scholarly journals Site preparation impacts on soil biotic and abiotic properties, weed control, and native grass establishment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monique E. Smith ◽  
Timothy R. Cavagnaro ◽  
Matthew J. Christmas ◽  
Leanne M. Pound ◽  
José M. Facelli
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Native Grass ◽  
Grass Establishment

scholarly journals Integrated Management of Perennial Pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium)

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob G. Wilson ◽  
Debra Boelk ◽  
Guy B. Kyser ◽  
Joseph M. DiTomaso
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
No Till ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grass Establishment ◽  
Native Perennial Grass

AbstractPerennial pepperweed is invasive throughout California. It thrives in a wide range of environments and is a common weed in floodplains, pastures, wetlands, and roadsides. In disturbed areas, perennial pepperweed rapidly forms monotypic stands with a thick litter layer. These infestations not only out-compete other vegetation, but prevent re-establishment of desirable species even after perennial pepperweed control. This experiment examined integrated management strategies with the goal of maximizing perennial pepperweed control and establishment of desirable native vegetation. The experiment was conducted at two sites in Lassen County, CA. Both sites were heavily infested with perennial pepperweed and lacked competing vegetation. The experimental design was a split-split-randomized block with four replications. Site preparation treatments included winter burning, summer and fall mowing, winter grazing, and fall disking. These treatments were designed to remove thatch to facilitate herbicide application and reseeding of desirable perennial grasses. Herbicide treatments included chlorsulfuron, 2,4-D, or glyphosate applied at the flower bud stage. Revegetation treatments included no seeding and no-till seeding of native perennial grasses. Most site preparation plus herbicide combinations reduced perennial pepperweed cover > 85% compared to the untreated control, although treatment efficacy was variable between sites and years. Burning, grazing, mowing, or disking in combination with herbicide treatment and no-till seeding was necessary for successful native perennial grass establishment. Burning or mowing with yearly 2,4-D applications for 3 yr gave the best combination of perennial pepperweed control and native grass establishment. Chlorsulfuron caused chlorosis and stunting to western wheatgrass, basin wildrye, and beardless wildrye at both sites when applied the spring before seeding. No treatment offered complete weed control, suggesting follow-up spot herbicide applications are needed for long-term perennial pepperweed suppression. These results provide several successful integrated strategies for control of perennial pepperweed and revegetation to a desired native perennial grass community.

Integration of nursery practices and vegetation management: economic and biological potential for improving regeneration

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 2083-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. South ◽  
Robert J. Mitchell ◽  
Bruce R. Zutter ◽  
John M. Balneaves ◽  
Brad L. Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Nursery Practices ◽  
Stock Types ◽  
Returns On Investment

Researchers in New Zealand, Scotland, South Africa, Texas, and Alabama provided data on growth responses owing to nursery management practices and weed control after outplanting. Nursery treatments included nitrogen fertilization (0 vs. 168 kg/ha), seedling grades (small-diameter vs. large-diameter seedlings), and a comparison of stock types. Weed-control treatments varied by study and included broadcast and spot applications. Interactions between nursery practices and weed control were examined. Regardless of location, growth (2–8 years after planting) was increased as seedling diameter increased. Practices that increase average seedling diameter in the nursery are typically less costly than silvicultural practices required to obtain similar growth responses from small-diameter stock. Although interactions were observed among sites, stock size, and intensity of weed control, large-diameter stock consistently grew better than small-diameter stock regardless of site or site-preparation method. Thus, increasing the investment of regeneration expenditures at the nursery, relative to that put into site preparation, will substantially improve financial returns on investment. Further research needs in this area are also discussed.

scholarly journals Assessing the Use of Chopper Herbicide for Establishing Hardwood Plantations on a Cutover Site

2004 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie L. Schuler ◽  
Daniel J. Robison ◽  
Harold E. Quicke
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Quercus Pagoda ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Herbaceous Weed Control ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Abstract Successful establishment of hardwood plantations requires effective weed management. Mechanical weed control is inefficient, and few herbicides are available for use in hardwood plantations. In an effort to identify new chemical control options, the potential of imazapyr (Chopper herbicide) for site preparation prior to planting three common southern hardwood species was assessed. Twelve site preparation treatments were tested using Chopper applied at four rates and three timings prior to planting. Each site preparation rate and time pairing was repeated under two postplant herbicide regimes—directed glyphosate (Accord herbicide) sprays designed to maintain weed-free conditions and a single broadcast sulfometuron methyl (Oust herbicide) treatment designed to test a potential operational sequencing of Chopper site preparation followed by herbaceous weed control. Although results must be evaluated in the context of a single site and set of environmental conditions, they demonstrate the utility of Chopper herbicide for site preparation prior to planting hardwoods. For sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.)and sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.),site preparation before the end of July with Chopper rates up to 64 oz/ac improved survival and growth over postplant treatments alone. For later season applications, sycamore and sweetgum were more sensitive to the Chopper site preparation rate. For Oct. site preparation, Chopper rates above 16 oz/ac adversely affected planted sycamore seedlings and rates greater than 32 oz/ac adversely effected planted sweetgum seedlings. Cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.)performed best using the highest Chopper rate of 64 oz/ac regardless of timing. South. J. Appl. For. 28(3):163–170.

scholarly journals Is site preparation necessary for bur oak receiving post-planting weed control?

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cogliastro ◽  
D Gagnon ◽  
A Bouchard
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Bur Oak

Comparison of Site Preparation Methods for Weed Control in Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda) Plantations

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas O. Lantagne ◽  
James A. Burger
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Growing Seasons

Twelve 20-ha stands of natural loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)-mixed hardwoods were harvested and site preparation treatments applied as follows: no site preparation (harvest only); glyphosate [N-(phosphomethyl)glycine] aerially applied at 0.25 kg ai/ha and the site burned 6 weeks later; roller-drum chopped, then burned; sheared and disced in one pass; sheared, then V bladed and disced; sheared, then raked; and sheared, raked, and then disced in three separate passes. Loblolly pine survival was 16% and volume 58% greater after the first two growing seasons on mechanically treated areas than on untreated stands or on areas treated with herbicide and then burned. Total vegetative cover was highest during both growing seasons on sites that had been sprayed and burned, and lowest on sites that were mechanically cleared and tilled. Grass and hardwood cover was negatively correlated with loblolly pine height and seedling volume during both growing seasons.

Selective Weed Control in Seedling Cool-Season Grasses

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Canode ◽  
W. C. Robocker
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Grass Seed ◽  
Selective Control ◽  
Anisic Acid ◽  
Grass Establishment ◽  
Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Seven herbicides were applied for selective weed control on three different seedling stands of five cool-season grasses. The herbicides were evaluated for their influence on weed control, grass establishment, and first crop grass seed production. These experiments indicate that 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (bromoxynil) was outstanding in selective control of broadleaf weeds in seedling grass stands. Two other herbicides, 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) and 6,7-dihydrodipyrido[1,2-a:2′,1′-c]pyrazinediium ion (diquat) were valuable under most conditions. The remaining herbicides—(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D), 2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol (dinoseb), 2,3,6-trichlorobenzoic acid (2,3,6-TBA), and 1-butyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methylurea (neburon)—were satisfactory for selective weed control under some conditions, but their effects were not uniform for the different species and plantings.

Establishment of white spruce and black spruce in Boreal Ontario: Effects of chemical site preparation and post-planting weed control

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E Wood ◽  
F. W. von Althen
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Site Preparation ◽  
Vegetation Control ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
The Difference

Five-year results of a field experiment to evaluate the effects of vegetation control either before or after planting on the performance of planted white spruce (Piceaglauca [Moench] Voss) and black spruce (P. mariana [Mill.] B.S.P.) transplants and black spruce containerized seedlings are reported. Annual vegetation control with and without chemical site preparation significantly (P < 0.05) improved height growth, ground-level stem diameter, and health of the planted seedlings. Survival and seedling growth were significantly (P < 0.05) higher with chemical site preparation than with chemical release in August of the year after planting. From the beginning of June to the first half of August, soil temperatures were higher in the plots with no competing vegetation than in the control plots. The difference in temperature reached a maximum of 5 °C at 5 cm of depth and 4 °C at 12 cm of depth. Key words: black spruce, chemical site preparation, glyphosate, growth response, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, release, tending, vegetation management, weed control, white spruce

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