scholarly journals Azolla ferns testify: seed plants and ferns share a common ancestor for leucoanthocyanidin reductase enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 (2) ◽  
pp. 1118-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erbil Güngör ◽  
Paul Brouwer ◽  
Laura W. Dijkhuizen ◽  
Dally Chaerul Shaffar ◽  
Klaas G.J. Nierop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Leucoanthocyanidin Reductase

scholarly journals Chloroplast and nuclear gene sequences indicate late Pennsylvanian time for the last common ancestor of extant seed plants.

1994 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
pp. 5163-5167 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Savard ◽  
P. Li ◽  
S. H. Strauss ◽  
M. W. Chase ◽  
M. Michaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Last Common Ancestor ◽  
Gene Sequences

scholarly journals Control of the Azolla symbiosis sexual reproduction: ferns to shed light on the origin of floral regulation?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. Dijkhuizen ◽  
Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei ◽  
Paul Brouwer ◽  
Niels Rijken ◽  
Valerie A. Buijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Control Networks ◽  
Sporocarp Formation ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Anzali Lagoon

ABSTRACTAzolla ferns and the filamentous cyanobacteria Nostoc azollae constitute a model symbiosis that enabled colonization of the water surface with traits highly desirable for development of more sustainable crops: their floating mats capture CO2 and fixate N2 at high rates phototrophically. Their mode of sexual reproduction is heterosporous. Regulation of the transition from vegetative to spore-forming phases in ferns is largely unknown, yet a pre-requisite for Azolla domestication, and of particular interest since ferns represent the sister lineage of seed plants.Far-red light (FR) induced sporocarp formation in A. filiculoides. Sporocarps obtained, when crossed, verified species attribution of Netherlands strains but not Iran’s Anzali lagoon. FR-responsive transcripts included CMADS1 MIKCC-homologues and miRNA-controlled GAMYB transcription factors in the fern, transporters in N.azollae, and ycf2 in chloroplasts. Loci of conserved miRNA in the fern lineage included miR172, yet FR only induced miR529 and miR535, and reduced miR319 and miR159.Suppression of sexual reproduction in both gametophyte and sporophyte-dominated plant lineages by red light is likely a convergent ecological strategy in open fields as the active control networks in the different lineages differ. MIKCC transcription factor control of flowering and flower organ specification, however, likely originated from the diploid to haploid phase transition in the homosporous common ancestor of ferns and seed plants.

scholarly journals Molecular Evolution of Auxin-Mediated Root Initiation in Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 1387-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Yu ◽  
Yuyun Zhang ◽  
Wu Liu ◽  
Hua Wang ◽  
Shaoting Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Root Initiation ◽  
Ceratopteris Richardii ◽  
Molecular Pathway ◽  
Wox Genes ◽  
The Common ◽  
Evolutionary Route ◽  
Root Types

Abstract The root originated independently in euphyllophytes (ferns and seed plants) and lycophytes; however, the molecular evolutionary route of root initiation remains elusive. By analyses of the fern Ceratopteris richardii and seed plants, here we show that the molecular pathway involving auxin, intermediate-clade WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (IC-WOX) genes, and WUSCHEL-clade WOX (WC-WOX) genes could be conserved in root initiation. We propose that the “auxin>IC-WOX>WC-WOX” module in root initiation might have arisen in the common ancestor of euphyllophytes during the second origin of roots, and that this module has further developed during the evolution of different root types in ferns and seed plants.

scholarly journals Far-Red Light-Induced Azolla filiculoides Symbiosis Sexual Reproduction: Responsive Transcripts of Symbiont Nostoc azollae Encode Transporters Whilst Those of the Fern Relate to the Angiosperm Floral Transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura W. Dijkhuizen ◽  
Badraldin Ebrahim Sayed Tabatabaei ◽  
Paul Brouwer ◽  
Niels Rijken ◽  
Valerie A. Buijs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Ecological Strategy ◽  
Azolla Filiculoides ◽  
Species Cluster ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Water Ferns

Water ferns of the genus Azolla and the filamentous cyanobacteria Nostoc azollae constitute a model symbiosis that enabled the colonization of the water surface with traits highly desirable for the development of more sustainable crops: their floating mats capture CO2 and fix N2 at high rates using light energy. Their mode of sexual reproduction is heterosporous. The regulation of the transition from the vegetative phase to the spore forming phase in ferns is largely unknown, yet a prerequisite for Azolla domestication, and of particular interest as ferns represent the sister lineage of seed plants. Sporocarps induced with far red light could be crossed so as to verify species attribution of strains from the Netherlands but not of the strain from the Anzali lagoon in Iran; the latter strain was assigned to a novel species cluster from South America. Red-dominated light suppresses the formation of dissemination stages in both gametophyte- and sporophyte-dominated lineages of plants, the response likely is a convergent ecological strategy to open fields. FR-responsive transcripts included those from MIKCC homologues of CMADS1 and miR319-controlled GAMYB transcription factors in the fern, transporters in N. azollae, and ycf2 in chloroplasts. Loci of conserved microRNA (miRNA) in the fern lineage included miR172, yet FR only induced miR529 and miR535, and reduced miR319 and miR159. Phylogenomic analyses of MIKCC TFs suggested that the control of flowering and flower organ specification may have originated from the diploid to haploid phase transition in the homosporous common ancestor of ferns and seed plants.

scholarly journals The evolution of chloroplast genome structure in ferns

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul G. Wolf ◽  
Jessie M. Roper ◽  
Aaron M. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Genome Structure ◽  
Intron Loss ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Plant Structure ◽  
The Core ◽  
Plastome Evolution ◽  
The Common ◽  
First Time

The plastid genome (plastome) is a rich source of phylogenetic and other comparative data in plants. Most land plants possess a plastome of similar structure. However, in a major group of plants, the ferns, a unique plastome structure has evolved. The gene order in ferns has been explained by a series of genomic inversions relative to the plastome organization of seed plants. Here, we examine for the first time the structure of the plastome across fern phylogeny. We used a PCR-based strategy to map and partially sequence plastomes. We found that a pair of partially overlapping inversions in the region of the inverted repeat occurred in the common ancestor of most ferns. However, the ancestral (seed plant) structure is still found in early diverging branches leading to the osmundoid and filmy fern lineages. We found that a second pair of overlapping inversions occurred on a branch leading to the core leptosporangiates. We also found that the unique placement of the gene matK in ferns (lacking a flanking intron) is not a result of a large-scale inversion, as previously thought. This is because the intron loss maps to an earlier point on the phylogeny than the nearby inversion. We speculate on why inversions may occur in pairs and what this may mean for the dynamics of plastome evolution.

scholarly journals Extensive Shifts from Cis- to Trans-splicing of Gymnosperm Mitochondrial Introns

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1615-1620
Author(s):  
Wenhu Guo ◽  
Andan Zhu ◽  
Weishu Fan ◽  
Robert P Adams ◽  
Jeffrey P Mower
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Plant Mitochondria ◽  
Intron Loss ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Rnaseq Data ◽  
Trans Splicing ◽  
The Common ◽  
Mitochondrial Introns

Abstract Hundreds of plant mitogenomes have been sequenced from angiosperms, but relatively few mitogenomes are available from its sister lineage, gymnosperms. To examine mitogenomic diversity among extant gymnosperms, we generated draft mitogenomes from 11 diverse species and compared them with four previously published mitogenomes. Examined mitogenomes from Pinaceae and cycads retained all 41 protein genes and 26 introns present in the common ancestor of seed plants, whereas gnetophyte and cupressophyte mitogenomes experienced extensive gene and intron loss. In Pinaceae and cupressophyte mitogenomes, an unprecedented number of exons are distantly dispersed, requiring trans-splicing of 50–70% of mitochondrial introns to generate mature transcripts. RNAseq data confirm trans-splicing of these dispersed exons in Pinus. The prevalence of trans-splicing in vascular plant lineages with recombinogenic mitogenomes suggests that genomic rearrangement is the primary cause of shifts from cis- to trans-splicing in plant mitochondria.

ПоражениесеменныхрастенийредисагрибомAlbugocandidaприпервичномсеменоводствевМосковскойобласти

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Khovrin ◽  
D.A. Yanaeva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Albugo Candida ◽  
Generative Phase

В статье описаны симптомы поражения семенных растений редиса A. candida, дана оценка ряда сортов с разной устойчивостью к A. candida. Описаны способы борьбы с этим заболеванием при элитном семеноводстве редиса. В результате двулетней оценки образцов питомника размножения выявлено, что есть сортовая специфика устойчивости к Albugo candida. Более склонен к поражению в генеративную фазу развития сорт Кармен, наиболее устойчив к патогену сорт Меркадо.The symptoms of A. candida on seed plants radish are described a number of varieties with different resistance to A. candida are evaluated. The methods of combating of this disease in elite seed production of radish are described. As a result of twoyear evaluation of breeding nursery samples it was revealed that there is varietal specificity of resistance to A. candida. The Carmen cultivar is more prone to disease in the generative phase, the most resistant to the pathogen is Mercado cultivar.

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