Soil-dwelling insect pests of tree crops in Sub-Saharan Africa, problems and management strategies-A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 539-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Ambele ◽  
H. B. Bisseleua Daghela ◽  
O. O. Babalola ◽  
S. Ekesi
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tree Crops ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Precision Agriculture for Resource Use Efficiency in Smallholder Farming Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1158
Author(s):  
Cecilia M. Onyango ◽  
Justine M. Nyaga ◽  
Johanna Wetterlind ◽  
Mats Söderström ◽  
Kristin Piikki
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
English Language ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Sub Saharan

Opportunities exist for adoption of precision agriculture technologies in all parts of the world. The form of precision agriculture may vary from region to region depending on technologies available, knowledge levels and mindsets. The current review examined research articles in the English language on precision agriculture practices for increased productivity among smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa. A total of 7715 articles were retrieved and after screening 128 were reviewed. The results indicate that a number of precision agriculture technologies have been tested under SSA conditions and show promising results. The most promising precision agriculture technologies identified were the use of soil and plant sensors for nutrient and water management, as well as use of satellite imagery, GIS and crop-soil simulation models for site-specific management. These technologies have been shown to be crucial in attainment of appropriate management strategies in terms of efficiency and effectiveness of resource use in SSA. These technologies are important in supporting sustainable agricultural development. Most of these technologies are, however, at the experimental stage, with only South Africa having applied them mainly in large-scale commercial farms. It is concluded that increased precision in input and management practices among SSA smallholder farmers can significantly improve productivity even without extra use of inputs.

Tracing the distribution of natural enemies of non-native invasive eucalypt insect pests in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Mesfin Wondafrash ◽  
Bernard Slippers ◽  
Birhane A Asfaw ◽  
Idea A Makowe ◽  
Herbert Jenya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Native Invasive

scholarly journals Water flow pathways and the water balance within a head-water catchment containing a dambo: inferences drawn from hydrochemical investigations

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. McCartney ◽  
C. Neal
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Flow Paths ◽  
Headwater Catchments ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Flow Pathways ◽  
Water Catchment

Abstract. Dambos, seasonally saturated wetlands, are widespread in headwater catchments in sub-Saharan Africa. It is widely believed that they play an important role in regional hydrology but, despite research conducted over the last 25 years, their hydrological functions remain poorly understood. To improve conceptualisation of hydrological flow paths and investigate the water balance of a small Zimbabwean catchment containing a single dambo, measurements of alkalinity and chloride in different water types within the catchment have been used as chemical markers. The temporal variation in alkalinity is consistent with the premise that all stream water, including the prolonged dry season recession, is derived predominantly from shallow sources. The proposition that dry season recession flows are maintained by water travelling at depth within the underlying saprolite is not substantiated. There is evidence that a low permeability clay lens, commonly present in many dambos, acts as a barrier for vertical water exchange. However, the highly heterogeneous chemical composition of different waters precludes quantitative hydrograph split-ting using end member mixing analysis. Calculation of the chloride mass-balance confirms that, after rainfall, evaporation is the largest component of the catchment water budget. The study provides improved understanding of the hydrological functioning of dambos. Such understanding is essential for the development and implementation of sustainable management strategies for this landform.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a cry1Ab Gene for Control of Maruca vitrata (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Cowpea (Fabales: Fabaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 974-979
Author(s):  
Prince C Addae ◽  
Mohammad F Ishiyaku ◽  
Jean-Batiste Tignegre ◽  
Malick N Ba ◽  
Joseph B Bationo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Maruca Vitrata ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cry1ab Protein ◽  
Cry1ab Gene ◽  
Pod Borer ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L) Walp.] is an important staple legume in the diet of many households in sub-Saharan Africa. Its production, however, is negatively impacted by many insect pests including bean pod borer, Maruca vitrata F., which can cause 20–80% yield loss. Several genetically engineered cowpea events that contain a cry1Ab gene from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) for resistance against M. vitrata were evaluated in Nigeria, Burkina Faso, and Ghana (West Africa), where cowpea is commonly grown. As part of the regulatory safety package, these efficacy data were developed and evaluated by in-country scientists. The Bt-cowpea lines were planted in confined field trials under Insect-proof netting and artificially infested with up to 500 M. vitrata larvae per plant during bud formation and flowering periods. Bt-cowpea lines provided nearly complete pod and seed protection and in most cases resulted in significantly increased seed yield over non-Bt control lines. An integrated pest management strategy that includes use of Bt-cowpea augmented with minimal insecticide treatment for protection against other insects is recommended to control pod borer to enhance cowpea production. The insect resistance management plan is based on the high-dose refuge strategy where non-Bt-cowpea and natural refuges are expected to provide M. vitrata susceptible to Cry1Ab protein. In addition, there will be a limited release of this product until a two-toxin cowpea pyramid is released. Other than South African genetically engineered crops, Bt-cowpea is the first genetically engineered food crop developed by the public sector and approved for release in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Phosphorus management strategies to increase lowland rice yields in sub-Saharan Africa: A review

2022 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 108370
Author(s):  
Tovohery Rakotoson ◽  
Yasuhiro Tsujimoto ◽  
Tomohiro Nishigaki
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Lowland Rice ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Rice Yields ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Genomic Prediction of Tropical Maize Resistance to Fall Armyworm and Weevils: Genomic Selection Should Focus on Effective Training Set Determination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arfang Badji ◽  
Lewis Machida ◽  
Daniel Bomet Kwemoi ◽  
Frank Kumi ◽  
Dennis Okii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Fall Armyworm ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Training Set ◽  
Maize Weevil ◽  
Maize Resistance ◽  
Sub Saharan

Genomic selection (GS) can accelerate variety release by shortening variety development phase when factors that influence prediction accuracies (PA) of genomic prediction (GP) models such as training set (TS) size and relationship with the breeding set (BS) are optimized beforehand. In this study, PAs for the resistance to fall armyworm (FAW) and maize weevil (MW) in a diverse tropical maize panel composed of 341 double haploid and inbred lines were estimated. Both phenotypic best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) and estimators (BLUEs) were predicted using 17 parametric, semi-parametric, and nonparametric algorithms with a 10-fold and 5 repetitions cross-validation strategy. n. For both MW and FAW resistance datasets with an RBTS of 37%, PAs achieved with BLUPs were at least as twice as higher than those realized with BLUEs. The PAs achieved with BLUPs for MW resistance traits: grain weight loss (GWL), adult progeny emergence (AP), and number of affected kernels (AK) varied from 0.66 to 0.82. The PAs were also high for FAW resistance RBTS datasets, varying from 0.694 to 0.714 (for RBTS of 37%) to 0.843 to 0.844 (for RBTS of 85%). The PAs for FAW resistance with PBTS were generally high varying from 0.83 to 0.86, except for one dataset that had PAs ranging from 0.11 to 0.75. GP models showed generally similar predictive abilities for each trait while the TS designation was determinant. There was a highly positive correlation (R=0.92***) between TS size and PAs for the RBTS approach while, for the PBTS, these parameters were highly negatively correlated (R=-0.44***), indicating the importance of the degree of kinship between the TS and the BS with the smallest TS (31%) achieving the highest PAs (0.86). This study paves the way towards the use of GS for maize resistance to insect pests in sub-Saharan Africa.

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