scholarly journals Adaptive Identification of Cortical and Subcortical Imaging Markers of Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Salminen ◽  
Rajendra A. Morey ◽  
Brandalyn C. Riedel ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Adaptive Identification ◽  
Imaging Markers

Neuroimmunoendocrine Interactions in Patients with Recurrent Major Depression, Increased Early Life Stress and Long-Standing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Pestana Lopes ◽  
Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira ◽  
Lettícia R. de Almeida ◽  
Lilian Milnitsky Stein ◽  
Clarice Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

scholarly journals Adaptive Identification of Cortical and Subcortical Imaging Markers of Early Life Stress and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Salminen ◽  
Rajendra A. Morey ◽  
Brandalyn C. Riedel ◽  
Neda Jahanshad ◽  
Emily L. Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Intracranial Volume

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous condition associated with a range of brain imaging abnormalities. Early life stress (ELS) contributes to this heterogeneity, but we do not know how a history of ELS influences traditionally defined brain signatures of PTSD. Here we used a novel machine learning method - evolving partitions to improve classification (EPIC) - to identify shared and unique structural neuroimaging markers of ELS and PTSD in 97 combat-exposed military veterans.MethodsWe used EPIC with repeated cross-validation to determine how combinations of cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical brain volumes could contribute to classification of PTSD (n=40) versus controls (n=57), and classification of ELS within the PTSD (ELS+ n=16; ELS-n=24) and control groups (ELS+ n=16; ELS- n=41). Additional inputs included intracranial volume, age, sex, adult trauma, and depression.ResultsOn average, EPIC classified PTSD with 69% accuracy (SD=5%), and ELS with 64% accuracy in the PTSD group (SD=10%), and 62% accuracy in controls (SD=6%). EPIC selected unique sets of individual features that classified each group with 75-85% accuracy in post hoc analyses; combinations of regions marginally improved classification from the individual atlas-defined brain regions. Across analyses, surface area in the right posterior cingulate was the only variable that was repeatedly selected as an important feature for classification of PTSD and ELS.ConclusionsEPIC revealed unique patterns of features that distinguished PTSD and ELS in this sample of combat-exposed military veterans, which may represent distinct biotypes of stress-related neuropathology.

scholarly journals Early Life Stress and Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Pervanidou ◽  
Gerasimos Makris ◽  
George Chrousos ◽  
Agorastos Agorastos
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Stress System ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Physical And Mental Health

Traumatic stress exposure during critical periods of development may have essential and long-lasting effects on the physical and mental health of individuals. Two thirds of youth are exposed to potentially traumatic experiences by the age of 17, and approximately 5% of adolescents meet lifetime criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The role of the stress system is the maintenance of homeostasis in the presence of real/perceived and acute/chronic stressors. Early-life stress (ELS) has an impact on neuronal brain networks involved in stress reactions, and could exert a programming effect on glucocorticoid signaling. Studies on pediatric PTSD reveal diverse neuroendocrine responses to adverse events and related long-term neuroendocrine and epigenetic alterations. Neuroendocrine, neuroimaging, and genetic studies in children with PTSD and ELS experiences are crucial in understanding risk and resilience factors, and also the natural history of PTSD.

scholarly journals Amnesia for Early Life Stress Does Not Preclude the Adult Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms in Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Poulos ◽  
Maxine Reger ◽  
Nehali Mehta ◽  
Irina Zhuravka ◽  
Sarah S. Sterlace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms

scholarly journals The role of emotion regulation as a mediator between early life stress and posttraumatic stress disorder, depression and anxiety in Syrian refugees

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaynab Demir ◽  
Kerem Böge ◽  
Yan Fan ◽  
Corinna Hartling ◽  
Mazen R. Harb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Early life stress is an important factor in later psychopathology, including symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of early life stress on psychiatric symptoms within a sample of Syrian refugees. In this model, the use of cognitive emotion regulation strategies was assessed as a potential mediator of the relationship between early life stress and current symptoms of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Bootstrap analyses were generated to test the indirect effect of emotion regulation (Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire) on the relationship between early life stress (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), PTSD (Harvard Trauma Questionnaire), depressive (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) symptoms in eighty-nine Syrian refugees resided in Germany (n = 49) and Jordan (n = 40). The indirect effect of maladaptive strategies was significant between early life stress and psychopathology, whereas the mediation effect of adaptive strategies was not significant. The findings provide an evidence that emotional dysregulation is an underlying factor affecting psychological symptoms in refugees with adverse childhood experiences. These results suggest targeting cognitive emotion regulation in prospective prevention and treatment strategies.

Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Australian Vietnam Veterans

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian I. O'toole ◽  
Richard P. Marshall ◽  
Ralph J. Schureck ◽  
Matthew Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Diagnoses ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Relative Contribution

Objective: The aims of this paper are to determine the risk factors for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and to examine the relative contribution of pre-military factors, pre-trauma psychiatric diagnoses, military factors such as combat posting, and combat and casualty stress exposure. Method: An epidemiological cohort study using standardised psychiatric, social and health interviews was undertaken with a national random sample of male Australian Army Vietnam veterans. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relative contribution of factors derived from interview and from military records in four categories: pre-enlistment circumstances including home life, education, major life stress; pre-Vietnam psychiatric diagnoses; military experiences before and during Vietnam; and combat and stress experiences. Results: Of the 128 data items examined, significant associations were found for 39, in addition to combat stress. Pre-enlistment items accounted for about 3% of the deviance towards PTSD diagnosis, pre-enlistment psychiatric diagnosis about 13%, military variables about 7% and combat stress about 18%; all factors together accounted for 42%. Conclusions: The results confirm that pre-military and military variables make only a small but significant contribution to PTSD either alone or after controlling for combat stress; that psychiatric diagnoses of depression, dysthymia and agoraphobia make strong contributions to PTSD; but that combat stress makes the largest contribution even after controlling for the effects of other variables. Psychiatric diagnoses and combat stress appear to be independent in their effects on PTSD.

Intimate Partner Violence Predicts Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Severity Independent of Early Life and Deployment-Related Trauma in Deployed Men and Women Veterans

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093851
Author(s):  
Meghan E. Pierce ◽  
Catherine Fortier ◽  
Jennifer R. Fonda ◽  
William Milberg ◽  
Regina McGlinchey
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Ptsd Severity

Intimate partner violence (IPV) refers to emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse perpetrated by a current or former partner. IPV affects both genders, though little is known about its effects on men as victims. The aims of this study were to determine if IPV is a factor contributing to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) severity independently of deployment-related trauma, and to determine if there are gender differences in these associations. Participants were 46 female and 471 male post-9/11 veterans. Four sequential regressions were employed to examine the independent contribution of IPV among multiple trauma types on PTSD severity in men and women at two epochs, post-deployment (participants were anchored to deployment-related PTSD symptoms) and current (within the past month). Models were significant for both epochs in men ( ps < .001) but not in women ( ps > .230). In men, IPV independently predicted PTSD severity in both epochs (β > .093). However, in women, early life trauma (β = .284), but not IPV was a significant and independent predictor for current PTSD. Thus, there are distinct gender differences in how trauma type contributes to PTSD symptom severity. Although the statistical models were not significant in women, we observed similar patterns of results as in men and, in some cases, the β was actually higher in women than in men, suggesting a lack of power in our analyses. More research is clearly needed to follow-up these results; however, our findings indicate that IPV is a contributing factor to PTSD severity in veterans.

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