Responsiveness and Democratic Accountability: Observational Evidence from an Experiment in a Mixed‐Member Proportional System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Breunig ◽  
Emiliano Grossman ◽  
Miriam Hänni
Keyword(s):  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Democratic Accountability

Peculiarity Parameters

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 233-254
Author(s):  
H. M. Maitzen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Rotator Model ◽  
Peculiar Behaviour ◽  
Field Spectrum ◽  
Oblique Rotator ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
The Way

Ap stars are peculiar in many aspects. During this century astronomers have been trying to collect data about these and have found a confusing variety of peculiar behaviour even from star to star that Struve stated in 1942 that at least we know that these phenomena are not supernatural. A real push to start deeper theoretical work on Ap stars was given by an additional observational evidence, namely the discovery of magnetic fields on these stars by Babcock (1947). This originated the concept that magnetic fields are the cause for spectroscopic and photometric peculiarities. Great leaps for the astronomical mankind were the Oblique Rotator model by Stibbs (1950) and Deutsch (1954), which by the way provided mathematical tools for the later handling pulsar geometries, anti the discovery of phase coincidence of the extrema of magnetic field, spectrum and photometric variations (e.g. Jarzebowski, 1960).

The effect of aerosols on fog lifetime: observational evidence and model simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuqi Yan ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Chune Shi ◽  
Duanyang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Model Simulations

The New Governance

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. W. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
British Government ◽  
New Governance ◽  
New Public ◽  
Cybernetic System ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Self Organizing

The chapter reviews the several definitions of governance: the minimal state; corporate governance; the new public management, ‘good’ governance; a socio-cybernetic system. It then stipulates a definition of governance as self-organizing, inter-organizational networks. It argues there is a trend from government to governance in British government because of the hollowing-out pressures and the tools for intergovernmental management are integral to effective steering. Policy networks are already widespread. This trend is not widely recognized and has important implications not only for the practice of British government but also for democratic accountability. Governance as self-organizing networks is a challenge to governability because the networks can become autonomous and resist central guidance. They are set fair to become the prime example of governing without government.

The Case for a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly as a Means of Promoting Just Security

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Un General Assembly ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Over Time

This chapter explores the case for a more formalized United Nations parliamentary assembly, including the potential oversight, accountability, and (ultimately) co-decision roles that such a body could play alongside the UN General Assembly. Given difficulties in expecting national parliamentarians to perform such functions continuously, a UN assembly is found to hold greater potential for promoting key UN system aims in the areas of security, justice, and democratic accountability, even as the existing Inter-Parliamentary Union continued to play some important complementary roles. Learning from relevant global and regional parliamentary bodies, the chapter outlines concrete steps toward developing a parliamentary assembly over time, including the creation of a more informal UN network of UN-focused national parliamentarians in the near term.

scholarly journals The Observational Evidence for Accretion

1997 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 391-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Large Range ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Young Stars ◽  
Young Stellar Objects ◽  
Stellar Objects ◽  
T Tauri ◽  
Accretion Rates ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Stellar Magnetospheres ◽  
Mass Ejection

Outflows from low-mass young stellar objects are thought to draw upon the energy released by accretion onto T Tauri stars. I briefly summarize the evidence for this accretion and outline present estimates of mass accretion rates. Young stars show a very large range of accretion rates, and this has important implications for both mass ejection and for the structure of stellar magnetospheres which may truncate T Tauri disks.

scholarly journals The Location of Magnetic Reconnection at Earth’s Magnetopause

2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Trattner ◽  
S. M. Petrinec ◽  
S. A. Fuselier
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Magnetic Reconnection ◽  
Ion Beams ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Magnetic Shear ◽  
General Direction ◽  
Shear Model ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractOne of the major questions about magnetic reconnection is how specific solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field conditions influence where reconnection occurs at the Earth’s magnetopause. There are two reconnection scenarios discussed in the literature: a) anti-parallel reconnection and b) component reconnection. Early spacecraft observations were limited to the detection of accelerated ion beams in the magnetopause boundary layer to determine the general direction of the reconnection X-line location with respect to the spacecraft. An improved view of the reconnection location at the magnetopause evolved from ionospheric emissions observed by polar-orbiting imagers. These observations and the observations of accelerated ion beams revealed that both scenarios occur at the magnetopause. Improved methodology using the time-of-flight effect of precipitating ions in the cusp regions and the cutoff velocity of the precipitating and mirroring ion populations was used to pinpoint magnetopause reconnection locations for a wide range of solar wind conditions. The results from these methodologies have been used to construct an empirical reconnection X-line model known as the Maximum Magnetic Shear model. Since this model’s inception, several tests have confirmed its validity and have resulted in modifications to the model for certain solar wind conditions. This review article summarizes the observational evidence for the location of magnetic reconnection at the Earth’s magnetopause, emphasizing the properties and efficacy of the Maximum Magnetic Shear Model.

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