Genome‐informed characterization of antigenic drift in the hemagglutinin gene of equine influenza strains circulating in the United States from 2012 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuyoung Lee ◽  
Nicola Pusterla ◽  
Samantha M. Barnum ◽  
Dong‐Hun Lee ◽  
Beatriz Martínez‐López
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Equine Influenza ◽  
Hemagglutinin Gene

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of novel reassortant mammalian orthoreovirus from pigs in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Liping Wang ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Timothy Walsh ◽  
Zhenyu Shen ◽  
Yonghai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Mammalian Orthoreovirus

scholarly journals Landscape characterization of floral resources for pollinators in the Prairie Pothole Region of the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Autumn H. Smart ◽  
Clint R. V. Otto ◽  
Alisa L. Gallant ◽  
Michael P. Simanonok
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Prairie Pothole Region ◽  
The United States ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Prairie Pothole ◽  
Landscape Characterization

Phylogenetic and phenotypic characterization of Fomes fasciatus and Fomes fomentarius in the United States

Mycologia ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 1524-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan A. McCormick ◽  
Larry F. Grand ◽  
Justin B. Post ◽  
Marc A. Cubeta
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Fomes Fomentarius

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Recent Clonal Lineages of Phytophthora infestans in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Danies ◽  
I. M. Small ◽  
K. Myers ◽  
R. Childers ◽  
W. E. Fry
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Late Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Infestans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Mating Types ◽  
Late Blight Disease ◽  
Blight Disease

Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight disease, has been reported in the United States and Canada since the mid-nineteenth century. Due to the lack of or very limited sexual reproduction, the populations of P. infestans in the United States are primarily reproducing asexually and, thus, show a simple genetic structure. The emergence of new clonal lineages of P. infestans (US-22, US-23, and US-24) responsible for the late blight epidemics in the northeastern region of the United States in the summers of 2009 and 2010 stimulated an investigation into phenotypic traits associated with these genotypes. Mating type, differences in sensitivity to mefenoxam, differences in pathogenicity on potato and tomato, and differences in rate of germination were studied for clonal lineages US-8, US-22, US-23, and US-24. Both A1 and A2 mating types were detected. Lineages US-22, US-23, and US-24 were generally sensitive to mefenoxam while US-8 was resistant. US-8 and US-24 were primarily pathogenic on potato while US-22 and US-23 were pathogenic on both potato and tomato. Indirect germination was favored at lower temperatures (5 and 10°C) whereas direct germination, though uncommon, was favored at higher temperatures (20 and 25°C). Sporangia of US-24 released zoospores more rapidly than did sporangia of US-22 and US-23. The association of characteristic phenotypic traits with genotype enables the prediction of phenotypic traits from rapid genotypic analyses for improved disease management.

scholarly journals Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Genotyping Analysis Shows That Vaccination Can Limit the Number and Diversity of Recombinant Progeny of Infectious Laryngotracheitis Viruses from the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Loncoman ◽  
Carol A. Hartley ◽  
Mauricio J. C. Coppo ◽  
Glenn F. Browning ◽  
Gabriela Beltrán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Viral Replication ◽  
The United States ◽  
Snp Genotyping ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Genotyping Assay ◽  
Infectious Laryngotracheitis

ABSTRACT Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILTV; Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1) causes mild to severe respiratory disease in poultry worldwide. Recombination in this virus under natural (field) conditions was first described in 2012 and more recently has been studied under laboratory conditions. Previous studies have revealed that natural recombination is widespread in ILTV and have also demonstrated that recombination between two attenuated ILTV vaccine strains generated highly virulent viruses that produced widespread disease within poultry flocks in Australia. In the United States, natural ILTV recombination has also been detected, but not as frequently as in Australia. To better understand recombination in ILTV strains originating from the United States, we developed a TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assay to detect recombination between two virulent U.S. field strains of ILTV (63140 and 1874c5) under experimental in vivo conditions. We also tested the capacity of the Innovax-ILT vaccine (a recombinant vaccine using herpesvirus of turkeys as a vector) and the Trachivax vaccine (a conventionally attenuated chicken embryo origin vaccine) to reduce recombination. The Trachivax vaccine prevented ILTV replication, and therefore recombination, in the trachea after challenge. The Innovax-ILT vaccine allowed the challenge viruses to replicate and to recombine, but at a significantly lower rate than in an unvaccinated group of birds. Our results demonstrate that the TaqMan SNP genotyping assay is a useful tool to study recombination between these ILTV strains and also show that vaccination can limit the number and diversity of recombinant progeny viruses. IMPORTANCE Recombination allows alphaherpesviruses to evolve over time and become more virulent. Historically, characterization of viral vaccines in poultry have mainly focused on limiting clinical disease, rather than limiting virus replication, but such approaches can allow field viruses to persist and evolve in vaccinated populations. In this study, we vaccinated chickens with Gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 vaccines that are commercially available in the United States and then performed coinoculations with two field strains of virus to measure the ability of the vaccines to prevent field strains from replicating and recombining. We found that vaccination reduced viral replication, recombination, and diversity compared to those in unvaccinated chickens, although the extent to which this occurred differed between vaccines. We suggest that characterization of vaccines could include studies to examine the ability of vaccines to reduce viral recombination in order to limit the rise of new virulent field strains due to recombination, especially for those vaccines that are known not to prevent viral replication following challenge.

The characterization of morbidly obese ovarian cancer patients in the United States: A study of demographic and socioeconomic status

2014 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
J.K. Chan ◽  
K.W. Blansit ◽  
T.N. Tsuei ◽  
R.A. Brooks ◽  
S.M. Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Morbidly Obese

scholarly journals Identification and genome characterization of genotype B and genotype C bovine parainfluenza type 3 viruses isolated in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Neill ◽  
Julia F. Ridpath ◽  
Binu T. Valayudhan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Genome Characterization ◽  
Genotype C ◽  
Type 3

scholarly journals Development and Biocompatibility Characterization of a BioMEMS Sensor for Monitoring the Progression of Fracture Healing

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon G. Santoni ◽  
Rohat Melik ◽  
Emre Unal ◽  
Nihan Kosku Perkgoz ◽  
Debra A. Kamstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Early Period ◽  
The United States ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Extremity Injuries ◽  
Manual Manipulation

Orthopaedic extremity injuries present a large medical and financial burden to the United States and world-wide communities [1]. Approximately six million long bone fractures are reported annually in the United States and approximately 10% of these fractures do not heal properly. Though the exact mechanism of impaired healing is poorly understood, many of these non-unions result when there is a communited condition that does not proceed through a stabilized healing pathway [2]. Currently, clinicians may monitor healing visually by radiographs, or via manual manipulation of the bone at the fracture [3]. Unfortunately, the course of aberrant fracture healing is not easily diagnosed in the early period when standard radiographic information of the fracture is not capable of discriminating the healing pathway. Manual assessment of fracture healing is also an inadequate diagnostic tool in the early stages of healing [4].

Triple-negative breast carcinoma in women from Vietnam and the United States: characterization of differential marker expression by tissue microarray

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1176-1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daron J. Williams ◽  
Cynthia Cohen ◽  
Ta Van To ◽  
Andrew J. Page ◽  
Diane Lawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Tissue Microarray ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
The United States ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Marker Expression

Dundreary’s Whiskers

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-45
Author(s):  
Sarah Meer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Student ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Martin Chuzzlewit ◽  
The Times ◽  
Pedagogical Relationship ◽  
Great Exhibition

This chapter introduces precursors to the claimant—the theatrical Yankee and his vehicle the trip play, in which Britons travelled to the United States, or Americans to Britain. The trip plays cast light on Frances Trollope’s Domestic Manners of the Americans, and on Dickens’s Martin Chuzzlewit and American Notes. In Tom Taylor’s Our American Cousin, a trip play involves a claimant, inaugurating patterns evident in the structure and characterization of subsequent claimant texts. The chapter relates mid-century transatlantic tensions to the creation and staging of Our American Cousin, as reflected in Great Exhibition dramas and the newsprint duels of The Times and the New York Herald. It also suggests that the play drew on a pedagogical relationship between Tom Taylor and an American student at Cambridge, Charles Astor Bristed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document