The initial detection of Toscana virus in phlebotomine sandflies from Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Özbel ◽  
G. Oğuz ◽  
S. K. Arserim ◽  
Ö. Erişöz Kasap ◽  
B. Karaoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies

scholarly journals Human and entomological surveillance of Toscana virus in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy, 2010 to 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Calzolari ◽  
P Angelini ◽  
A C Finarelli ◽  
R Cagarelli ◽  
R Bellini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Entomological Surveillance ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Human Infections

Toscana virus (TOSV), transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies, is recognised as one of the most important causes of viral meningitis in summer in Mediterranean countries. A surveillance plan based on both human and entomological surveys was started in 2010 in the Emilia-Romagna region, Italy. Clinical samples from patients with neurological manifestations were collected during 2010 to 2012. The surveillance protocol was improved during these years, allowing the detection of 65 human infections. Most of these infections were recorded in hilly areas, where sandflies reach the highest density. Entomological sampling around the homes of the patients resulted in a low number of captured sandflies, while later sampling in a hilly area with high number of human cases (n=21) resulted in a larger number of captured sandflies. Using this approach, 25,653 sandflies were sampled, of which there were 21,157 females, which were sorted into 287 pools. TOSV RNA was detected by real-time PCR in 33 of the pools. The results highlighted the role of Phlebotomus perfiliewi as the main vector of TOSV and a potential link between vector density and virus circulation. This integrated system shows that an interdisciplinary approach improves the sensitiveness and effectiveness of health surveillance.

scholarly journals Arthropod-borne viruses transmitted by Phlebotomine sandflies in Europe: a review

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Depaquit ◽  
M Grandadam ◽  
F Fouque ◽  
PE Andry ◽  
C Peyrefitte
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Epidemiological Surveillance ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Viral Isolation ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Mediterranean Europe ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Vectorial Competence

Phlebotomine sandflies are known to transmit leishmaniases, bacteria and viruses that affect humans and animals in many countries worldwide. These sandfly-borne viruses are mainly the Phlebovirus, the Vesiculovirus and the Orbivirus. Some of these viruses are associated with outbreaks or human cases in the Mediterranean Europe. In this paper, the viruses transmitted by Phlebotomine sandflies in Europe (Toscana virus, Sicilian virus, sandfly fever Naples virus) are reviewed and their medical importance, geographical distribution, epidemiology and potential spreading discussed. Data on vertebrate reservoirs is sparse for sandfly fever viruses. The factor currently known to limit the spread of diseases is mainly the distribution areas of potential vectors. The distribution areas of the disease may not be restricted to the areas where they have been recorded but could be as wide as those of their vectors, that is to say Larroussius and P. papatasi mainly but not exclusively. Consequently, field work in form of viral isolation from sandflies and possible reservoirs as well as laboratory work to establish vectorial competence of colonised sandflies need to be encouraged in a near future, and epidemiological surveillance should be undertaken throughout the European Union.

scholarly journals Toscana virus encephalitis in Southwest Germany: a retrospective study

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dersch ◽  
A. Sophocleous ◽  
D. Cadar ◽  
P. Emmerich ◽  
J. Schmidt-Chanasit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Toscana Virus ◽  
Neuroinvasive Disease ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Causal Pathogen ◽  
Southwest Germany

Abstract Background Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropod-borne virus transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies (Phlebotomus sp.) widespread throughout the Mediterranean having the potential to cause meningoencephalitis in humans. In Germany, the vectors of TOSV are introduced recently and become endemic especially in Southwestern Germany. As TOSV is not investigated regularly in patients with meningoencephalitis, cases of TOSV-neuroinvasive disease may remain mostly undetected. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study on patients with meningoencephalitis without identification of a causal pathogen from 2006 to 2016. Serologic assessment for anti-TOSV-IgG and IgM was performed on serum and CSF. Demographic, clinical and CSF data from TOSV-positive patients were compared to a cohort of patients with meningoencephalitis due to enterovirus. Informed consent was obtained from all included patients. Results We found 138 patients with meningoencephalitis without identified causal pathogen. From 98 of these patients CSF and serum was available for further testing. Additionally, we included 27 patients with meningoencephalitis due to enterovirus. We identified two patients with serological confirmed TOSV-neuroinvasive disease (TOSV-IgM and IgG positive, 2%) and two patients with possible TOSV-neuroinvasive disease (isolated TOSV-IgM positive, 2%). Overall, TOSV-neuroinvasive was detected in 4% of our cases with suspected viral meningoencephalitis. None of them had a history of recent travel to an endemic area. Conclusions We found cases of TOSV-neuroinvasive disease in our German cohort of patients with meningoencephalitis. As no recent history of travel to an endemic area was reported, it remains probable that these cases resemble autochthonous infections, albeit we cannot draw conclusions regarding the origin of the respective vectors. TOSV could be considered in patients with meningoencephalitis in Germany.

scholarly journals Thirteen Years of Phleboviruses Circulation in Lombardy, a Northern Italy Region

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Elena Percivalle ◽  
Irene Cassaniti ◽  
Mattia Calzolari ◽  
Davide Lelli ◽  
Fausto Baldanti
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Different Strains

Phleboviruses transmitted by phlebotomine sandflies are endemic in the Mediterranean basin. Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV), Sicilian phlebovirus (SFSV), and Naples phlebovirus (SFNV) are responsible of summer fever, with well-known pathogenic potential for humans ranging from asymptomatic to mild fever, in addition to neuro-invasive infections during summer. Although TOSV, in particular, is a significant and well-known human pathogen, SFVs remain neglected, with many gaps in the relevant knowledge. Sero-epidemiological studies and case reports recently showed a geographical wider distribution than previously considered, although the real incidence of phleboviruses infections in the Mediterranean area is still unknown. Here we retrospectively evaluated the circulation of phleboviruses during summer seasons between 2007 and 2019 in 649 patients showing neurological symptoms using both molecular and serological approaches. We found that 42/649 (6.5%) subjects experienced phlebovirus infection and only 10/42 cases were detected by molecular assays, whereas the other 32/42 were identified using serological approaches, including neutralization assays. During the 2013 summer, an outbreak in the Lombardy region is described because the prevalence of phlebovirus infection reached 37.2% (19/51 subjects). Interestingly, only 5/19 (26.5%) reported traveling in endemic areas. Of note, no cross-neutralization was observed between different strains tested, showing the possibility to be reinfected by newly discovered phlebovirus strains. In conclusion, phlebovirus infections are still inadequately considered by physicians and are generally underestimated. However, based on our results, sandfly fever viruses should be routinely included in diagnostic panels during summer period, including in Northern Italy.

COL5-04 Méningites à Toscana virus en pays d’Aubagne

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. S115
Author(s):  
L. Villeneuve ◽  
C. Leonnet ◽  
L. Maulin ◽  
M. Grandadam
Keyword(s):  
Toscana Virus

Leishmania in Kenyan Phlebotomine Sandflies—V. Leishmania aethiopica in the Oesophagus of Phlebotomus pedifer

1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 117-121
Author(s):  
J. B. Kaddu ◽  
M. J. Mutinga ◽  
M. Chimtawi ◽  
B. M. Okot-Kotber ◽  
M. P. Nyamori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Aethiopica ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies

On the vertical distribution of Phlebotomine sandflies (Dipt., Psychodidae) in British Honduras (Belize)

1970 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Williams
Keyword(s):  
Ground Level ◽  
Insect Host ◽  
Leishmania Mexicana ◽  
Light Traps ◽  
Principal Vector ◽  
New Information ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
British Honduras ◽  
The Vertical Distribution ◽  
Blood Meals

Phlebotomine sandflies were collected simultaneously at ground level, 25 ft and 40 ft in an area of medium bush in British Honduras (Belize).Flies were captured on human bait, with rat-baited oil-traps and with miniature light-traps, and some resting individuals were collected at each level. One species of Brumptomyia França and 18 of Lutzomyia França & Parrot were obtained. Brief notes on some of these species are given.Miniature light-traps provided the widest range of species, were the most satisfactory means for collecting Brumptomyia, L. steatopyga (Fairchild & Hertig) and L. carpenteri (Fairchild & Hertig), and yielded new information on the flight activities of L. deleoni (Fairchild & Hertig) and L. panamensis (Shannon).Most species collected were found to be predominantly arboreal in habit, L. permira (Fairchild & Hertig) and Lutzomyia sp. P being almost exclusively so. Some species (L. panamensis, possibly L. geniculata (Mangabeira) and L. bispinosa (Fairchild & Hertig)) live amongst the foliage but descend to the forest floor to seek blood-meals. A few species (L. steatopyga, L. deleoni and L. olmeca (Vargas & Díaz Nájera)) are active mainly near the ground, though the occasional specimen may be carried much higher.L. olmeca is the principal vector of rodent leishmaniasis in British Honduras. In the present study, no evidence was obtained to incriminate any other species of Phlebotomine as an insect host for Leishmania mexicana, and the mode of transmission of the parasite to man remains obscure.

Sensory polymyeloradiculopathy associated with Toscana virus infection

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 508-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Michael Gonen ◽  
Tzvika Sacagiu
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Toscana Virus

Phlebotomine sandflies and leishmaniasis risks in Colombian coffee plantations under two systems of cultivation

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Alexander ◽  
L. A. Agudelo ◽  
F. Navarro ◽  
F. Ruiz ◽  
J. Molina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coffee Plantations ◽  
Phlebotomine Sandflies ◽  
Two Systems
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