scholarly journals HBV/HDV co-infection in the Western Brazilian Amazonia: an intriguing mutation among HDV genotype 3 carriers

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 921-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kay ◽  
E. Melo da Silva ◽  
H. Pedreira ◽  
S. Negreiros ◽  
C. Lobato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
Hdv Genotype

scholarly journals A Mathematical Analysis of HDV Genotypes: From Molecules to Cells

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 2063
Author(s):  
Rami Zakh ◽  
Alexander Churkin ◽  
Franziska Totzeck ◽  
Marina Parr ◽  
Tamir Tuller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Editing ◽  
Virus Replication ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Graph Representation ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Mutational Robustness ◽  
Rna Sequences ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Hepatitis D ◽  
Hdv Genotype

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is classified according to eight genotypes. The various genotypes are included in the HDVdb database, where each HDV sequence is specified by its genotype. In this contribution, a mathematical analysis is performed on RNA sequences in HDVdb. The RNA folding predicted structures of the Genbank HDV genome sequences in HDVdb are classified according to their coarse-grain tree-graph representation. The analysis allows discarding in a simple and efficient way the vast majority of the sequences that exhibit a rod-like structure, which is important for the virus replication, to attempt to discover other biological functions by structure consideration. After the filtering, there remain only a small number of sequences that can be checked for their additional stem-loops besides the main one that is known to be responsible for virus replication. It is found that a few sequences contain an additional stem-loop that is responsible for RNA editing or other possible functions. These few sequences are grouped into two main classes, one that is well-known experimentally belonging to genotype 3 for patients from South America associated with RNA editing, and the other that is not known at present belonging to genotype 7 for patients from Cameroon. The possibility that another function besides virus replication reminiscent of the editing mechanism in HDV genotype 3 exists in HDV genotype 7 has not been explored before and is predicted by eigenvalue analysis. Finally, when comparing native and shuffled sequences, it is shown that HDV sequences belonging to all genotypes are accentuated in their mutational robustness and thermodynamic stability as compared to other viruses that were subjected to such an analysis.

Personhood and youth-making in contemporary Indigenous Amazonia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Kristiina Virtanen ◽  
Alessandra Severino da Silva Manchinery
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Global South ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Politics ◽  
Indigenous Youth ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
Brazilian Amazonia ◽  
University Studies ◽  
Social Belonging ◽  
Indigenous Voices

This essay looks at the construction of personhood in Brazilian Amazonia from the perspective of Indigenous youth. In Amazonian sociocosmology, personhood is constructed relationally, a process in which the body is a distinctive factor. Consequently, during schooling and university studies, young people have responded to and resisted representations and policies that have often silenced Indigenous voices and limited their fabrication of bodies. The contemporary social responsibilities of Indigenous youth and the challenges faced in undertaking them shape how their subjectivity, agency, and recognized social belonging are being constantly increased, removed, or even denied. The essay draws from anthropological theories of relational personhood, as well as ideas of geo- and body-politics present in theorizing on the Global South.

scholarly journals Advances in Hepatitis E Virus Biology and Pathogenesis

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 267
Author(s):  
Shaoli Lin ◽  
Yan-Jin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Zoonotic Infections

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the causative agents for liver inflammation across the world. HEV is a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus. Human HEV strains mainly belong to four major genotypes in the genus Orthohepevirus A, family Hepeviridae. Among the four genotypes, genotype 1 and 2 are obligate human pathogens, and genotype 3 and 4 cause zoonotic infections. HEV infection with genotype 1 and 2 mainly presents as acute and self-limiting hepatitis in young adults. However, HEV infection of pregnant women with genotype 1 strains can be exacerbated to fulminant hepatitis, resulting in a high rate of case fatality. As pregnant women maintain the balance of maternal-fetal tolerance and effective immunity against invading pathogens, HEV infection with genotype 1 might dysregulate the balance and cause the adverse outcome. Furthermore, HEV infection with genotype 3 can be chronic in immunocompromised patients, with rapid progression, which has been a challenge since it was reported years ago. The virus has a complex interaction with the host cells in downregulating antiviral factors and recruiting elements to generate a conducive environment of replication. The virus-cell interactions at an early stage might determine the consequence of the infection. In this review, advances in HEV virology, viral life cycle, viral interference with the immune response, and the pathogenesis in pregnant women are discussed, and perspectives on these aspects are presented.

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