LARGE PROSPECTIVE STUDY FINDS NO ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND BREAST CANCER BUT INCREASED RISK FOR CERVICAL CANCER

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Bond
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Large Prospective Study ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals The risk of breast, cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancer in oral contraceptive users

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 657-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Veljkovic ◽  
Slavimir Veljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction. Oral contraceptives, mainly combined monophasic pills, are widely used by young women who expect their physicians to prescribe them safe drugs which will not harm their health and which will simplify their life. Numerous epidemiologic studies have been performed to determine the relation between oral contraceptive use and the development of neoplasms. Breast cancer. An increased incidence of breast cancer has occurred simultaneously with the growing use of oral contraceptives. The possibility of a link between the oral contraceptive use and breast cancer has led to intensive research, but studies have provided inconsistent results causing confusion among clinicians. It was noticed that the risk of breast cancer was slightly elevated in current and recent young oral contraceptives users. That finding could be influenced by a detection bias or could be due to the biologic effect of the pills. The absolute number of additional breast cancer cases will be very small because of low baseline incidence of the disease in young women. Oral contraceptives probably promote growth of the already existing cancer, they are probably promoters not initiators of breast cancer. The available data do not provide a conclusive answer that is need. Cervical cancer. Numerous factors may influence the development of cervical cancer. The evidence suggests that current and recent oral contraceptive users have an increased risk of cervical cancer which decline after discontinuation of the application of medication. Oral contraceptives might increase the biological vulnerability of the cervix. Cervical cancer develops slowly over a long time period and can be effectively prevented by periodic cervical screening. Fortunately, oral contraceptives do not mask abnormal cervical citology. Conclusions regarding invasive cervical cancer and oral contraceptive use are not definitive but if there is any increased risk, it is low. Endometrial cancer. In oral contraceptive users the endometrium is almost under the influence of progestin component which suppresses endometrial mitotic activity and its proliferation. Most epidemiologic studies show that oral contraceptives reduce the risk of endometrial cancer and that this protective effect exists many years after the discontinuation of medication. Ovarian cancer. It has been long known that the oral contraceptive use causes protective an ovulation and reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. This powerful reduction is the best demonstrated major benefit of oral contraception. This protection is especially observed in nulliparous and seems to persist for many years after the discontinuation of medication.

scholarly journals Oral Contraceptive Use and Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study of Young Women

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2496-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Hunter ◽  
Graham A. Colditz ◽  
Susan E. Hankinson ◽  
Susan Malspeis ◽  
Donna Spiegelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
A Prospective Study

Prospective Study of Oral Contraceptive Use and Risk of Breast Cancer in Women

1989 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 1313-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Romieu ◽  
W. C. Willett ◽  
G. A. Colditz ◽  
M. J. Stampfer ◽  
B. Rosner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use

Polymorphisms in the protein C gene as risk factor for venous thrombosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 101 (01) ◽  
pp. 62-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Doggen ◽  
Hans Vos ◽  
Pieter Reitsma ◽  
Frits Rosendaal ◽  
Elisabeth Pomp
Keyword(s):  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Protein C ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Factor V Leiden ◽  
Factor V ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use ◽  
Increased Risk

SummaryProtein C is an important inhibitor of blood coagulation. We investigated the effect of two polymorphisms within the promoter region of the protein C gene (C/T at position 2405 and A/G at position 2418) on risk of venous thrombosis and on plasma protein C levels. In addition the combined effect of the two polymorphisms with factor V Leiden and oral contraceptive use was investigated. Previous studies on these polymorphisms were small and were not able to investigate synergistic effects. In the Multiple Environmental and Genetic Assessment of risk factors for venous thrombosis (MEGA study), protein C levels were determined in 2,043 patients with venous thrombosis and 2,857 control subjects, and the two polymorphisms in 4,285 patients and 4,863 control subjects. The CC/GG genotype was associated with the lowest protein C levels. Compared to carriers of the TT/AA genotype – a genotype associated with higher protein C levels – the risk of venous thrombosis in CC/GG carriers was 1.3-fold increased (95% confidence interval 1.09–1.48). The combination of factor V Leiden with the CC/GG genotype led to a 4.7-fold increased risk, compared to non-carriers with the TT/AA genotype. Oral contraceptive use together with the CC/ GG genotype resulted in a 5.2-fold increased risk. In conclusion, the CC/GG genotype is associated with lower levels of protein C and an elevated risk of venous thrombosis compared to the TT/AA genotype. There is no clear synergistic effect of the CC/ GG genotype with factor V Leiden or oral contraceptive use on thrombotic risk.

Oral contraceptive use and risk of breast cancer in older women (New Zealand)

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Paul ◽  
David C. G. Skegg ◽  
George F. S. Spears
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Oral Contraceptive ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use
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