scholarly journals Effects of passage through the digestive tract on incretin secretion: Before and after birth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Tomotaki ◽  
Ryosuke Araki ◽  
Kouji Motokura ◽  
Yutaro Tomobe ◽  
Takeru Yamauchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Incretin Secretion

scholarly journals Effect of intraruminal infusion of potassium on the site of magnesium absorption within the digestive tract in sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. DALLEY ◽  
P. ISHERWOOD ◽  
A. R. SYKES ◽  
A. B. ROBSON
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Cerium Chloride ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
Absorption Increase ◽  
High K ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Lincoln University ◽  
Female Sheep

Sixteen 2-year old female sheep were fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulae at Johnstone Memorial Laboratory, Lincoln University during 1989–90. They were offered, at 2 hourly intervals, a pelleted concentrate diet (900 g/day) and chaffed lucerne hay (100 g/day). In a split-plot experiment they were infused, intraruminally and at four rates, with potassium (providing 16, 26, 36 or 46 g K/kg food DM/day) and magnesium (providing 1·3, 1·8, 2·3 or 3·1 g Mg/kg food DM/day) within a Latin square design and with the liquid and solid phase markers 51chromium EDTA and 141cerium chloride. Net absorption of Mg before and after the duodenum was estimated from dietary intake, duodenal flow and urinary and faecal excretion of Mg.Increasing K intake resulted in a decline in net absorption of Mg from the entire digestive tract, supporting data in the literature. Increasing K intake from 16 to 46 g/kg DM decreased urinary Mg excretion by between 0·14 and 0·30 g/day, the extent of which was independent of the level of Mg intake. At high K intake Mg absorption from the rumen was reduced, the amount absorbed ranging from 0·07 g Mg/day at intakes of 1·3 g Mg/day and 46 g K/kg DM/day to 0·66 g Mg/day at intakes of 3·1 g Mg/day and 16 g K/kg DM/day. However, at high K intake, and when Mg absorption from the rumen was reduced, net Mg absorption from sites distal to the rumen was increased to an extent which suggested compensatory absorption. Increase in K intake was associated with a consistent reduction in plasma Mg concentration which was independent of Mg intake. Increases in Mg intake resulted in increases in Mg absorption and plasma Mg concentration at all rates of K intake in direct proportion to rate of intake. The reduction in Mg absorption from the rumen at high K intake was associated with an increase (0·3 units) in pH of rumen digesta.

INFORMATION NEEDS OF DIGESTIVE TRACT SURGERY PATIENTS BEFORE AND AFTER THE SURGERY: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF WESTERN LITHUANIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Lina Gedrime ◽  
Natalja Istomina-Fatkulina ◽  
Indre Brasaite ◽  
Sanna Salanterä
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

The aim of this study was to describe the information needs of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery in Western Lithuania. Methods. This data were collected from patients of three Klaipeda city hospitals performing digestive tract surgeries in January – March 2015. The interview responses (n = 86) were analyzed inductively with thematic content analysis. Results. The interview revealed lack of information about disease, treatment and nursing care. The participants expressed fear and worries about their forthcoming surgery, anesthesia, pain, the ways of pain management, possible complications and their prevention as well as the future concerning their disease in general. Conclusions. The results show that the participants had not got enough information about treatment, nursing, anesthesia, rehabilitation, wound care or about post-surgery period. Instead they felt fear and anxiety. The participants were not included into treatment and nursing processes. According to the participants’ responses, the information needs were different before and after the surgery. Lack of information prevents patients from acting self-dependently in their care. Practice implications. Patient oriented approach to patient education and innovative ways of information delivery are needed in Lithuanian nursing care of patient’s having a gastrointestinal surgery. 

scholarly journals Imaging in the Evaluation of Endoscopic or Surgical Treatment for Achalasia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Diego Palladino ◽  
Andrea Mardighian ◽  
Marilina D’Amora ◽  
Luca Roberto ◽  
Francesco Lassandro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Endoscopic Treatment ◽  
Heller Myotomy ◽  
Esophageal Achalasia ◽  
Pneumatic Dilation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Operative Risk ◽  
The Mean

Purpose.Aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of the endoscopic (pneumatic dilation) versus surgical (Heller myotomy) treatment in patients affected by esophageal achalasia using barium X-ray examination of the digestive tract performed before and after the treatment.Materials and Methods.19 patients (10 males and 9 females) were enrolled in this study; each patient underwent a barium X-ray examination to evaluate the esophageal diameter and the height of the barium column before and after endoscopic or surgical treatment.Results.The mean variation of oesophageal diameter before and after treatment is −2.1 mm for surgery and 1.74 mm for pneumatic dilation (OR 0.167, CI 95% 0.02–1.419, andP: 0.10). The variations of all variables, with the exception of the oesophageal diameter variation, are strongly related to the treatment performed.Conclusions.The barium X-ray study of the digestive tract, performed before and after different treatment approaches, demonstrates that the surgical treatment has to be considered as the treatment of choice of achalasia, reserving endoscopic treatment to patients with high operative risk and refusing surgery.

scholarly journals Reducing the dosing frequency of selective digestive tract decontamination to three times daily provides effective decontamination of Gram-negative bacteria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jara R. de la Court ◽  
Kim C. E. Sigaloff ◽  
Thomas Groot ◽  
Johan I. van der Spoel ◽  
Rogier P. Schade
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selective Digestive Tract Decontamination ◽  
Dosing Frequency ◽  
Before And After

AbstractThis study evaluated the effectiveness of selective digestive tract decontamination (SDD) application three times daily (t.i.d.) compared to the standard four times daily (q.i.d.). Retrospective equivalence (combined non-inferiority and non-superiority design) study with a before-and-after design on a tertiary ICU in which the SDD frequency was reduced from q.i.d. to t.i.d. All patients with ICU admissions ≥72h and with ≥2 surveillance cultures collected on different dates were included in this study. We compared successful decontamination of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Furthermore, time to decontamination, ICU-acquired GNB bacteraemia and 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups. In total 1958 ICU admissions (1236 q.i.d., 722 t.i.d). Decontamination was achieved during the first week of admission in 77% and 76% of patients receiving SDD q.i.d and t.i.d., respectively. Successful decontamination within 14 days (without consecutive acquisition of Gram-negative bacteria) was achieved in 69.3% of the admissions with q.i.d. versus 66.8% in t.i.d. SDD (p-value = 0.2519). The proportions of successful decontamination of GNB were equivalent in both groups (−0.025, 98% CI: −0.087; 0.037). There was no significant difference in time to decontamination between the two regimens (log-rank test p-value = 0.55). Incidence (episodes/1000 days) of ICU-acquired GNB bacteraemia was 0.9 in both groups, and OR for death at day 28 in the t.i.d. group compared to the q.i.d. group was 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.80–1.21). This study shows that a t.i.d. application regimen achieves similar outcomes to the standard q.i.d. regime, for both microbiological and clinical outcome measures.

scholarly journals Adaptive changes of gastro-entero-pancreatic system endocrine cells in the black-spotted pond frog Rana nigromaculata after fasting

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Hongzhen Pan ◽  
Honghong Chen ◽  
Lianjiu Zhu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Changchun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Endocrine Cells ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Rana Nigromaculata ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Immunostaining ◽  
Cytoplasmic Processes

Abstract Changes in distribution density, morphology and secretory content of endocrine cells in the gastro- entero-pancreatic system of black-spotted frogs Rana nigromaculata before and after fasting were investigated using immunohistochemistry and antisera to six gut hormones. Six types of endocrine cells were detected in the digestive tract of Rana nigromaculata, including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), gastrin (GAS), somatostatin (SOM), glucagon (GLU), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) cells. After fasting, the density of 5-HT cells in the esophagus, cardia and fundus, GAS cells in the fundus and pylorus, PP cells in the fundus decreased significantly (P < 0.01), while SOM cells in the cardia, GLU cells in the rectum increased significantly (P < 0.01). The cytoplasmic processes of 5-HT cells became shorter or not detectable. The secretory content of GAS cells reduced in the cardia. The positive immunostaining reaction in the perinuclear region of SOM cells in the cardia, fundus and pylorus became weaker, while the staining intensity in the periphery of these cells became stronger. VIP cells were not detectable in the whole digestive tract after fasting. Five types of endocrine cells were found in the pancreas of Rana nigromaculata, including 5-HT, GAS, SOM, GLU and PP cells. After fasting, the density of 5-HT cells decreased slightly (P > 0.05), while SOM, GAS, GLU and PP cells increased significantly (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the secretory content of GLU cells increased significantly. Considering their functionalities, our results indicate that the changes of GEP endocrine cells in Rana nigromaculata responded adaptively to starvation-induced stress.

Increased postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production after endoscopic gastrointestinal bypass using the Cousin lumen-apposing stent in a porcine model

Endoscopy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Caiazzo ◽  
Julien Branche ◽  
Mehdi Daoudi ◽  
Gilles Solecki ◽  
Thomas Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Endoscopic Techniques ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Less Invasive Approach ◽  
Incretin Secretion ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Transgastric Approach ◽  
Gastrointestinal Bypass

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic techniques have demonstrated their effectiveness in metabolic surgery, notably through a gastrointestinal (GI) liner, with a less invasive approach than conventional surgery. Our study evaluates the safety and efficacy of endoscopic GI anastomosis (EGIA) using a lumen-apposing stent to secure the anastomosis. Materials and methods EGIA was performed using the transgastric approach with a two-channel endoscope with a novel stent (Cousin Biotech). First, a safety study with a follow-up of 12 months was performed on five piglets. Then, metabolic changes were investigated in a minipig model (n = 10) before and after EGIA or open GIA (OGIA). Results EGIA was technically successful with no complications observed during clinical monitoring. Endoscopic and postmortem examinations during the second part of study showed a secure anastomosis between the stomach and the intestinal limb in all except one minipig. Both minipigs subjected to EGIA and those in the control group (OGIA) exhibited increased postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) production (incretin secretion) and impaired D-xylose absorption (malabsorption effect). Conclusion Performing EGIA with this dedicated stent appears safe, technically feasible, durable, and reproducible in providing a simple and effective endoscopic GI bypass capable of ensuring metabolic effect.

scholarly journals Information needs of digestive tract surgery patients before and after surgery: an exploratory study of western Lithuania.

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-16
Author(s):  
Lina Gedrime ◽  
Natalja Istomina-Fatkulina ◽  
Indre Brasaite ◽  
Sanna Salanterä
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Operative Care ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fear And Anxiety

Background: Information has a distinct value for operative care from the perspective of both the patient and the professional. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to describe the information needs of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery in western Lithuania. Material and methods: The data was collected from patients at three Klaipeda city hospitals performing digestive tract surgeries from January through March 2015. The interview responses (n = 86) were analyzed inductively with thematic content analysis. Results: The interviews revealed a lack of information about disease, treatment and nursing care. The participants expressed fear and worries about their forthcoming surgery, anesthesia, pain, methods of pain management, possible complications and their prevention as well as their prognosis. Conclusions: The results show that the participants lacked information about treatment, nursing, anesthesia, rehabilitation, wound care or about post-surgery period. Instead they felt fear and anxiety. The participants were excluded from treatment and nursing processes. According to the participants, their information needs were different before and after the surgery. Lack of information prevents patients from acting self-dependently in their care.

scholarly journals Reducing the Dosing Frequency of Selective Digestive Tract Decontamination to Three Times Daily Provides Effective Decontamination of Potentially Pathogenic Micro-Organisms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jara Rebekka de la Court ◽  
Kim C.E. Sigaloff ◽  
Thomas Groot ◽  
Johan I. van der Spoel ◽  
Rogier P. Schade
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selective Digestive Tract Decontamination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Micro Organisms

Abstract PurposeThis study evaluated the effectiveness of selective digestive tract decontamination (SDD) application three times daily (t.i.d.) compared to the standard four times daily (q.i.d.).MethodsRetrospective equivalence study with a before-and-after design on a tertiary ICU in which the SDD frequency was reduced from q.i.d. to t.i.d. All patients with ICU admissions ≥72h, and with ≥2 surveillance cultures collected on different dates were included in this study. We compared successful decontamination of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Furthermore, time to decontamination, ICU-acquired GNB bacteraemia and 28-day mortality were compared between the two groups. ResultsIn total 1958 ICU admissions (1236 q.i.d., 722 t.i.d). Decontamination was achieved during the first week of admission in 77% and 76% of patients receiving SDD q.i.d and t.i.d., respectively. Successful decontamination within 14 days (without consecutive acquisition of Gram-negative bacteria) was achieved in 69.3.% of the admissions with q.i.d. versus 66.8% in t.i.d. SDD (p-value = 0.2519). The proportions of successful decontamination of GNB were equivalent in both groups (-0.025, 98% CI: -0.087; 0.037). There was no significant difference in time to decontamination between the two regimens (log-rank test p-value = 0.55). Incidence (episodes/1000 days) of ICU-acquired GNB bacteraemia was 0.9 in both groups and OR for death at day 28 in the t.i.d. group compared to the q.i.d. group was 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.21). ConclusionsThis study shows that a t.i.d. application regimen provides equally effective SDD compared to the standard q.i.d. regime, for both microbiological and clinical outcome measures.

scholarly journals Produksi dan Pemurnian Xilooligosakarida dari Xilan Tongkol Jagung menggunakan Xilanase Streptomyces P26B4 dan Khamir IP4

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-317
Author(s):  
Andika Susantri ◽  
Titi Candra Sunarti ◽  
Anja Meryandini
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Degree Of Polymerization ◽  
Sugar Component ◽  
Corn Cobs ◽  
Xylan Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are sugar oligomers from xylan that can be used as prebiotics to improve digestive tract health. Xylan can be extracted from corncobs which are a by-product of agriculture. The purpose of this study was to produce XOS through hydrolysis of corn cobs xylan using Streptomyces P26B4 xylanase. The products of hydrolysis also consisted of monomer xylose; for that xilooligosaccharides were purified using yeast IP4. The xylan hydrolysis products are quantitatively analyzed based on the value of reducing sugars and degree of polymerization (DP), strengthened qualitatively with TLC. Sugar component was analyzed after the addition of yeast by HPLC. P26B4 xylanase isolates had the highest activity on the 7th day incubation, pH 5,5 buffer citrate and temperature of 50°C. The lowest DP value of xylan hydrolysis was 2.49 at a concentration of 6%, and the 24th hour of incubation. TLC chromatograms showed that xylose and XOS products were produced. Purification of XOS at 6%, showed a decreasing in the area of xylose before and after receiving yeast respectively 1.87% and 1.41%.Therefore, yeast IP4 has the potential to consume xylose amnd purify the XOS.  Keywords: corncobs xylan, IP4 yeast, purification, Streptomyces P26B4 xylanase, xylooligosaccharides

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