Population genetics reveals global and regional history of the apex predator Galeocerdo cuvier (carcharhiniformes) with comments on mitigating shark attacks in north‐eastern brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia R.S. Andrade ◽  
André S. Afonso ◽  
Fábio H.V. Hazin ◽  
Fernando F. Mendonça ◽  
Rodrigo A. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Apex Predator ◽  
Galeocerdo Cuvier ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional History ◽  
Shark Attacks

scholarly journals A new cryptic species of Pithecopus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) in north-eastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 108-134
Author(s):  
Felipe Silva De Andrade ◽  
Isabelle Aquemi Haga ◽  
Johnny Sousa Ferreira ◽  
Shirlei Maria Recco-Pimentel ◽  
Luís Felipe Toledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Head Width ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Sister Clade ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Geographical Barrier ◽  
History Of

The genus of Neotropical frogs Pithecopus includes 11 species occurring east of the Andes from southern Venezuela to northern Argentina. Recent genetic approaches pointed out an unusual genetic diversity among populations from localities in north-eastern Brazil recognized as P. nordestinus. In fact, one of these studies confirmed the hypothesis that the São Francisco River acted as an effective geographical barrier during vicariant events in the evolutionary history of P. nordestinus, resulting in two principal, highly divergent clades. Herein we formally describe this divergent clade as a new cryptic species of Pithecopus from north-eastern Brazil, the sister clade of P. nordestinus. It differs from other species of Pithecopus, except for P. azureus and P. nordestinus, by its small body size, lack of the reticulate pattern on flanks, smaller head width, and advertisement calls generally composed of a three-pulsed core.

scholarly journals Food and nutrition insecurity: a marker of vulnerability to asthma symptoms

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita de Cássia Ribeiro-Silva ◽  
Ana Marlúcia Oliveira-Assis ◽  
Samuel Badaró Junqueira ◽  
Rosemeire Leovigildo Fiaccone ◽  
Sandra Maria Chaves dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
International Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Food And Nutrition ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association between food and nutrition insecurity and asthma in children from Latin America.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingSão Francisco do Conde, Bahia, north-eastern Brazil.SubjectsThe study included 1307 children aged 6–12 years from public elementary schools. Asthma symptoms were collected using a questionnaire that was translated and adapted from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, phase III. The diagnosis of asthma was determined based on reports of wheezing in the previous 12 months. The Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale was used to identify food insecurity. We also obtained demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric information for each participant. We used multivariate logistic regression analyses to assess the associations of interest.ResultsOf the children surveyed, 10·4 % had a history of wheezing and 64·5 % had some degree of food and nutrition insecurity. We found a positive dose–response relationship and statistically significant associations of asthma with moderate (OR = 1·71, 95 % CI 1·01, 2·89) and severe (OR = 2·51, 95 % CI 1·28, 4·93) food and nutrition insecurity.ConclusionsThe results show that moderate and severe food and nutrition insecurity are markers of vulnerability to wheezing. It is important to note that the results of studies in this field have potential implications for social policies that promote food security. Further studies to identify the mechanisms involved in the relationship between food and nutrition insecurity and asthma are needed.

The LYMFASIM Simulation Program for Modeling Lymphatic Filariasis and its Control

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
pp. 97-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Subramanian ◽  
P. K. Das ◽  
W. Souza ◽  
T. Lapa ◽  
A. F. Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Filariasis ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

Abstract:The LYMFASIM modeling framework for the transmission and control of the tropical parasitic disease lymphatic filariasis is described and its use in the context of an endemic community in north-eastern Brazil is illustrated. Lymphatic filariasis is a disease with a complex natural history with many unknowns. This complicates decision making with respect to control strategies. With LYMFASIM, a variety of hypotheses can be tested about the life history of the parasite Wuchereria bancrofti, its transmission from man to man through mosquitoes, the role of the immune system in regulating parasite numbers, the development of disease symptoms, and the effects of control measures (drug treatment or mosquito control). The implications of alternative assumptions and uncertainty about the quantification of parameters for the effectiveness of control strategies can be investigated. Thanks to the use of stochastic microsimulation, LYMFASIM is highly flexible and can be adapted and extended as new knowledge emerges.

Observations on the life history of a rare shrimp, Salmoneus carvachoi (Crustacea: Caridea: Alpheidae), a possible simultaneous hermaphrodite

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Oliveira ◽  
A.C. Costa-Souza ◽  
F.J. Guimarães ◽  
A.O. Almeida ◽  
J.A. Baeza
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Simultaneous Hermaphrodite ◽  
Intertidal Flat ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
Snapping Shrimps

This study reports on the life history of a rare alpheid shrimp,Salmoneus carvachoi, in the tropical western Atlantic. At an intertidal flat in Pontal Bay, Ilhéus, Bahia, north-eastern Brazil,S. carvachoiwas collected from within burrows of the axianassid mud shrimpAxianassa australisand the caridean snapping shrimpsAlpheus estuariensisandAlpheus chacei. These and earlier studies that reportedS. carvachoiin dwellings constructed by other larger burrowing crustaceans suggest thatS. carvachoiis a generalist species that establishes facultative symbiotic partnerships with larger burrowing decapods. We collected a total of 52 individuals during the sampling period (1 year); 19 (36.5%) of these shrimps carried embryos underneath the abdomen. The mean ± SD carapace length was 4.7 ± 0.7 and 5.5 ± 0.3 mm in non-brooding and brooding shrimps, respectively. All collected specimens, whether or not brooding embryos, bear appendices masculinae on the endopods of the second pleopods. Burrows harboured only one or two shrimps and never three or more shrimps. Pairs of shrimp that inhabited burrows consisted of two brooding shrimps (N = 3 pairs), two non-brooding shrimps (N = 3), or one brooding and one non-brooding shrimp (N = 1). The presence of appendices masculinae in all collected shrimps, whether or not brooding embryos, and the pairing of brooding shrimp within host burrows suggest thatS. carvachoiis a simultaneously hermaphroditic species.

Regional history of the PRC in the 1990-2000s: desire for coherence and coordination in Chinese regional politics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-2) ◽  
pp. 228-237
Author(s):  
Svetlana Makeeva
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Regional Politics ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Regional History

The article is devoted to the history of the regional policy of the PRC during the implementation of the policy of «reform and openness.» The period under consideration is the 1990-2000s. characterized by the beginning of the implementation of the main directions of the strategy for the regional coordinated development of China, aimed at eliminating the disproportional phenomena of the spatial organization of the economy of the PRC and combating the uneven development of the Western, Eastern, North-Eastern and Central regions of China.

A new species of Thorecta (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the western Atlantic, with remarks on the taxonomy of the genus

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 775-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josivete P. Santos ◽  
Suzane M. da Silva ◽  
Paulo H.O. Bonifácio ◽  
Eduardo L. Esteves ◽  
Ulisses S. Pinheiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Potiguar Basin ◽  
The Family ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
History Of ◽  
A New Species

The family Thorectidae includes 23 valid genera and 130 species, characterized by the presence of laminated fibres and diplodal choanocytye chambers. Currently the genus Thorecta comprises approximately 20 valid species, distributed mainly in the Indo-Pacific. We describe here a new species of Thorecta that is the only valid species of the genus described in the Atlantic Ocean so far. Samples were collected by trawling on board of the RV ‘Astro Garoupa’ in Potiguar Basin, on the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte State, north-eastern Brazil. Thorecta atlantica sp. nov. is greyish-brown to dark brownish-grey and presents a distinctive globular or clavulate shape, with 1–2 large apical oscules that open to deep atria. It was found between 61 and 160 m depth. A literature survey suggests that many species referred to Thorecta should be relocated to different genera due to absence of diagnostic characters, and that the genus Thorecta should group only 11 species: T. carteri, T. marginalis, T. prima, T. lata, T. farlovi, T. meandrina, T. polygona, T. reticulata, T. tuberculata, T. vasiformis and T. atlantica sp. nov. The tortuous history of the genus is an example of the damage that poorly-described species can cause to classification. Detailed descriptions of fresh material, well illustrated by photographs and including as many characters as possible, are essential tools for the clarification of the systematics of Thorecta in the future.

Taxonomy of Nystiellidae (Caenogastropoda, Epitonioidea) from Brazil, with description of three new species from the South-western Atlantic

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 1619-1644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Dias Pimenta ◽  
Bruno Garcia Andrade ◽  
Ricardo Silva Absalão
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Shell Morphology ◽  
The South ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
North Eastern

A taxonomic revision of the Nystiellidae from Brazil, including samples from the Rio Grande Rise, South Atlantic, was performed based on shell morphology. Five genera and 17 species were recognized. For the richest genus,Eccliseogyra, the three species previously recorded from Brazil were revised:E. brasiliensisandE. maracatu, previously known only from their respective type series, were re-examined. Newly available material ofE. maracatuexpanded the known geographic range of this species to off south-east Brazil.Eccliseogyra nitidais now recorded from north-eastern to south-eastern Brazil, as well as from the Rio Grande Rise. Three species ofEccliseogyraare newly recorded from the South Atlantic:E. monnioti, previously known from the north-eastern Atlantic, occurs off eastern Brazil and on the Rio Grande Rise; its protoconch is described for the first time, confirming its family allocation.Eccliseogyra pyrrhiasoccurs off eastern Brazil and on the Rio Grande Rise, andE. folinioff eastern Brazil. The genusIphitusis newly recorded from the South Atlantic.Iphitus robertsiwas found off northern Brazil, although the shells show some differences from the type material, with less-pronounced spiral keels. Additional new finds showed thatIphitus cancellatusranges from eastern Brazil to the Rio Grande Rise, and Iphitusnotiossp. nov. is restricted to the Rio Grande Rise.Narrimania, previously recorded from Brazil based on dubious records, is confirmed, including the only two living species described for the genus:N. azelotes, previously only known from the type locality in Florida, andN. concinna, previously known from the Mediterranean. A third species,Narrimania raquelaesp. nov. is described from eastern Brazil, diagnosed by its numerous and thinner cancellate sculpture. To the three species ofOpaliopsispreviously known from Brazil, a fourth species,O. arnaldoisp. nov., is added from eastern Brazil, and diagnosed by its very thin spiral sculpture, absence of a varix, and thinner microscopic parallel axial striae.Papuliscala nordestina, originally described from north-east Brazil, is recorded off eastern Brazil and synonymized withP. elongata, a species previously known only from the North Atlantic.

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