Assessing Pain Intensity Using Photoplethysmography Signals in Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Abstract Objectives We aimed to determine the serum concentrations of some inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in relation with pain intensity and quality of life in patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) compared to healthy controls. This study is a case–control study. The participants were selected from MPS patients who referred to rehabilitation outpatient clinics of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Results Serum hs-CRP (4.68 ± 4.36 vs. 2.92 ± 4.55 g/mlµ respectively, p = 0.011), phospholipase A2 (PLA2) (6.81 ± 2.22 vs. 4.73 ± 2.97 pg/ml respectively, p < 0.001) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (2.63 ± 0.71 vs. 1.98 ± 0.90 nmol/ml respectively, p < 0.001) levels were significantly higher and serum total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (2.46 ± 0.49 vs. 2.83 ± 0.82 mmol/L respectively, p = 0.011) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (78.89 ± 37.93 vs. 154.25 ± 115.93 U/ml respectively, p < 0.001) levels were significantly lower in the MPS patients compared to healthy controls. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level was significantly and positively associated with resting (r = 0.349, p = 0.019), activity (r = 0.295, p = 0.049) and night pain (r = 0.304, p = 0.043) intensities, pressure pain threshold (PPT) (r = 0.210, p = 0.047) and pain duration (r = 0.283, p = 0.007). Serum TAC level was significantly and negatively associated with resting pain intensity (r = −0.312, p = 0.037). Some scales and subscales of quality of life were positively correlated with serum TAC level and negatively associated with serum hs-CRP and PLA2 levels.

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Kinetics of Inflammatory and Pain Biomarkers during Self-Management Program Treatment of Temporomandibular Disorders - Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Prospective Observational Study

10.51626/ijoh.2021.01.00003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Flow Rate ◽

Temporomandibular Disorders ◽

Myofascial Pain ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽

Salivary Flow ◽

Management Program ◽

Salivary Flow Rate ◽

Self Management

Objectives: Investigate the salivary flow rate together with salivary levels of IL-6, IL-1β, substance P, glutamate and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in patients with temporomandibular disorders (myofascial pain) before and during self-management program. Moreover, evaluate the association of pain intensity with the biomarkers concentration. Materials and method: Saliva of nineteen patients diagnosed with TMD-MD was collected before self-management program and during the treatment (4 and 8 weeks). Results: No significant alteration of the expression levels of the biomarkers evaluated and the salivary flow rate throughout time was found. No correlation was found between pain intensity and the molecular parameters evaluated at any of the three moments. Conclusion: the biomarkers evaluated and salivary flow rates did not change during eight weeks of self-management program intervention in the sample evaluated.

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Effects of Low-Level Laser Irradiation and Dry Needling on the Symptoms of Myofascial Pain Syndrome: A Controlled Pilot Study

Journal of Modern Rehabilitation ◽

10.18502/jmr.v14i4.7719 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maryam Motavalian ◽

Siamak Bashardoust Tajali ◽

Behrouz Attarbashi Moghadam ◽

Seyedeh Zohreh Hosseini

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Laser Therapy ◽

Myofascial Pain ◽

Neck Disability Index ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽

Dry Needling ◽

Low Level Laser ◽

Level Laser ◽

Neck Disability

Introduction: This study aimed to compare the effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) combined with Dry Needling (DN) with DN alone on pain and neck disability index following myofascial pain syndrome. Materials and Methods: Sixteen women with active Trigger Points (TrPs) in their upper trapezius muscles participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: Experimental and control. The experimental group received one session of the DN plus the LLLT with 6 j/ cm2 energy at their TrPs. The patients in the control group were under a similar procedure, but they did not receive any energy by the LLLT (placebo). The pain score was assessed before, immediately, and 48 hours after the treatment. Neck Disability Index (NDI) was assessed before and 48 hours after the treatment. Results: There was a significant improvement in pain intensity and NDI scores 48 hours after the treatment in both groups compared with the baseline scores (P<0.05). The pain was also significantly reduced at the patients following laser therapy immediately after the treatment (P=0.01). Conclusion: A combination of the LLLT and DN might be more effective compared with using DN alone, and reduce immediate pain at the patients with the active TrPs. There was no difference between the groups 48 hours after the treatment. It seems that LLLT has no considerable effect on NDI and pain intensity 48 hours after the treatment.

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Constipation in patients with myofascial pain syndrome as important aspect for clinical and nutritional treatment: A case-control study

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652017000500003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 567-581

Author(s):

João Araújo BARROS-NETO ◽

Tascya Morganna de Morais SANTOS ◽

Matheus Lopes CORTES ◽

Rosangela Passos de JESUS ◽

Mariana Carvalho FREITAS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Myofascial Pain ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽

Case Control ◽

Horizontal Line ◽

Study Results ◽

Bowel Movements ◽

Control Study

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the occurrence of constipation in patients with myofascial pain syndrome and to correlate these disorders with the clinical and nutritional variables. Methods This report describes a case-control study performed with 98 adults of both sexs, including 49 patients and 49 individuals without pain. The intensity of the reported pain was evaluated using the Pain Visual Analog Scale, which provided a simple and efficient measurement of pain intensity consisting of a 10cm horizontal line with the ends marked “absence of pain” and “worst possible pain”. The occurrence of constipation was evaluated using the Rome III criteria. A multivariate linear regression was proposed to investigate risk factors between the frequency of bowel movements per week and independent variables this study. Results The mean ages of the patients and controls were 45.9 (7.6) years and 41.2 (12.2) years, respectively. The intensity of the reported pain showed a mean of 7.3 (1.6) points. The likelihood of exhibiting constipation was 4.5 times higher in the patients than in the controls (p=0.001). The number of stools per week was negatively correlated with the intensity of the reported pain (r=-0.613, p<0.001). The use of benzodiazepines was negatively correlated with the frequency of bowel movements per week, while the use of muscle relaxants appeared to increase the frequency of defecation when combined with the use of benzodiazepines and adjusted for the intake of fiber, water and sexs (p=0.037). Conclusion Constipation was a frequent nosological entity in this patient population and the persistence of a change in intestinal motility showed a significant correlation with the pain intensity and low water intake. The reduction of the number of stools per week seems to be associated with the use of benzodiazepines.

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Evidence for kinesio taping in management of myofascial pain syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clinical Rehabilitation ◽

10.1177/0269215519826267 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 865-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xue-Feng Zhang ◽

Lin Liu ◽

Bin-Bin Wang ◽

Xu Liu ◽

Ping Li

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Pain Threshold ◽

Myofascial Pain ◽

Pressure Pain Threshold ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Kinesio Taping

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of kinesio taping for managing myofascial pain syndrome in terms of pain intensity, pressure pain threshold, range of motion, muscle strength and disability. Data sources: PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Physiotherapy Evidence Databases were searched from database inception to November 2018. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used kinesio taping as the main treatment protocol for participants diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome were included. Two reviewers independently screened articles, scored methodological quality using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool and extracted data. The primary outcomes were pain intensity, pressure pain threshold and range of motion at post-intervention and follow-up. The secondary outcomes were muscle strength and disability at post-intervention and follow-up. Data synthesis: Meta-analyses of 20 RCTs involving 959 patients showed that kinesio taping was more effective than other treatments in reducing pain intensity (mean difference (MD) = 1.06 cm, 95% confidence interval (CI): −1.66 to −0.46 cm, P = 0.006) and increasing range of motion (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.43, P = 0.003) at post-intervention. Kinesio taping was also superior to other non-invasive techniques in relieving pain intensity at follow-up (MD = −0.68 cm, 95% CI: −1.22 to −0.13 cm, P = 0.02). However, there was no detectable effect on disability or function. Conclusion: Statistical evidence showed that kinesio taping could be recommended to relieve pain intensity and range of motion for patients with myofascial pain syndrome at post-intervention.

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Predictive factors of response in radial Extracorporeal Shock-waves Therapy for Myofascial and Articular Pain: A retrospective cohort study

Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation ◽

10.3233/bmr-200152 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

André Tadeu Sugawara ◽

Moises da Cunha Lima ◽

Cristiane Bitencourt Dias

Keyword(s):

Shock Wave ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Retrospective Cohort Study ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Myofascial Pain ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽

Analog Scale ◽

Articular Pain

BACKGROUND: Myofascial Pain Syndrome causes disability in daily life activities and despite all efforts, it continues to be a challenge, perpetuating suffering, overloading services and costs. New treatment options need to be tested. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to quantify the rESWT short-term analgesic effect and identify the success predictors through results comparisons achieved in MPS and Articular Pain (AP). METHOD: Retrospective cohort study of 1,580 patients with Myofascial Pain Syndrome or Articular Pain underwent two weekly radial Extracorporeal Shock-wave Therapy sessions. The pain intensity was measured by Visual Analog Scale before and one week after the end of the treatment (3 weeks). RESULTS: The therapy decreases pain by 62.50% (p< 0.0001), with a high success rate (91.59%) and a low worsening rate (2.1%). The best recommendation is for patients with intense myofascial pain (Visual Analog Scale ⩾ 70 mm), using high shock-wave frequency (⩾ 15 Hz). CONCLUSIONS: Two rESWT sessions promote pain relief, with a high success rate and low rates of treatment abandonment and worsening. The best results are obtained in myofascial pain patients with high pain intensity, treated with high-frequency dosage.

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Effect of Lidocaine Phonophoresis Versus Pulsed Ultrasound on Myofascial Pain Syndrome in Athletic Children

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct04185194 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Myofascial Pain ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Myofascial Pain Syndrome ◽

Pulsed Ultrasound

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