Prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Data from the international SWEET registry

Overweight and obesity are an increasingly common problem, not only among the healthy population, but also in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Excess body weight is related to many cardiometabolic complications as well as a high risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this systematic review is to provide a concise and critical overview of the prevalence of MetS in children and adolescents with T1DM and, ultimately, to discuss prevention and treatment options. The study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. This review shows that, apart from the growing percentage of overweight and obese children and adolescents with T1DM (on average 20.1% and 9.5%, respectively), the problem of the increasing incidence of MetS (range from 3.2 to 29.9%, depending on the criteria used) is one of the most important phenomena of our time. One of the methods of prevention and treatment is a combined approach: changing eating habits and lifestyle, but there are also reports about the beneficial effects of the gut microflora.

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Changes from 1986 to 2018 in the Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight, Metabolic Control and Treatment in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-669040/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

María Teresa Pastor-Fajardo ◽

María Teresa Fajardo-Giménez ◽

Vicente Bosch-Giménez ◽

José Pastor-Rosado

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Metabolic Control ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

World Health ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Diabetic Children ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background: In recent decades, a global increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity has been observed in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional, population study examined three groups (1986, 2007, and 2018) of children and adolescents aged <16 years diagnosed with type 1 diabetes. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the World Health Organization recommendations.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents was 30.2% (95% CI: 23.1-38.3). There was a significant increase from 1986 to 2007 (11.9% to 41.7%, p=0.002) and from 1986 to 2018 (11.9% to 34.8%, p=0.012), but no significant differences were found from 2007 to 2018 (41.7% to 34.8%, p=0.492). The age at diagnosis was lower in the group with excess body mass (p=0.037). No significant differences were observed in age (p=0.690), duration of diabetes (p=0.163), distribution according to sex (p=0.452), metabolic control (HbA1c, p=0.909), or insulin units kg/day (p=0.566), in diabetic patients with overweight or obesity. From 2007 to 2018, the use of insulin analogs (p=0.009) and a higher number of insulin doses (p=0.007) increased significantly, with no increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity.Conclusions: The evolution of the prevalence of overweight and obesity in diabetic children and adolescents during the study period is a reflection of the epidemic of childhood obesity in a global obesogenic environment.

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