive evaluation theory (CET) will be discussed, including some of the benefits of self-motivation for learning. Various studies will be explored to show that extrinsic rewards reduce intrinsic motivation. Results suggest that students that are offered an extrinsic goal subsequently show less intrinsic interest and demonstrate poorer conceptual learning and performance in the long term. Alternately, students that are regulated by intrinsic motivations experience positive consequences at school. This paper will conclude on the note that intrinsic motivation plays a pivotal role in learning, and that teachers and other social agents can help promote intrinsic goals to motivate conceptual learning and performance, even when students hold a stronger extrinsic goal orientation. Finally, various factors that can enhance and develop intrinsic motivation will be discussed, and suggestions will be provided for further research on this topic.

Achievement Goals and Intrinsic Motivation: A Meta-Analytic Review

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laird J. Rawsthorne ◽  
Andrew J. Elliot
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Experimental Literature ◽  
Mastery Goals ◽  
Conceptual Clarity ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
Undermining Effect

This article presents a meta-analysis of the experimental literature that has examined the effect of performance and mastery achievement goals on intrinsic motivation. Summary analyses provided supportfor the hypothesis that the pursuit ofperformance goals has an undermining effect on intrinsic motivation relative to the pursuit of mastery goals. Moderator analyses were conducted in an attempt to explain significant variation in the magnitude and direction of this effect across studies. Results indicated that the undermining effect ofperformance goals relative to mastery goals was contingent on whether participants received confirming or nonconfirming competence feedback, and on whether the experimental procedures induced a performance-approach or performance-avoidance orientation. These findings provide conceptual clarity to the literature on achievement goals and intrinsic motivation and suggest numerous avenues for subsequent empirical work.

Relationship between Extrinsic Rewards and Intrinsic Motivation

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1255-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Weinberg
Keyword(s):  
Intrinsic Motivation ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Extrinsic Rewards ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Dependent Variables

Research on the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation suggests that in certain contexts the effect of task extrinsic incentives is to undermine subsequent interest in the task. Extrinsic rewards have also produced deleterious effects on the process of learning and quality of performance. Evidence concerning the variables which affect this interaction, such as contingency of reward, expectation of reward, threats of punishment, and positive feedback is reviewed. In, addition, the various dependent variables used in measurement of intrinsic motivation are compared and contrasted. Future directions for research are suggested.

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