scholarly journals Gastrointestinal stress as innate defence against microbial attack

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Panwar ◽  
N. Rokana ◽  
S. V. Aparna ◽  
J. Kaur ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Innate Defence ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stress ◽  
Microbial Attack

Tropical fruit pulps decreased probiotic survival to in vitro gastrointestinal stress in synbiotic soy yoghurt with okara during storage

LWT ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 436-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Bedani ◽  
Antonio Diogo Silva Vieira ◽  
Elizeu Antonio Rossi ◽  
Susana Marta Isay Saad
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stress

Degradation of natural and Kraft lignins by the microflora of soil and water

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don L. Crawford ◽  
Suellen Floyd ◽  
Anthony L. Pometto III ◽  
Ronald L. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Lignin Degradation ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Lignin Biodegradation ◽  
Incubation Periods ◽  
Molecular Weight Fractions ◽  
Soil And Water ◽  
Different Molecular Weight ◽  
Microbial Attack

The comparative rates of microbial degradation 14C-lignin-labeled lignocelluloses and 14C-Kraft lignins were investigated using selected soil and water samples as sources of microorganisms. Natural lignocelluloses containing 14C primarily in their lignin components were prepared by feeding plants uniformly labeled L-[14C]phenylalanine through their cut stems. 14C-Kraft lignins were prepared by pulping lignin-labeled lignocelluloses. Rates of lignin biodegradation were determined by monitoring 14CO2 evolution from incubation mixtures over incubation periods of up to 1000 h. Observed rates of lignin degradation were slow in all cases. Kraft lignins appeared more resistant to microbial attack than natural lignins, even though they were decomposed more rapidly during the first 100–200 h of incubation. Similar degradation patterns were observed in both soil and water. Individual samples, however, varied greatly in their overall rates of degradation of either lignin type. A Kraft-lignin preparation was separated into a variety of molecular weight fractions by column chromatography on LH-20 Sephadex and the biodegradability of the different molecular weight fractions determined. The lower molecular weight fractions of the Kraft lignin were decomposed at a significantly faster rate by the microflora of soil than were the fractions of higher molecular weight.

scholarly journals Schistosoma mansoni: inflammatory foci around larvae in the peritoneal cavity of naive mice is radiosensitive

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Lane de MELO ◽  
Munir CHAMONE
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Innate Defence ◽  
Lethal Doses

Innate attack to Schistosoma mansoni cercariae was evaluated in irradiated mice. It was observed that 70% of the larvae from mice sacrificed one day after whole body irradiation with 400 or 800 rads were surrounded by cluster reactivities, without difference from controls. Differences were apparent on day 5 after irradiation with sub lethal (400 rads) or lethal doses (800 rads) suggesting that innate defence to infection take at least 5 days to be affected by low dose whole-body radiation.

scholarly journals A Review of Intermediate Pyrolysis as a Technology of Biomass Conversion for Coproduction of Biooil and Adsorption Biochar

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Deodatus Kazawadi ◽  
Justin Ntalikwa ◽  
Godlisten Kombe
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuel ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Good For ◽  
Intermediate Pyrolysis ◽  
Microbial Attack

The agenda to utilize and efficiently convert biomass has been raised to alleviate environmental problems and pressure on the reliance on fossil fuel. Intermediate pyrolysis has the ability to treat different biomasses and coproduction of biooil and adsorption biochar. This review article aims to evaluate the appropriateness of intermediate pyrolysis for the coproduction of biooil and adsorption biochar. It was observed that coproduced biooil is of high quality, stable, and miscible that can be used directly to existing engines or be easily blended. The biochar coproduced is good for adsorption but is not stable for microbial attack and hence unsuitable in soil treatment but for hydrometallurgy. Since the process is capable of treating waste biomass, it is an opportunity for further investigations in areas where wastes are plenty and less utilized. To increase the effectiveness of this technology for coproduction, optimizing parameters, design of efficient reactors, and use of catalyst must be worked upon.

scholarly journals Improved probiotic survival to in vitro gastrointestinal stress in a mousse containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 microencapsulated with inulin by spray drying

LWT ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 404-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Xavier dos Santos ◽  
Alessandro Alberto Casazza ◽  
Bahar Aliakbarian ◽  
Raquel Bedani ◽  
Susana Marta Isay Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Stress

scholarly journals Senescence and Host–Pathogen Interactions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Humphreys ◽  
Mohamed ElGhazaly ◽  
Teresa Frisan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Virulence Determinants ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Cycle Arrest ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
Weak Points ◽  
Innate Defence

Damage to our genomes triggers cellular senescence characterised by stable cell cycle arrest and a pro-inflammatory secretome that prevents the unrestricted growth of cells with pathological potential. In this way, senescence can be considered a powerful innate defence against cancer and viral infection. However, damage accumulated during ageing increases the number of senescent cells and this contributes to the chronic inflammation and deregulation of the immune function, which increases susceptibility to infectious disease in ageing organisms. Bacterial and viral pathogens are masters of exploiting weak points to establish infection and cause devastating diseases. This review considers the emerging importance of senescence in the host–pathogen interaction: we discuss the pathogen exploitation of ageing cells and senescence as a novel hijack target of bacterial pathogens that deploys senescence-inducing toxins to promote infection. The persistent induction of senescence by pathogens, mediated directly through virulence determinants or indirectly through inflammation and chronic infection, also contributes to age-related pathologies such as cancer. This review highlights the dichotomous role of senescence in infection: an innate defence that is exploited by pathogens to cause disease.

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