The parental magma composition, crustal contamination process, and metallogenesis of the Shitoukengde Ni‐Cu sulfide deposit in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Dexin Zhang ◽  
Shucheng Tan ◽  
Fengyue Sun ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Parental Magma ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Nw China ◽  
Magma Composition

scholarly journals Mineral Chemistry, S-Pb-O Isotopes, and S/Se Ratios of the Niubiziliang Ni-(Cu) Sulfide Deposit in North Qaidam Orogenic Belt, NW China: Constraints on the Parental Magma Composition, Evolution, and Sulfur Saturation Mechanism

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 837
Author(s):  
Liang Li ◽  
Fengyue Sun ◽  
Huiwen Liu ◽  
Shucheng Tan ◽  
Lu Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Crystallization ◽  
Parental Magma ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Crustal Assimilation ◽  
Nw China ◽  
O Isotopes ◽  
Sulfur Saturation ◽  
North Qaidam

The Niubiziliang Ni-(Cu) deposit is the first magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the North Qaidam Orogenic Belt (NQOB), NW China, and plays a significant role in geological evolution, Ni-Cu mineralization, and exploration in the NQOB. Here, we report on the mineral chemistry, S-Pb-O isotopes, and S/Se ratios of the mafic-ultramafic complex, which provide insights on the parental magma, evolution, and sulfur saturation mechanism. The Niubiziliang mafic-ultramafic intrusion contains four ore blocks and about ten Ni-(Cu) ore/mineralization bodies. Olivines in Niubiziliang belong to the species of chrysolite with Fo values of 88~89, and the pyroxenes are mainly orthopyroxene (En = 79~82) and clinopyroxene (En = 44~40). The olivines and some pyroxenes likely crystallized in a magma chamber at a depth of 35.45~36.55 km at a high temperature (1289~1369 °C) and pressure (9.38~9.67 kbar), whereas the Niubiziliang complex formed at a moderate depth (8.13~8.70 km) with a temperature and pressure of 1159~1253 °C and 2.15~2.30 kbar, respectively. The parental magma was considered to be high-Mg picritic basalt with MgO and NiO contents of 14.95~16.58% and 0.053~0.068%, respectively, which indicated high-degree partial melting of the depleted mantle. The mantle-derived primary magma underwent significant fractional crystallization and crustal assimilation and contamination, which was strongly supported by S-Pb-O isotope data and S/Se ratios, resulting in sulfur saturation and sulfide immiscibility in the magma. Crustal assimilation and contamination contributed more to sulfur saturation than fractional crystallization.

Genesis of the Wuxing Pt–Pd-rich Cu–Ni sulfide deposit in the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt: evidences from geochronology, elemental geochemistry, and Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic data

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-gui Sun ◽  
Yun-peng He ◽  
Ji-long Han ◽  
Zhong-yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Central Asian Orogenic Belt ◽  
Geochemical Data ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Enriched Mantle ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
T Values

The Wuxing Pt–Pd-rich Cu–Ni sulfide deposit in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China, is located to the northeast of the Dunhua–Mishan fracture of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The mafic–ultramafic complex consist of early-period hornblende–olivine pyroxenite, diopsidite, and hornblende pyroxenite and late-period gabbro and diabase units. An early-period hornblende pyroxenite yielded a zircon U–Pb age of 208.2 ± 2.6 Ma and a late-period diabase yielded a U–Pb age of 205.6 ± 1.1 Ma, with zircon εHf(t) values of +1.24 to +8.13. The early- and late-period lithofacies are relatively enriched in LILE (Rb, Ba, and Sr) and LREE, and variably depleted in HFSE (Nb, Ta). The whole-rock and single-mineral analyses of the early-period lithofacies yield (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7055–0.7083 and εNd(t) ratios of −7.98–+3.10. These geochemical data suggest that the parental magmas of the Wuxing complex are high-Mg subalkaline basaltic in nature and were derived from an enriched mantle source. The magmas chamber formed after the injection of magma into the crust along with crustal contamination, producing early crystalline minerals and ore-bearing magmas. The rupturing of the magma chamber released evolved magmas, which then ascended and generated Pt–Pd-bearing lithofacies and Cu–Ni sulfide orebodies by fractional crystallization, accumulation, and liquation. During the late period, the residual magma invaded the early lithofacies and Cu–Ni orebodies. The fluids exsolved from the gabbroic magmas concentrated the mineralized metal elements and enhanced the precipitation of Pt–Pd-bearing veinlet-disseminated orebodies and Pt–Pd–Cu–Ni orebodies.

scholarly journals Petrology, mineral chemistry, and geochemistry of Late Triassic Ni–Cu ore-bearing mafic–ultramafic intrusions, Hongqiling, northeastern China: petrogenesis and tectonic implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-128
Author(s):  
Ai Li ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Yue Song
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Parental Magma ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Tholeiitic Magma ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
History Of

The Hongqiling magmatic Ni–Cu sulfide deposit, situated on the southern margin of the eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is composed of over 30 mafic–ultramafic intrusions. These ore-bearing intrusions are composed mainly of harzburgite, lherzolite, websterite, orthopyroxenite, and norite (gabbro). The constituent minerals are olivine, diopside, bronzite, calcic-hornblende, plagioclase, and spinel with orthopyroxene as a dominant mineral in these intrusions. These ore-bearing intrusions are not Alaskan-type complexes. Spinel and clinopyroxene both exhibit different chemical compositions from those in the Alaskan-type complexes. The rocks that make up the intrusions have high contents of MgO (average value = 25.20 wt.%) and low TiO2 (average value = 0.58 wt.%). The high MgO contents of the minerals and the high Mg# (71) of the calculated melt in equilibrium with olivine demonstrate that the parental magma of the Hongqiling mafic–ultramafic intrusions was a high-Mg tholeiitic magma. The Hongqiling ore-bearing mafic–ultramafic intrusions and the calculated “trapped liquids” for the olivine-orthopyroxene cumulate rocks are all enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and depleted in high field strength elements. The Ce/Pb, Ta/La, Th/Yb, and (La/Sm)PM values and the depletion of Nb and Ta suggest that the magma experienced crustal contamination. The Hongqiling ore-bearing intrusions display many similarities with mafic–ultramafic intrusions that formed in a post-collisional extensional environment in the western CAOB (e.g., Huangshanxi). Common features include their whole-rock compositions and mineral chemistry. Combined with the evolutionary history of the eastern segment of the CAOB, we believe that the Late Triassic Hongqiling mafic–ultramafic intrusions formed in a post-collisional extensional environment.

scholarly journals Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the early Palaeozoic appinite-granite complex in the Western Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW China: implications for Palaeozoic tectonic evolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 1641-1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIE ZHU ◽  
QIUGEN LI ◽  
XU CHEN ◽  
HAOSHU TANG ◽  
ZONGQI WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Nw China ◽  
High K ◽  
Western Kunlun ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Granite Complex ◽  
Early Palaeozoic ◽  
T Values

AbstractThe Datong pluton, the largest early Palaeozoic granitoid in the Western Kunlun Orogenic Belt (WKOB) in NW China, is a typical appinite-granite complex. It consists of diorites, quartz diorites, monzodiorites, quartz monzodiorites, monzonites, quartz monzonites, syenites, granodiorites and monzogranites. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U–Pb dating yielded crystallization ages of 459 ± 3 Ma for the quartz monzonites and 452 ± 5 Ma for the monzogranites (Late Ordovician). The rocks possess a wide range of SiO2 (56.0–73.4 wt %), MgO (0.17–4.55 wt %) and Mg no. (25–60), with high K2O (2.83–5.29 wt %) contents, exhibiting high-K calc-alkaline to shoshonitic traits. They are characterized by enrichments in large-ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and light rare Earth elements (LREEs), as well as depletions in high-field-strength elements (HFSEs). The rocks have initial 87Sr/86Sr ratios of 0.7086–0.7185, negative εNd(t) values of –3.72 to –1.79 and εHf(t) values vary from –1.6 to +4.7. These features are modelled to show that they were most likely derived from an enriched lithospheric mantle source and that fractional crystallization with minor crustal contamination was involved in their petrogenetic process. Considering the distribution and chronology of the Palaeozoic intrusions – such as Kegang, Bulong, Qiukesu, Yierba, North Kudi, Dongbake, Buya, Ayilixi and Warengzilafu granitoid plutons with ages of c. 420–530 Ma – in conjunction with the Palaeozoic metamorphic overprinting in the WKOB, we propose a divergent double-subduction model to explain the destruction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean and suggest that the Datong pluton was likely emplaced in a post-collisional setting following the termination of subduction in response to slab break-off.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Os isotope compositions in the Kalatongke sulfide deposit, NW China: the role of crustal contamination

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian-Feng Gao ◽  
Mei-Fu Zhou ◽  
Peter C. Lightfoot ◽  
Wenjun Qu
Keyword(s):  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Nw China ◽  
Os Isotope

scholarly journals Origin and Nature of Parental Magma and Sulfide Segregation of the Baixintan Magmatic Ni–Cu Sulfide Deposit, Southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), NW China: Insights from Mineral Chemistry of Chromite and Silicate Minerals

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1050
Author(s):  
Banxiao Ruan ◽  
Mingyang Liao ◽  
Bingke Sun ◽  
Chao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Parental Magma ◽  
Mineral Chemistry ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Central Asian Orogenic Belt ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Type I ◽  
Silicate Minerals ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
Southern Central ◽  
Sulfide Segregation

The mineral chemistry of chromite and silicate minerals in the Baixintan magmatic Ni-Cu sulfide deposit in the Northern Tianshan, southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) are reported here. Two types of chromite were identified in mafic-ultramafic rocks. Type I chromite occurs as inclusions encased in olivine and has a primary and magmatic origin and homogeneous composition with Cr# values (49–66). It is characterized by high Ti contents (0.33–1.52 wt%) and small quantities of ZnO (0–0.21 wt%), MnO (0.28–0.45 wt%), and NiO (0.06–0.24 wt%) contents. In contrast, type II chromite with interstitial phase and larger compositional variations has significantly higher TiO2 (up to 6.2 wt%) and FeOt contents (up to 69.3 wt%) and slightly lower Al2O3 (minimum 3.0 wt%) and MgO contents (minimum 0.53 wt%). It is considered to crystallize from a more evolved and fractionated melt and suffers from post-magmatic alteration, such as serpentinization and chloritization. The olivine has forsterite values (Fo) varying from 76.8 to 85.6. The parental magma is characterized by high temperature (1389 °C), high pressure (3.8 Gpa), and high Mg content (11.4 wt%) with oxidized (FMQ + 1.6) and hydrous nature based on compositions of primary chromite and olivine–chromite pairs. The intrusion originated from high-degree partial melting of depleted mantle that had been modified by crustal components and metasomatized by subduction fluid in a post-orogenic extensional setting. Two stages of sulfide segregation have been recognized. Early segregation led to the depletion of platinum group elements (PGE), and disseminated sulfide mineralization was the product of later segregation. The assimilation of crustal Si and S components played more important roles on sulfide segregation rather than fractional crystallization.

PGE Geochemical Characteristics of the Huangshanxi Magmatic Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposit, East Tianshan, Xinjiang, and its Significance for the Mineralization

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
Yong Fu ◽  
Tao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Total Concentration ◽  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Parental Magma ◽  
Platinum Group Elements ◽  
Geochemical Characteristics ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The North ◽  
Deep Crust ◽  
Platinum Group

The Huangshanxi sulfide-bearing intrusion, is located in the centre segment of Tudun-Huangshan-Jing`erquan-Tulargen mafic-ultramafic rock belt, the eastern part of the North Tianshan, controlled by the Kangurtag-Huangshan ductile sheer zone, and it is a multiple intrusion which composes of lherzolite, amphibole peridotite, wehrlite, pyroxenite, norite, gabbro, and diorite. The disseminated sulfides and sideronitic sulfides are the mainly ore types, the scale of the ore body is large and the grade is stable relatively. The total concentration of platinum-group elements (PGEs) in rocks and ores is very low, which average value is 0.93ppb and 8.8ppb respectively and it increases with sulfur content increases in ores. The PGE concentration appeared two peaks in the range of 200~300m and 880~980m depth in the drill core, consistent with the content of the sulfides. Rocks and ores samples have similar mantle-normalized PGE patterns which are shown as the PGE flat and slightly fall to the left, and the lower fractionation between IPGE and PPGE. The primitive magma may be the high MgO tholeiitic magma which should be undepleted in PGE and derived from partial melting of a metasomatized mantle source. Compared with continental tholeiite, simulating result reveals that the parental magma is visibly depleted in PGE, possibly duing to the sulfide pre-segregation of initial magma in deep crust. The platinum-group elements geochemical characteristics and petrochemical data show that the crustal contamination and the fractionation of olivine and pyroxene may be the main factors leading to S-saturation and sulfide segregation in deep crust.

Zircon U–Pb dating and sulfide Re–Os isotopes of the Xiarihamu Cu–Ni sulfide deposit in Qinghai Province, Northwestern China

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 885-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haoran Li ◽  
Ye Qian ◽  
Fengyue Sun ◽  
Jinlei Sun ◽  
Guan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Crustal Contamination ◽  
Orogenic Belt ◽  
Sulfide Deposit ◽  
Ore Genesis ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Isotopic Analyses ◽  
Slab Breakoff ◽  
Multiple Pulses ◽  
Formation And Evolution

The Xiarihamu Cu–Ni sulfide deposit is the second-largest Cu–Ni deposit in China, located in the Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt. However, despite previous study, the formation and evolution of this deposit remains a key unknown in the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Moreover, the petrogenesis of the ore-bearing rocks and the nature of ore genesis are the subjects of ongoing debate. Here, we present detailed field observations, petrology, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and Re–Os isotopic analyses to constrain the timing and genesis of the Xiarihamu Cu–Ni sulfide deposit. Sulfides from the massive ores yielded a Re–Os isotopic isochron age of 408 ± 11 Ma. Four samples from the ore-bearing Xiarihamu mafic–ultramafic intrusions yielded zircon U–Pb ages of 423.1 ± 2 Ma, 422.9 ± 3.1 Ma, 422.7 ± 2.3 Ma, and 422.6 ± 2.7 Ma, respectively, indicating that the ore formed during the Silurian. The calculated initial 187Os/188Os ratio and γOs values ranged from 0.5109 to 0.8499 and from 311 to 584, respectively, indicating that crustal contamination played an extremely important role in triggering sulfide saturation. In combination with previous research, drill core observations and Re–Os data provide robust evidence for multiple pulses of magma replenishment throughout the process of ore genesis. Based on this evidence, the large-scale magmatic Cu–Ni mineralization in Xiarihamu likely occurred in a post-collisional setting related to tectonic slab breakoff.

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