ABSTRACT
Multistep algorithmic testing in which a sensitive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) is followed by a specific toxin A and toxin B enzyme immunoassay (EIA) is among the most accurate methods for
Clostridium difficile
infection (CDI) diagnosis. The obvious shortcoming of this approach is that multiple tests must be performed to establish a CDI diagnosis, which may delay treatment. Therefore, we sought to determine whether a preliminary diagnosis could be made on the basis of the quantitative results of the first test in algorithmic testing, which provide a measure of organism burden. To do so, we retrospectively analyzed two large collections of samples (
n
= 2,669 and
n
= 1,718) that were submitted to the laboratories of two Dutch hospitals for CDI testing. Both hospitals apply a two-step testing algorithm in which a NAAT is followed by a toxin A/B EIA. Of all samples, 208 and 113 samples, respectively, tested positive by NAAT. Among these NAAT-positive samples, significantly lower mean quantification cycle (
C
q
) values were found for patients whose stool eventually tested positive for toxin, compared with patients who tested negative for toxin (mean
C
q
values of 24.4 versus 30.4 and 26.8 versus 32.2;
P
< 0.001 for both cohorts). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to investigate the ability of
C
q
values to predict toxin status and yielded areas under the curve of 0.826 and 0.854. Using the optimal
C
q
cutoff values, prediction of the eventual toxin A/B EIA results was accurate for 78.9% and 80.5% of samples, respectively. In conclusion,
C
q
values can serve as predictors of toxin status but, due to the suboptimal correlation between the two tests, additional toxin testing is still needed.
A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study of the Utility of Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test in Diagnosis of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis in People Living with HIV in Second Highest HIV Prevalent State in India
