Multilocus sequence typing of strains from the Cryptococcus gattii species complex from different continents

Mycoses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bellet Virginie ◽  
Roger Frédéric ◽  
Krasteva Donika ◽  
Gouveia Tiphany ◽  
Drakulovski Pascal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multilocus Sequence Typing ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii

scholarly journals Environmental Status of Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii in Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Briggith-Nathalia Serna-Espinosa ◽  
Diomedes Guzmán-Sanabria ◽  
Maribel Forero-Castro ◽  
Patricia Escandón ◽  
Zilpa Adriana Sánchez-Quitian
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Environmental Niche ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Bird Droppings ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The genus Cryptococcus comprises more than 80 species, including C. neoformans and C. gattii, which are pathogenic to humans, mainly affecting the central nervous system. The two species differ in geographic distribution and environmental niche. C. neoformans has a worldwide distribution and is often isolated from bird droppings. On the contrary, C. gattii is reported in tropical and subtropical regions and is associated with Eucalyptus species. This review aims to describe the distribution of environmental isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans species complex and the Cryptococcus gattii species complex in Colombia. A systematic investigation was carried out using different databases, excluding studies of clinical isolates reported in the country. The complex of the species of C. gattii is recovered mainly from trees of the genus Eucalyptus spp., while the complex of the species of C. neoformans is recovered mainly from avian excrement, primarily Columba livia (pigeons) excrement. In addition, greater positivity was found at high levels of relative humidity. Likewise, an association was observed between the presence of the fungus in places with little insolation and cold or temperate temperatures compared to regions with high temperatures.

scholarly journals Darunavir inhibits Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex growth and increases the susceptibility of biofilms to antifungal drugs

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-837
Author(s):  
Raimunda Sâmia Nogueira Brilhante ◽  
José Alexandre Telmos Silva ◽  
Géssica dos Santos Araújo ◽  
Vandbergue Santos Pereira ◽  
Wilker Jose Perez Gotay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Planktonic Cells ◽  
Species Activity ◽  
Checkerboard Assay

Introduction. Cryptococcus species are pathogens commonly associated with cases of meningoencephalitis in individuals who are immunosuppressed due to AIDS. Aim. The aim was to evaluate the effects of the antiretroviral darunavir alone or associated with fluconazole, 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B against planktonic cells and biofilms of Cryptococcus species. Methodology. Susceptibility testing of darunavir and the common antifungals against 12 members of the Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex was evaluated by broth microdilution. The interaction between darunavir and antifungals against planktonic cells was tested by a checkerboard assay. The effects of darunavir against biofilm metabolic activity and biomass were evaluated by the XTT reduction assay and crystal violet staining, respectively. Results. Darunavir combined with amphotericin B showed a synergistic interaction against planktonic cells. No antagonistic interaction was observed between darunavir and the antifungals used. All Cryptococcus species strains were strong biofilm producers. Darunavir alone reduced biofilm metabolic activity and biomass when added during and after biofilm formation (P<0.05). The combination of darunavir with antifungals caused a significant reduction in biofilm metabolic activity and biomass when compared to darunavir alone (P<0.05). Conclusion. Darunavir presents antifungal activity against planktonic cells of Cryptococcus species and synergism with amphotericin B. In addition, darunavir led to reduced biofilm formation and showed activity against mature biofilms of Cryptococcus species. Activity of the antifungals against mature biofilms was enhanced in the presence of darunavir.

scholarly journals Emerging Cryptococcus gattii species complex infections in Guangxi, southern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. e0008493
Author(s):  
Chunyang Huang ◽  
Clement K. M. Tsui ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Kaisu Pan ◽  
Xiuying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii

Molecular typing, in vitro susceptibility and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii species complex clinical isolates from south‐eastern Brazil

Mycoses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 1341-1351
Author(s):  
Patrícia Helena Grizante Barião ◽  
Ludmilla Tonani ◽  
Tiago Alexandre Cocio ◽  
Roberto Martinez ◽  
Érika Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Brazil

scholarly journals Multicenter Study of Isavuconazole MIC Distributions and Epidemiological Cutoff Values for the Cryptococcus neoformans-Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex Using the CLSI M27-A3 Broth Microdilution Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 666-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Espinel-Ingroff ◽  
A. Chowdhary ◽  
G. M. Gonzalez ◽  
J. Guinea ◽  
F. Hagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

ABSTRACTEpidemiological cutoff values (ECVs) of isavuconazole are not available forCryptococcusspp. The isavuconazole ECVs based on wild-type (WT) MIC distributions for 438Cryptococcus neoformansnongenotyped isolates, 870 isolates of genotype VNI, and 406Cryptococcus gattiiisolates from six laboratories and different geographical areas were 0.06, 0.12, and 0.25 μg/ml, respectively. These ECVs may aid in detecting non-WT isolates with reduced susceptibilities to isavuconazole.

scholarly journals Characterization by PCR-RFLP of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex in Venezuela

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ferrara ◽  
◽  
María Mercedes Panizo ◽  
Emilia Urdaneta ◽  
Victor Alarcón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Genetic Diversity of the Cryptococcus gattii Species Complex in Mato Grosso State, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Harumi Maruyama ◽  
Daphine Ariadne Jesus de Paula ◽  
Isabela de Godoy Menezes ◽  
Olívia Cometti Favalessa ◽  
Rosane Christine Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Mato Grosso
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