Correlates of elemental-isotopic composition of stream fishes: the importance of land-use, species identity and body size

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 944-960
Author(s):  
C. G. Montaña ◽  
C. M. Schalk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Species Identity

scholarly journals Size Matters, but Species Do Not: No Evidence for Species-Specific Swimming Performance in Co-Occurring Great Basin Stream Fishes

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 2570
Author(s):  
John R. Aedo ◽  
Keith R. Otto ◽  
Russell B. Rader ◽  
Rollin H. Hotchkiss ◽  
Mark C. Belk
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Fish Passage ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Critical Measure ◽  
Species Specific

For fishes, swimming performance is an important predictor of habitat use and a critical measure for the design of effective fish passage systems. Few studies have examined burst and prolonged types of swimming performance among several co-occurring species, and swimming performance in many fish communities is undocumented. In this study, we characterize both burst (c-start velocity) and prolonged speed (critical swim speed) across a poorly documented, co-occurring group of stream fishes within the Great Basin of the western USA. We documented the variation in swim speed associated with species, habitat, and body size. Body size had an overwhelming effect on both burst speed and prolonged speed, whereas habitat use and species identity were not significant predictors. Among species, there is no evidence of a trade-off between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed. Lack of a trade-off in performance between burst swim speed and prolonged swim speed among species may be due to unexpectedly high prolonged swim speeds exhibited by species that used substrate-bracing behaviors. Incorporating body size and variation in behavior, such as substrate-bracing behaviors, into fish passage models will likely be sufficient to ensure the passage of all species without the need to account for species-specific swimming abilities. However, these results characterize the swimming performance for threatened and common fish species such that other comparisons can be made and species-specific studies can access accurate data.

scholarly journals Pup ultrasonic isolation calls of six gerbil species and the relationship between acoustic traits and body size

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 201558
Author(s):  
Julia D. Kozhevnikova ◽  
Ilya A. Volodin ◽  
Alexandra S. Zaytseva ◽  
Olga G. Ilchenko ◽  
Elena V. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Peak Frequency ◽  
Meriones Unguiculatus ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Acoustic Adaptation ◽  
Ultrasonic Calls ◽  
The Relationship

Among Gerbillinae rodents, ultrasonic calls of adults of small-sized species are typically higher frequency than those of adults of large-sized species. This study investigates whether a similar relationship can be found in pups of six gerbil species ( Dipodillus campestris , Gerbillus perpallidus , Meriones unguiculatus , Meriones vinogradovi , Sekeetamys calurus and Pachyuromys duprasi ). We compared the average values of acoustic variables (duration, fundamental and peak frequency) of ultrasonic calls (20 calls per pup, 1200 in total) recorded from 6- to 10-day-old pups (10 pups per species, 60 in total) isolated for 2 min at 22°C and then weighed and measured for body variables. The longest calls (56 ± 33 ms) were found in the largest species, and the highest frequency calls (74.8 ± 5.59 kHz) were found in the smallest species. However, across species, call duration (ranging from 56 to 159 ms among species) did not display a significant relationship with pup body size; and, among frequency variables, only the minimum fundamental frequency depended on pup body size. Discriminant analysis assigned 100% of calls to the correct species. The effect of species identity on the acoustics was stronger than the effect of body size. We discuss these results with the hypotheses of acoustic adaptation, social complexity, hearing ranges and phylogeny.

Diversity and body size of dung beetles attracted to different dung types along a tropical land-use gradient in Sulawesi, Indonesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahabuddin ◽  
Purnama Hidayat ◽  
Sjafrida Manuwoto ◽  
Woro A. Noerdjito ◽  
Teja Tscharntke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Habitat Disturbance ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Land Use Intensity ◽  
Habitat Types

Abstract:Dung beetles are a functionally important component of most terrestrial ecosystems, but communities change with habitat disturbance and deforestation. In this study, we tested if dung beetle ensembles on dung of introduced cattle and of the endemic anoa, a small buffalo, are affected differentially by habitat disturbance. Therefore, we exposed 10 pitfall traps, five baited with anoa and five baited with cattle dung, per site in six habitat types ranging from natural and selectively logged rain forest to three types of agroforestry system (characterized by different management intensity) and open areas (n = 4 replicate sites per habitat type) at the margin of Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. We found 28 species, 43% of which were endemic to Sulawesi. Species richness, abundance and biomass declined from natural forest towards open area. Large-bodied species appeared to be more sensitive to habitat disturbance and the ratio of large to small-sized dung beetles declined with land-use intensity. Although selectively logged forest and cocoa agroforestry systems had lower species richness compared with natural forest, they appeared to maintain a high portion of species originally inhabiting forest sites. The similarity of dung beetle ensembles recorded at forest and agroforestry sites reflects the high similarity of some habitat variables (e.g. vegetation structure and microclimate) between both habitat types compared with open areas. Species richness and abundances as well as species composition, which was characterized by decreases in mean body size, changed with land-use intensity, indicating that dung type is less important than habitat type for determining ensemble structure of these Indonesian dung beetles.

scholarly journals Climate change and intensive land use reduce soil animal biomass via dissimilar pathways

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Yin ◽  
Julia Siebert ◽  
Nico Eisenhauer ◽  
Martin Schädler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Soil Animal ◽  
Soil Microarthropods ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Intensive Land Use

Global change drivers, such as climate change and land use, may profoundly influence body size, density, and biomass of soil organisms. However, it is still unclear how these concurrent drivers interact in affecting ecological communities. Here, we present the results of an experimental field study assessing the interactive effects of climate change and land-use intensification on body size, density, and biomass of soil microarthropods. We found that the projected climate change and intensive land use decreased their total biomass. Strikingly, this reduction was realized via two dissimilar pathways: climate change reduced mean body size and intensive land use decreased density. These findings highlight that two of the most pervasive global change drivers operate via different pathways when decreasing soil animal biomass. These shifts in soil communities may threaten essential ecosystem functions like organic matter turnover and nutrient cycling in future ecosystems.

Community Ecology of Stream Fishes: Concepts, Approaches, and Techniques

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Stoichiometry ◽  
Ecosystem Dynamics ◽  
Nutrient Ratios ◽  
Stream Fish ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Resource Interactions

<em>Abstract</em>.—Ecological stoichiometry refers to the relative availability of elements in ecosystems as both an influence upon and result of ecological interactions. Nutrient ratios have long been analyzed in primary producers, but their application to animals is more recent. Here, we summarize the ecological stoichiometry framework and highlight three key contexts in stream fish ecology: body stoichiometry, dietary stoichiometry, and roles in ecosystem nutrient cycling. Elemental demands for growth depend directly upon the stoichiometry of carbon and nutrients in body tissues. Body stoichiometry varies widely among the dozens of stream fish species for which data are available and exhibits some phylogenetic and size-based patterns. Due to the variety of foods consumed by stream fishes, the stoichiometry of their diets also varies widely. Consuming foods with high carbon:nutrient ratios can produce phosphorus-limited growth in algivores and potentially in insectivores as well. These expectations contrast with the prevailing belief that energy intake is the key nutritional control on growth of most fishes. Ingested nutrients that are not incorporated into body tissues must be defecated or excreted. These waste products can be a critical component of ecosystem nutrient cycles and offer the opportunity for species identity to affect ecosystem functioning. We argue that ecological stoichiometry provides an integrative framework for merging perspectives across individual, population, community, and ecosystem levels. Broader application of this approach to stream fishes will offer particular insight into consumer–resource interactions and ecosystem dynamics.

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