scholarly journals Melatonin action in Plasmodium infection: Searching for molecules that modulate the asexual cycle as a strategy to impair the parasite cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro H. S. Pereira ◽  
Celia R. S. Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Asexual Cycle

Asymptomatic low-density Plasmodium infection during non-transmission season: a community-based cross-sectional study in two districts of North Eastern Region, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hari Shankar ◽  
Sobhan Phookan ◽  
Mrigendra Pal Singh ◽  
Ram Suresh Bharti ◽  
Naseem Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

Abstract Background Malaria elimination requires targeting asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infections that largely remain undetected. Therefore we conducted a cross-sectional study to estimate the burden of asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infection using conventional and molecular diagnostics. Methods A total of 9118 participants, irrespective of age and sex, were screened for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), microscopy and polymerase chain reaction. Results Among the participants, 707 presented with symptoms and 8411 without symptoms, of which Plasmodium was present in 15.6% (110/707) and 8.1% (681/8411), respectively. Low-density infection was found in 5.1% (145/2818) of participants and 8327 of 9118 were Plasmodium negative. Endemicity was propotional to asymptomatic infections (high endemicity 11.1% [404/3633] vs low endemicity 5.8% [277/4778]; odds ratio [OR] 2.0 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.7 to 2.4]) but inversely related to low-density infection (high endemicity 3.7% [57/1545] vs low endemicity 6.9% [88/1273]; OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.7]). The spleen rate in children 2–9 y of age was 17.9% (602/3368) and the enlarged spleen index was 1.6. Children between 8 and 14 y showed higher odds for asymptomatic (adjusted OR [aOR] 1.75 [95% CI 1.4 to 2.2]) and low-density infections (aOR 0.63 [95% CI 0.4 to 1.0)] than adults. Conclusions The prevalence of asymptomatic and low-density Plasmodium infection undermines the usefulness of standard diagnostic tools used by health agencies. This necessitates deploying molecular tools in areas where malaria microscopy/RDTs indicate a dearth of infection.

scholarly journals The fibrinolytic system enables the onset of Plasmodium infection in the mosquito vector and the mammalian host

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. eabe3362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Luiz Alves e Silva ◽  
Andrea Radtke ◽  
Amanda Balaban ◽  
Tales Vicari Pascini ◽  
Zarna Rajeshkumar Pala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasminogen Activators ◽  
Fibrinolytic System ◽  
Matrix Proteins ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Plasminogen Activation ◽  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Human Plasminogen ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

Plasmodium parasites must migrate across proteinaceous matrices to infect the mosquito and vertebrate hosts. Plasmin, a mammalian serine protease, degrades extracellular matrix proteins allowing cell migration through tissues. We report that Plasmodium gametes recruit human plasminogen to their surface where it is processed into plasmin by corecruited plasminogen activators. Inhibition of plasminogen activation arrests parasite development early during sexual reproduction, before ookinete formation. We show that increased fibrinogen and fibrin in the blood bolus, which are natural substrates of plasmin, inversely correlate with parasite infectivity of the mosquito. Furthermore, we show that sporozoites, the parasite form transmitted by the mosquito to humans, also bind plasminogen and plasminogen activators on their surface, where plasminogen is activated into plasmin. Surface-bound plasmin promotes sporozoite transmission by facilitating parasite migration across the extracellular matrices of the dermis and of the liver. The fibrinolytic system is a potential target to hamper Plasmodium transmission.

Parasite and Host Erythrocyte Kinomics of Plasmodium Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Adderley ◽  
Tayla Williamson ◽  
Christian Doerig
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Infection

scholarly journals Energy metabolism affects susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes to Plasmodium infection

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Henrique M. Oliveira ◽  
Renata L.S. Gonçalves ◽  
Giselle A. Oliveira ◽  
Pedro L. Oliveira ◽  
Marcus F. Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Plasmodium Infection

scholarly journals Monitoring of Plasmodium infection in humans and potential vectors of malaria in a newly emerged focus in southern Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Kalantari ◽  
Zahra Soltani ◽  
Mostafa Ebrahimi ◽  
Masoud Yousefi ◽  
Masoumeh Amin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Southern Iran

scholarly journals Impact of a malaria intervention package in schools on Plasmodium infection, anaemia and cognitive function in schoolchildren in Mali: a pragmatic cluster-randomised trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siân E Clarke ◽  
Saba Rouhani ◽  
Seybou Diarra ◽  
Renion Saye ◽  
Modibo Bamadio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Intervention Package ◽  
Malaria Intervention ◽  
Cluster Randomised

Survival of sporozoites of Leucocytozoon in birds for 11 days

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Khan ◽  
S. S. Desser ◽  
A. M. Fallis
Keyword(s):  
Successful Transmission ◽  
Asexual Cycle

Sporozoites of Leucocytozoon simondi were found in impression smears from the livers of ducks which had received sporozoites up to 114 hours previously. Sporozoites of L. dubreuili were found in impression smears of the livers of robins which had received sporozoites up to 11 days previously and in the heart of one 84 hours after it had received sporozoites. Successful transmission of these parasites by subinoculations of blood from birds which received sporozoites are reported. The persistence of sporozoites for several days in blood would explain the transmission of parasites by subinoculations of blood before completion of an asexual cycle.

STK35L1 regulates host cell cycle-related genes and is essential for Plasmodium infection during the liver stage of malaria

2021 ◽  
pp. 112764
Author(s):  
Phulwanti Kumari Sharma ◽  
Inderjeet Kalia ◽  
Vibha Kaushik ◽  
Daniela Brünnert ◽  
Afshana Quadiri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Plasmodium Infection ◽  
Liver Stage
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