The Relation Between Self‐Event Connections and Personality Functioning in Youth with Severe Psychopathology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth L. de Moor ◽  
Jolien Van der Graaff ◽  
Nagila Koster ◽  
Odilia M. Laceulle ◽  
Susan Branje
Keyword(s):  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Severe Psychopathology

MMPI Profile Subtypes of Incarcerated Sex Offenders Against Children

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucinda Shealy ◽  
Seth C. Kalichman ◽  
Margit C. Henderson ◽  
David Szymanowski ◽  
Geoffrey McKee
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Sexual Offenders ◽  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
The Other ◽  
Behavioral Characteristics ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Severe Psychopathology ◽  
Mmpi Profile

Sex offenders are heterogeneous in personality and behavioral characteristics. The present study was conducted to identify homogeneous subgroups of incarcerated sexual offenders against children on the basis of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Subjects were 90 men undergoing initial evaluation for a treatment program conducted through a state department of corrections. Hierarchical cluster analysis resulted in the identification of four profile subgroups. While two subgroups presented mean profiles within normal limits, the patterns indicated differences in personality functioning: one presenting signs of sociopathy and the other emotional disturbance. In contrast, the other two profile subgroups presented several scale elevations: One subgroup indicated anger and aggression and the other severe psychopathology. Both of the latter subgroups were similar to two rapist subtypes identified in previous research. Subgroups were further differentiated on the basis of psychosexual, affective, and psychosocial variables. Results suggest the existence of homogeneous subgroups of incarcerated sexual offenders against children as delineated by the MMPI.

Suicidal Behavior and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Emergency Departments Underestimated by Administrative Claims Data

Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Stanley ◽  
Glenn W. Currier ◽  
Megan Chesin ◽  
Sadia Chaudhury ◽  
Shari Jager-Hyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Departments ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Administrative Claims ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Axis I ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Severe Psychopathology

Abstract. Background: External causes of injury codes (E-codes) are used in administrative and claims databases for billing and often employed to estimate the number of self-injury visits to emergency departments (EDs). Aims: This study assessed the accuracy of E-codes using standardized, independently administered research assessments at the time of ED visits. Method: We recruited 254 patients at three psychiatric emergency departments in the United States between 2007 and 2011, who completed research assessments after presenting for suicide-related concerns and were classified as suicide attempters (50.4%, n = 128), nonsuicidal self-injurers (11.8%, n = 30), psychiatric controls (29.9%, n = 76), or interrupted suicide attempters (7.8%, n = 20). These classifications were compared with their E-code classifications. Results: Of the participants, 21.7% (55/254) received an E-code. In all, 36.7% of research-classified suicide attempters and 26.7% of research-classified nonsuicidal self-injurers received self-inflicted injury E-codes. Those who did not receive an E-code but should have based on the research assessments had more severe psychopathology, more Axis I diagnoses, more suicide attempts, and greater suicidal ideation. Limitations: The sample came from three large academic medical centers and these findings may not be generalizable to all EDs. Conclusion: The frequency of ED visits for self-inflicted injury is much greater than current figures indicate and should be increased threefold.

Self-report of Social Modulation of Emotional Expression: The Domain Emotion Expression Profile

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Hill ◽  
Sarah Jones ◽  
Lisa Williams ◽  
Jayne Morriss
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Emotional Expression ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Family Interactions ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
The Status

Cross-situational emotionality is a well-established dimension of personality, however the ability to modulate emotional expression by social domain is also a key aspect of personality functioning. We describe a self-report measure, the Domain Emotional Expression Profile (DEEP), designed to assess 5 emotions and behaviours in relation to 5 social domains, and report 2 studies. Study 1 (N = 166 students) assessed construct validity based on predictions from attachment theory regarding distress expression, and explored other emotions and domains. Study 2 (N = 279 students) tested hypotheses based on findings from Study 1 and explored the status of friendship interactions. In Study 1, mean distress-expression comfort-seeking scores in family and partner interactions were substantially higher than in work and in a social (e.g. party) situation consistent with the attachment based prediction (p < .001). In exploratory analyses mean anger expression scores were similarly higher in family and partner relationships than in work and social situations. However distress expression was higher in partner than family interactions (p = .008) which was not the case for anger expression. Study 2 replicated these findings from Study 1, and indicated an intermediate position for friendships between family and partner, and work and social interactions. We report support for the construct validity of the DEEP and replicated evidence regarding the partitioning of anger expression across domains, together with new indications of friendship processes. This method of profiling emotional expression and behaviours across social contexts offers a way of characterising individual differences, including those associated with psychopathology.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Affect Integration and Psychopathology in Patients with Personality Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 627
Author(s):  
Christina Frederiksen ◽  
Ole André Solbakken ◽  
Rasmus Wentzer Licht ◽  
Carsten René Jørgensen ◽  
Maria Rodrigo-Domingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Interpersonal Problems ◽  
Symptom Distress ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Psychotherapeutic Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Emotional Dysfunction ◽  
The Relationship

Background and Objectives: Emotional dysfunction is considered a key component in personality disorders; however, only few studies have examined the relationship between the two. In this study, emotional dysfunction was operationalized through the Affect Integration Inventory, and the aim was to examine the relationships between the level of affect integration and the levels of symptom distress, interpersonal problems, and personality functioning in patients diagnosed with personality disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. Materials and Methods: Within a hospital-based psychiatric outpatient setting, 87 patients with personality disorder referred for treatment were identified for assessment with the Affect Integration Inventory and other measures (e.g., the Symptom Checklist-90, Revised, the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems 64 circumplex version, and the Severity Indices of Personality Problems). Results: The analyses revealed that problems with affect integration were strongly and statistically significantly correlated with high levels of symptom distress, interpersonal problems, and maladaptive personality functioning. Additionally, low scores on the Affect Integration Inventory regarding discrete affects were associated with distinct and differentiated patterns of interpersonal problems. Conclusion: Taken together, emotional dysfunction, as measured by the Affect Integration Inventory, appeared to be a central component of the pathological self-organization associated with personality disorder. These findings have several implications for the understanding and psychotherapeutic treatment of personality pathology. Furthermore, they highlight the importance of considering the integration of discrete affects and their specific contributions in the conceptualization and treatment of emotional dysfunction in patients with personality disorders.

scholarly journals Three Dimensional Approaches to Personality Disorders: a Review on Personality Functioning, Personality Structure, and Personality Organization

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Hörz-Sagstetter ◽  
Ludwig Ohse ◽  
Leonie Kampe
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Personality Organization ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Categorical Classification

Abstract Purpose of Review The concept of personality functioning (Alternative DSM-5 Model of Personality Disorders) has led to increased interest in dimensional personality disorder diagnosis. While differing markedly from the current categorical classification, it is closely related to the psychodynamic concepts of personality structure and personality organization. In this review, the three dimensional approaches, their underlying models, and common instruments are introduced, and empirical studies on similarities and differences between the concepts and the categorical classification are summarized. Additionally, a case example illustrates the clinical application. Recent Findings Numerous studies demonstrate the broad empirical basis, validated assessment instruments and clinical usefulness of the dimensional concepts. Their advantages compared to the categorical approach, but also the respective differences, have been demonstrated empirically, in line with clinical observations. Summary Evidence supports the three dimensional concepts, which share conceptual overlap, but also entail unique aspects of personality pathology, respectively.

Level of Personality Functioning Scale-Brief Form 2.0--German Version

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Spitzer ◽  
Steffen Müller ◽  
André Kerber ◽  
Joost Hutsebaut ◽  
Elmar Brähler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
German Version ◽  
Personality Functioning

Transference-Focused Psychotherapy for Pathological Narcissism and Narcissistic Personality Disorder (TFP-N)

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-272
Author(s):  
Diana Diamond ◽  
Frank Yeomans ◽  
John R. Keefe
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Narcissistic Personality Disorder ◽  
Object Relations Theory ◽  
Pathological Narcissism ◽  
Personality Functioning ◽  
Therapeutic Interaction ◽  
Narcissistic Personality ◽  
Transference Focused Psychotherapy

In this article, we provide an overview of transference-focused psychotherapy for patients with pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder (TFP-N). In TFP-N we have modified and refined the tactics and techniques of TFP, an evidence-based treatment for borderline personality disorder, to meet the specific challenges of working with patients with narcissistic personality pathology whose retreat from reality into an illusory grandiosity makes them particularly difficult to engage in treatment. We first describe a model of narcissistic pathology based on considerations of psychological structure stemming from object relations theory. This model provides a unifying understanding of the core structure of narcissistic pathology, the pathological grandiose self, that underlies the impairments in self and interpersonal functioning of those with narcissistic pathology across the levels of personality organization (from high functioning to borderline to malignant). We then delineate the clinical process of working with patients with pathological narcissism and narcissistic personality disorder. Starting with the assessment process, using a detailed clinical example, we guide the reader through the progression of TFP-N as it helps the patient move from the distorted, unintegrated sense of self underlying the narcissistic presentation to the more integrated, realistic sense of self that characterizes healthier personality functioning. In TFP-N the focus on the disturbed interpersonal patterns of relating in the here and now of the therapeutic interaction is the vehicle to diminish grandiosity and improve relatedness, thereby effecting enduring changes in mental representation and real-world functioning.

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