scholarly journals Dispersal syndromes are poorly associated with climatic niche differences in the Azorean seed plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Leo ◽  
Manuel J. Steinbauer ◽  
Paulo A.V. Borges ◽  
Eduardo B. Azevedo ◽  
Rosalina Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Plants ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes ◽  
Niche Differences

scholarly journals Climatic niche pre-adaptation in mainland Europe facilitated the colonization of Madeira by ivies (Hedera L., Araliaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Alonso ◽  
Angelica Gallego-Narbon ◽  
Marina Coca-de-la-Iglesia ◽  
David Monjas ◽  
Nagore G. Medina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Niche Differentiation ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Test Species ◽  
Origin And Evolution ◽  
Niche Differences

Background and aims: The way plants cope with biotic and abiotic selective pressures determines their success in the colonization of remote oceanic islands, which ultimately depends on the phylogenetic constrains and ecological response of the lineage. In this study we aim to evaluate the relative role of geographical and ecological forces in the origin and evolution of the Madeiran ivy (H. maderensis). Methods: To determine the phylogenetic placement of H. maderensis within the western polyploid clade of Hedera (three species), we analysed 40 populations (92 individuals) using genotyping-by-sequencing and including H. helix as outgroup. Climatic niche differences among the four study species were evaluated using a database with 706 records representing the entire species ranges. To test species responses to climate, a set of 19 vegetative and regenerative functional traits were examined for 70 populations (335 individuals). Key results: Phylogenomic results revealed a nested pattern with H. maderensis embedded within H. iberica. Gradual niche differentiation from the coldest and most continental populations of H. iberica to the warm and stable coastal population sister to H. maderensis parallels the geographical pattern observed in the phylogeny. Similarity in adaptive traits is observed for H. maderensis and H. iberica. The two species show leaves with higher SLA, lower LDMC and thickness and smaller fruits than those of H. hibernica. Conclusions: Acquisition of the Macaronesian climatic niche and the associated functional syndrome in mainland European ivies (small fruits, leaves high SLA, and low LDMD and thickness) was a key step in the colonization of Madeira 1 by the H. iberica/H. maderensis lineage, which points to climatic pre-adaptation as a driver of island colonization (dispersal and establishment). Once in Madeira, speciation was driven by geographical isolation, while ecological processes are regarded as secondary forces with a putative impact in the lack of further in situ diversification.

scholarly journals Climatic niche differences among Zootoca vivipara clades with different parity modes: implications for the evolution and maintenance of viviparity

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Horreo ◽  
A. Jiménez-Valverde ◽  
P. S. Fitze
Keyword(s):  
Variable Temperature ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Niche Differences ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
Occurrence Records ◽  
Parity Mode

AbstractParity mode (oviparity/viviparity) importantly affects the ecology, morphology, physiology, biogeography and evolution of organisms. The main hypotheses explaining the evolution and maintenance of viviparity are based on bioclimatic predictions and also state that the benefits of viviparity arise during the reproductive period. We identify the main climatic variables discriminating between viviparous and oviparous Eurasian common lizard (Zootoca vivipara) occurrence records during the reproductive period and over the entire year.Analyses based on the climates during the reproductive period show that viviparous clades inhabit sites with less variable temperature and precipitation. On the contrary, analyses based on the annual climates show that viviparous clades inhabit sites with more variable temperatures.Results from models using climates during reproduction are in line with the “selfish-mother hypothesis”, which can explain the success of viviparity, the maintenance of the two reproductive modes, and why viviparous individuals cannot colonize sites inhabited by oviparous ones (and vice versa). They suggest that during the reproductive period viviparity has an adaptive advantage over oviparity in less risky habitats thanks to the selfish behaviour of the mothers. Moreover, the results from both analyses stress that hypotheses about the evolution and maintenance of viviparity need to be tested during the reproductive period.

scholarly journals Climatic niche differences between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes ofChamerion angustifolium(Onagraceae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 101 (11) ◽  
pp. 1868-1875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken A. Thompson ◽  
Brian C. Husband ◽  
Hafiz Maherali
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Niche Differences ◽  
Tetraploid Cytotypes

scholarly journals Explaining the distribution of breeding and dispersal syndromes in conifers

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1770) ◽  
pp. 20131812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew B. Leslie ◽  
Jeremy M. Beaulieu ◽  
Peter R. Crane ◽  
Michael J. Donoghue
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Dispersal Syndromes ◽  
Key Innovation ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Woody Growth ◽  
Animal Dispersed Seeds

The evolution of plants exhibiting different sexes, or dioecy, is correlated with a number of ecological and life-history traits such as woody growth form and animal-dispersed seeds, but the underlying causes of these associations are unclear. Previous work in seed plants has suggested that the evolution of fleshy cones or seeds may favour dioecy. In this study, we use a well-sampled molecular phylogeny of conifers to show that although dioecy and fleshiness strongly co-occur at the species level, this relationship has not resulted from numerous separate origins of this trait combination or from differential rates of diversification. Instead, we suggest that two character combinations—the ancestral dry-monoecious condition and the derived fleshy-dioecious condition—have persisted in conifers longer than other combinations over evolutionary time. The persistence of these trait combinations appears to reflect differences in the rate of successful transition into and out of these character states over time, as well as the geographical restriction of species with rare combinations and their consequent vulnerability to extinction. In general, we argue that such persistence explanations should be considered alongside ‘key innovation’ hypotheses in explaining the phylogenetic distribution of traits.

scholarly journals Alpine, but not montane, seed plants constitute a biogeographically and climatically distinct species pool across the Americas.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Figueroa ◽  
Hannah Marx ◽  
Maria Beatriz de Souza Cortez ◽  
Charles Grady ◽  
Nicholas J. Engle-Wrye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Niche Breadth ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Pool ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Niche Space ◽  
Climatic Niche ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Alpine Species

Aim Higher elevation habitats contribute substantially to global biodiversity. Nevertheless, we know comparatively little about how diversity patterns differ among alpine and montane communities across different mountain ranges. Here, we characterized the realized niche space of American seed plants to ask whether or not montane or alpine community compositions define climatically distinct species pools at this regional scale. Location Americas. Time Period Contemporary. Major taxa studied Seed plants. Methods We assembled a niche model dataset of 72,372 American seed plants based on digitized and georeferenced specimen records. We used this dataset to quantify occupied abiotic niche space with regards to temperature, precipitation, and elevation. This approach further permitted differentiation of higher-elevation specialists (i.e., ranges centered at high elevations) from generalists (i.e., ranges centered at lower elevations but extending into mountain areas). Results Montane communities did not differ from the regional species pool in terms of richness patterns, occupied climatic niche space, or niche breadth. In contrast, alpine communities were characterized by a bimodal latitudinal diversity gradient, drastically reduced climatic niche space, and broader temperature but narrower precipitation niche breadth. Alpine generalists further showed statistically significant differences in temperature, but not precipitation, niche breadth from both alpine specialists and lowland taxa. We also highlight non-alpine species whose climatic niche space otherwise overlapped with that of alpine plants. These species were geographically concentrated in the southern US and Mexico, tended to have a greater fraction of their ranges in frost-exposed mountain foothills, and less of their range in lowland, frost-free, areas, compared to other non-alpine species. Main conclusions These results suggest that ecological and physiological barriers, rather than dispersal limitation might better explain alpine community assembly and that alpine, but not montane, communities form a climatically distinct species pool in the Americas.

ПоражениесеменныхрастенийредисагрибомAlbugocandidaприпервичномсеменоводствевМосковскойобласти

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Khovrin ◽  
D.A. Yanaeva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Albugo Candida ◽  
Generative Phase

В статье описаны симптомы поражения семенных растений редиса A. candida, дана оценка ряда сортов с разной устойчивостью к A. candida. Описаны способы борьбы с этим заболеванием при элитном семеноводстве редиса. В результате двулетней оценки образцов питомника размножения выявлено, что есть сортовая специфика устойчивости к Albugo candida. Более склонен к поражению в генеративную фазу развития сорт Кармен, наиболее устойчив к патогену сорт Меркадо.The symptoms of A. candida on seed plants radish are described a number of varieties with different resistance to A. candida are evaluated. The methods of combating of this disease in elite seed production of radish are described. As a result of twoyear evaluation of breeding nursery samples it was revealed that there is varietal specificity of resistance to A. candida. The Carmen cultivar is more prone to disease in the generative phase, the most resistant to the pathogen is Mercado cultivar.

Итоги селекционно-семеноводческой работы с редечными культурами на Дальнем Востоке

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
V  Leunov ◽  
Y  Mikheev
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
State Register ◽  
Golden Horn ◽  
The Far East ◽  
High Yielding Varieties ◽  
Technological Methods

Расширение ассортимента потребляемых овощных культур – одна из основных задач в селекционно-семеноводческой работе с редечными культурами на Дальнем Востоке. В статье приводятся данные о селекции редечных культур (лобы, дайкона, редьки и др.) на Приморской овощной опытной станции. В результате проведения многолетних исследований и реализации ряда научных программ был создан новый исходный материал для селекции. В настоящем материале также подведены итоги актуальных направлений в селекции редечных культур в условиях муссонного климата. Селекционно-семеноводческие исследования в условиях климата Дальнего Востока с использованием индивидуального, а также индивидуально-семейственного методов отбора, разработка и внедрение технологических приемов первичного и сортового семеноводства обеспечили создание перспективного селекционного материала. Выделены ценные генисточники для создания новых сортообразцов китайского, японского и европейского подвидов редьки с высокими иммунологическими, продуктивными и товарными качествами, повышенными биохимическими показателями, высокой устойчивостью к переувлажнению почвы и возбудителями болезней. Созданы и включены в Госреестр РФ высокопродуктивные сорта китайского подвида редьки (лоба) Малиновый шар и Золотой рог, европейского подвида зимней редьки Ночная красавица, устойчивые к переувлажнению почвы и цветушности, бактериальным заболеваниям. В результате более чем двадцатилетних исследований изучены морфологические и биологические особенности формирования семенных растений редьки, использование эффективных элементов отбора в сочетании с агротехническими приемами возделывания. Усовершенствованы технологические методы первичного и товарного семеноводства редьки, выделены благоприятные агроклиматические зоны выращивания семенных растений, способствующие получению высококачественных семян при сохранении ими высоких биологических и хозяйственных признаков. Для условий муссонного климата Дальнего Востока внедрена в производство система первичного и сортового семеноводства редьки с использованием пересадочной и беспересадочной технологии выращивания. Результаты работы открывают дорогу к созданию новых высокоурожайных российских сортов и гибридов редечных культур.Expansion of the range of consumption of vegetable crops is one of the main tasks in the breeding and seed work with regions cultures in the Far East. The article presents data on the breeding radishes cultures (loba, daikon, radish, etc.) on the Maritime vegetable experiment station. As a result of years of research and implementation of a number of research programs has created a new source material for breeding. In this paper also summarize the current trends in the selection of radishes cultures in conditions of monsoonal climate. Breeding and seed research in the climate conditions of the Far East with the use of individual and individual and family methods of selection, development and implementation of technological methods of primary and varietal seed production ensured the development of advanced breeding material. Allocated valuable genitocracy to create new varieties of Chinese, Japanese and European subspecies of radishes cultures with high immunological, productive and commercial qualities, elevated biochemical parameters, high resistance to waterlogging and soil pathogens. Created and included in the state register of the Russian Federation high-yielding varieties of Chinese subspecies of radish (loba) a Crimson ball and the Golden horn, the European subspecies winter radish Night beauty, resistant to waterlogging of the soil and bolting and bacterial diseases. As a result of more than twenty years studied the morphological and biological peculiarities of formation of seed plants of radishes, the use of effective elements of selection in combination with agrotechnical methods of cultivation. Improved technological methods of primary and commercial seed radishes allocated to favorable agro-climatic zones of cultivation of seed plants, which would produce high-quality seeds while preserving their high biological and economic characteristics. For the conditions of monsoon climate of the Far East implemented in the production system of primary and varietal seed radishes using transit and non-stop growing technologies. The results of this work open the way to the creation of new high-yielding Russian varieties and hybrids of radishes cultures.

Оригинальное семеноводство овощных корнеплодных культур в Московской области

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A  Khovrin ◽  
M  Ibragimbekov ◽  
R  Bagrov
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Seed Growing ◽  
In Cells

Даны результаты оригинального первичного семеноводства корнеплодных культур в изоляторах в селекционно-семеноводческом центре агрохолдинга «Поиск» (Раменский район Московской области). Описаны технологические особенности процесса семеноводства, представлен видовой состав болезней и вредителей семенных растений в условиях исследований.The results of the original primary seed growing of root crops in cells at breeding and seed production centre of Poisk Agro Holding (Ramensky district, Moscow region) are given. Technological peculiarities of the process of seed production, species composition of pests and diseases of seed plants in terms of research are presented.

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