Cross‐Border M&As and the Performance of Chinese Acquiring Firms

World Economy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenli Sun ◽  
Dan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Cross Border ◽  
Acquiring Firms

Determinants of stock market reaction to cross-border acquisitions: evidence from emerging economies

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samta Jain ◽  
Smita Kashiramka ◽  
P. K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Acquiring Firms

PurposeThe global economy has witnessed an exponential increase in cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) by emerging market companies (EMCs), demanding a relook at their internationalization strategy. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether the announcement of CBAs by EMCs creates value for the equity-holders of acquiring firms and identify factors affecting the valuation of acquiring companies.Design/methodology/approachThe paper investigates the announcement impact of CBAs of CNX Nifty 500 Indian and SSE 380 Chinese companies. The event study analysis of 553 Indian and 125 Chinese acquisitions supports the contention that CBAs are indeed a strategic choice of EMCs for value creation.FindingsCBAs generate positive and statistically significant abnormal returns for shareholders of both Indian and Chinese acquirers. The markets, however, differ in terms of their motivations; country-level factors have been observed to exert significant influence on the returns of Indian acquirers. Indian companies experience larger value creation on acquiring firms established in developed, institutionally closer and/or economically distant markets. The findings support the asset-seeking motive of Indian companies.Originality/valueThe research work contributes to the evolving stream of CBAs literature with a focus on the globalization strategies of EMCs. The present study is a modest attempt to lay the foundation for a new theoretical framework (asset-seeking perspective) of overseas acquisitions from emerging economies. The existing studies on emerging economies have emphasized, in isolation, either Indian CBAs or international acquisitions by Chinese firms. Being so, the study is unique and original in the sense that it is a comparative study of India and China.

Consumers’ reactions to cross-border acquisitions

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-677
Author(s):  
Riccardo Resciniti ◽  
Michela Matarazzo ◽  
Gabriele Baima
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Corporate Reputation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Psychic Distance ◽  
Target Firm ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Acquiring Firms

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on consumers’ reactions to cross-border acquisitions (CBA) by exploring the role of consumer perceptions of the psychic distance between the country of the acquirer and that of the target firm when the acquiring corporation has a good or poor reputation. Design/methodology/approach A 2×2 experimental design which manipulated psychic distance and acquirer’s corporate reputation was conducted in Italy. The study considers an Italian food target firm and compares four foreign acquiring firms with different combinations of corporate reputation (good/poor) and psychic distance to Italy (small/large). Findings The authors found that the degree of psychic distance between the countries of the acquiring and targeted firms was inversely related to Italian consumers’ intentions to repurchase the products of the post-acquisition target, and unrelated to the acquirer’s corporate reputation. Originality/value This is the first study focusing on psychic distance in the context of CBA, especially from the perspective of consumer behavior, which can help to better understand certain negative reactions toward the acquisition of a business.

scholarly journals A comparison of earnings management between domestic and cross-border mergers.

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Amy Yueh-Fang Ho
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Information ◽  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Earnings Management ◽  
Information Asymmetry ◽  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Informational Asymmetry ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Acquiring Firms ◽  
International Mergers

This study examines how U.S. acquiring firms managed their earnings by means of discretionary accruals prior to the announcement of stock-for-stock domestic and cross-border mergers during the period 1980 to 2002. The objective of this study is to determine whether earnings management is exacerbated in cross-border mergers according to the informational asymmetry hypothesis. The results show that that acquiring firms tend to manage earnings upward prior to stock swap domestic takeovers. In addition, the results reveal some evidence of earnings management prior to stock swap cross-border takeovers. However, the empirical results exhibit no significant distinction in earnings management between the domestic and cross-border mergers. Despite the possible existence of asymmetric information associated with cross-border takeover activities, the international mergers and acquisitions do not facilitate managers to engage in more aggressive earnings management. The findings suggest that the higher degree of information asymmetry in cross-border mergers does not contribute to a higher degree of earnings management.

Do frequent acquirers outperform in cross-border acquisitions? A study of Indian companies

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-514
Author(s):  
Samta Jain ◽  
Smita Kashiramka ◽  
P.K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Operating Performance ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Acquisition Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acquisition Period ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Acquiring Firms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of cross-border acquisitions (CBAs) on the financial and operating performance of acquiring firms from emerging economies in the long-term; the acquiring firms have been segregated into frequent (multiple) and first-time (single) acquirers based on their prior cross-border experience. The intent is to identify if overseas activities bring over and above advantage to multiple acquirers in terms of enhanced financial synergies and reduced costs, motivating them to engage in sequential international transactions. Design/methodology/approach The paper analyses the impact of CBAs announced and completed during 2004–2013 by Indian companies listed on the NIFTY 500 index. The post-acquisition financial and operating performance of Indian cross-border acquirers has been compared with their pre-acquisition performance. The average performance over three-years immediately preceding the acquisition year constitutes the benchmark for the post-acquisition performance. The post-acquisition period includes a year of integration followed by three successive post-integration years. Therefore, in operational terms, the research period extends from 2001–2017. The long-term performance of frequent (multiple) and first-time (single) Indian acquirers has been investigated comprehensively using a set of 16 financial ratios. The performance has been assessed using the secondary data collected from financial statements of acquiring companies; the financial statements and the list of CBAs by Indian companies have been obtained from Thomson Reuter’s EIKON database. Findings The financial and operating performance of frequent as well as first-time acquirers have depicted a similarly deteriorating trend during the post-acquisition period. These findings indicate that the international expansion of Indian companies is not guided by synergy creation potential and may be pushed by the overconfidence or over-optimism and agency conflicts of managers. This, perhaps, indicates that firms are being imprudent in investing free cash flows available with them. Originality/value The study is the first of its kind. No study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, has analysed the performance of acquiring firms by segregating them into frequent and first-time acquirers using accounting measures of performance. More so, an extensive analysis of the long-term financial and operating performance of acquiring companies is rare to come across in the extant literature.

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions: links between acquiring firm capabilities and resources and target country location

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-379
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Parente ◽  
Keith James Kelley ◽  
Yannick Thams ◽  
Marcelo J. Alvarado-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Target Firm ◽  
Firm Capabilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Acquiring Firms ◽  
Target Firms ◽  
Innovative Capabilities ◽  
Eclectic Paradigm ◽  
Country Selection ◽  
Target Country

Purpose Drawing upon the eclectic paradigm and the regulative dimension of institutional distance theory, it is posited that to understand a firms’ cross-border merger and acquisition (CBMA) location choices, it is critical to examine the acquirers’ ownership advantages. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of CBMAs undertaken by US firms from 1999 to 2015, the paper explores the extent to which acquiring firm ownership advantages – financial and innovation capabilities – influence target firm country selection in relation to regulative distance. Findings It is shown that acquiring firms with greater innovative capabilities are likely to choose target firms in nations with less regulative distance from their home market; whereas firms with greater financial capabilities target firms in more distant nations. Originality/value This paper builds on the important research on CBMA activity, focusing on the largely neglected pre-acquisition resources in relation to the regulative distance between target firms and the acquirer.

Cross-border acquisitions and family businesses

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Ossorio
Keyword(s):  
Family Firms ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Family Firm ◽  
Entry Modes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mode Of Entry ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Acquiring Firms ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Internationalization Strategies

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to shed light on the propensity of family firms to join a cross-border acquisition as acquirers. Design/methodology/approach The present study analyzes a sample of 270 acquisitions in the period 2015–2017 whose acquiring firms are represented by family and nonfamily listed European firms. Findings The results point out that family firms are less likely to make a cross-border acquisition than nonfamily counterparts. Research limitations/implications Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity is cyclical by nature, represented by waves of concentrated intensity rather than necessarily by constant activity over time. Therefore, the main limitation is represented by the period analyzed (2015–2017), which restricts the possibility of seizing a greater number of transactions. Practical implications If careful evaluation leads to the consideration of M&A as the optimal mode of entry into a certain foreign market, family firms should broaden the pool from which managers are selected in order to access more qualified staff, who are able to face international M&As. Originality/value In recent years, a growing body of literature has focused on the effects of family ownership on the propensity of making an M&A, on the method of payment chosen by an acquired family firm, and on the reaction of the market at the announcement of a family business’ M&A. However, despite of the relevance of the entry modes of firms’ internationalization strategies, scant attention has been devoted to cross-border M&As conducted by family firms, which occur when a family firm acquires a firm located in a foreign country. In order to fill the research gap, this work investigates the likelihood of a family firm’s acquisition of a foreign target.

scholarly journals Financial Deepening, Banking Stability and Cross-border M&A Activity - Evidences from Emerging Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 810-823
Author(s):  
Shiow-Ying Wen
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Financial Deepening ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Acquiring Firms ◽  
Financial Depth ◽  
Banking Stability ◽  
Positive Effect

This study investigates the effect of financial deepening, banking stability and market structure on cross-border M&A activity in 13 emerging countries with data covering the period, 2003-2010. We show the empirical results of panel regression by sub grouping portfolio based on whether the firms are acquirer or target to cross-border M&A activity. For acquiring countries, the results show a significantly positive effect of the deepening indicator in cross-border M&A activity. Moreover, bank stability on the acquiring firms investing in the cross-border M&As shows a significantly positive effect. For targeting countries, the results show a significantly positive impact of the deepening indicator in cross-border M&A activity. A positive relation between the ratio of the amount of credit provided by banks and other financial institutions to the private sector to GDP in cross-border M&A activity is found as well. These findings imply that not only financial depth but also banking stability promotes cross-border M&A activity for emerging economies.

scholarly journals Do cross-border acquisitions create more shareholder value than domestic deals for firms in a mature economy? The Japanese case

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-1) ◽  
pp. 268-281
Author(s):  
Kotaro Inoue ◽  
Robert Ings
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Shareholder Wealth ◽  
G7 Countries ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Acquiring Firms ◽  
Target Firms ◽  
The Us ◽  
Shareholder Wealth Effect ◽  
Us Financial Crisis

In this paper, we analyse the shareholder wealth effect in domestic and cross-border acquisitions involving Japanese acquiring firms over the period from 2000 to 2010. The results of our study reveal that cross-border acquisitions create larger returns for the acquirers’ shareholders than domestic deals. Furthermore, although acquisitions of firms in G7 countries create larger value than other acquisitions in the period between 2000 and 2003, in the period between 2008 and 2010, which corresponds to a period of slow economic growth in G7 countries after the US financial crisis, acquisitions involving target firms in non-G7 countries created greater wealth gains for shareholders than deals that targeted firms in G7 countries. Our results highlight the growing importance of M&A target firms in growing markets for mature firms in advanced and slow-growth economies.

Trade Networks and Cross-Border Acquisitions: Evidence from United States Acquiring Firms

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 916-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hun Han ◽  
Eun Jin Jo ◽  
Dong-Kyoon Kim ◽  
Duk Hee Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Acquiring Firms

scholarly journals Malaysian Acquiring Firms' Shareholders' Wealth Effect Following Cross-Border Acquisition

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Yusnidah Ibrahim ◽  
Raji Jimoh Olajide ◽  
Mohd Sobri Minai ◽  
Md. Mohan Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Wealth Effect ◽  
Target Firm ◽  
Distance Method ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Acquiring Firms ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate long run shareholders' wealth effect (SWE) of Malaysian acquiring firms following cross-border acquisition (CBA). Methodology: Using buy-and-hold abnormal returns (BHAR) measure of SWE and Euclidean distance method for identifying matching firms, the study investigated 176 CBA deals of Malaysian acquiring firms for the years 2004-2015. Both parametric tests (such as conventional t-statistics, skewness adjusted t-statistics, bootstrapping skewness adjusted t-statistics and Multivariate of Analysis of Variance) and non-parametric statistical (such as Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test) tools were employed to analyze the data and test the hypotheses regarding the impact of CBA deals on acquiring firms' SWE. Results: The research found that the SWE of acquiring firms is significantly positive in the shorter period while negative or mixed in the longer period. Furthermore, SWE is found to be different across several groups: (i) Shariah-complaint status firms vs. conventional firms (ii) level of control in target firm (such as major vs. minor acquisitions), (iii) Diversifying acquisition (for example, related vs unrelated acquisition). However, SWE does not differ from industry to industry. Implications: This research presents unique empirical evidences related to long run SWE of Malaysian acquiring firms following CBA. The findings imply that CBA is more success in the longer period.

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