Mapping the risks of the spread of Peste des Petits Ruminants in the Republic of Kazakhstan

Seroprevalence, geographical distribution, and risk factors of peste des petits ruminants in the Republic of Chad

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research ◽

10.5455/javar.2018.e293 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 420 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ouagal Mahamat ◽

Tchari Doungous ◽

Bidjeh Kebkiba ◽

Hadj Oumar ◽

Assandi Oussigur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

The Republic

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Mapping the risks of Peste des Petits Ruminants spread in the Republic of Kazakhstan

10.22541/au.160157500.08404245 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov ◽

Yersyn Mukhanbetkaliev ◽

Akhmetzhan Sultanov ◽

Gulzhan Yessembekova ◽

Sergey Borovikov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

The Republic

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Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants in the arid zone in the Republic of Niger

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v80i1.544 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Souaibou Farougou ◽

Mariama Gagara ◽

Guy A. Mensah

Keyword(s):

Arid Zone ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Effective Control ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Republic

The study aimed to determine the prevalence of peste des petits ruminants in the arid zone (Niamey, Tillabéry and Tahoua) of the Republic of Niger. A serological survey was conducted and 519 serum samples were collected from 253 unvaccinated sheep and 266 unvaccinated goats. The sample included 340 female animals (168 sheep and 172 goats) and 160 kids and lambs (78 lambs and 82 kids). A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay yielded an overall seroprevalence of 45.0%. The prevalence in sheep was 42.0% compared with 47.9% in goats. The seroprevalence observed amongst small ruminants in Tahoua (49.8%) and Tillabéry (46.6%) was significantly higher (p = 0.001) than that observed in animals from Niamey (25.1%). It was also higher (p = 0.04) in sheep younger than two years (51.8%) than in adults (37.6%). Conversely, the seroprevalence showed no significant difference between male animals (35.8% in sheep; 50.1% in goats) and female animals (45.1% in sheep; 46.4% in goats). The prevalence of the disease observed amongst the sheep and goat populations confirms the continued danger of this disease in the areas studied. It is therefore necessary to develop strategies such as improving livestock services, providing effective vaccines and implementing a vaccination programme for an effective control of the disease in sub-Saharan Africa.

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Factors contributing to the introduction and spread of Peste des Petits ruminants virus in the Republic of Chad

GSC Advanced Research and Reviews ◽

10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.2.0087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 093-096

Author(s):

Bidjeh Kebkiba ◽

Adam Hassan Yacoub

Keyword(s):

Action Plan ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

Global Action ◽

Long Time ◽

The Republic ◽

Considerable Morbidity ◽

The Moment ◽

First Time

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an infectious, contagious and inoculable disease. It is widely distributed in Africa, the Middle East and Asia. It was described for the first time in Côte d'Ivoire by Gargadennec and Lalanne in 1942. This pathology, similar to rinderpest at the clinical and antigenic level, reveals a capital and growing importance and constitutes a brake on the development of the breeding of small ruminants because the economic losses are considerable (morbidity is 100% and mortality 90%). The pathogen is a virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus, the family Paramyxoviridae. This widespread and devastating disease of small ruminants causes very significant losses to the economy, food security and the livelihoods of pastoralists. Globally, it is one of the priority diseases indicated in the five-year of global action plan of the FAO-OIE Global Framework for the Progressive Control of Transboundary Diseases (GF-TADs). The Republic of Chad, like other countries has joined this line with an ambition of its eradication by 2025. The existence of PPR in Chad has been demonstrated for a long time, but no data exists for the moment on the factors of its introduction and spread in the country. This article describes the main factors behind its introduction and spread in the country.

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Mapping the risks of the spread of Peste des Petits Ruminants in the Republic of Kazakhstan

10.22541/au.162314598.80595365/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Fedor Korennoy ◽

Sarsenbay Abdrakhmanov ◽

Yersyn Mukhanbetkaliyev ◽

Akhmetzhan Sultanov ◽

Gulzhan Yessembekova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Binomial ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Hot Spot ◽

Small Ruminants ◽

Training Data ◽

Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽

Risk Indicator ◽

Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽

Vegetation Fraction ◽

The Republic

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral transboundary disease of small ruminants that causes significant damage to agriculture. This disease has not been previously registered in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK). This paper presents an assessment of the susceptibility of the RK’s territory to the spread of the disease in the event of its importation from infected countries. The Generalized Linear Negative Binomial regression model that was trained on the PPR outbreaks in China was used to rank municipal districts in the RK in terms of PPR spread risk. The outbreaks count per administrative district was used as a risk indicator, while a number of socio-economic, landscape and climatic factors were considered as explanatory variables. Summary road length, altitude, the density of small ruminants, the maximum green vegetation fraction, cattle density and the Engel coefficient were the most significant factors. The model demonstrated a good performance in training data (R = 0.69) and was transferred to the RK, suggesting a significantly lower susceptibility of this country to the spread of PPR. Hot Spot analysis identified three clusters of districts at the highest risk, located in the western, eastern and southern parts of Kazakhstan. As part of the study, a countrywide survey was conducted to collect data on the distribution of livestock populations, which resulted in the compilation of a complete geo-database of small ruminant holdings in the RK. The research results may be used to formulate a national strategy for preventing the importation and spread of PPR in Kazakhstan through targeted monitoring in high-risk areas.

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Time and Latitude in South Africa

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100026816 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 27-38

Author(s):

J. Hers

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Cape Town ◽

Astronomical Observations ◽

Royal Observatory ◽

The Republic ◽

Astronomical Determination ◽

Limited Accuracy ◽

Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

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