Assessing rainwater harvesting systems and reliability analysis of storage tanks: a monitoring study and system simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 158-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oweis Molaei ◽  
Mahdi Kouchakzadeh ◽  
Fereshte Haghighi Fashi
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
System Simulation ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Harvesting Systems

scholarly journals Reliability Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Southern Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 373-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenza Notaro ◽  
Lorena Liuzzo ◽  
Gabriele Freni
Keyword(s):  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Harvesting Systems

Multi-method efficiency analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Systems in Corredor Seco region, Central America

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bresci ◽  
Giulio Castelli ◽  
Nadia Ursino ◽  
Antonio Giacomin ◽  
Federico Preti
Keyword(s):  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Rainfall Time Series ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Harvesting Systems

<p>The region of Corridor Seco (Dry Corridor, including parts of Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador) has been facing multiple food crises caused by extreme weather events, water scarcity and land degradation phenomena. In this situation, Rooftop Water Harvesting (RWH) systems can effectively enhance local livelihoods, especially in marginalized communities, by providing an additional water source for domestic use, livestock, and irrigation of small horticultural plots which are key for vegetable production and thus for vitaminic input in a well-balanced diet.</p><p>Dimensioning sufficient storage tanks for rainwater collection is key, since smallholder farmers’ capabilities are often hindered by low financial capacity as well as by limited land extension for reservoir building.</p><p>Efficiency of storage tanks and design criteria for water harvesting systems are investigated on the base of rainfall time series analysis, probabilistic risk assessment and Monte Carlo simulation (Ursino, 2016). The approach is tested on a series of (RWH) systems built in Guatemalan part of the Corredor Seco, Chiquimula department, with sustainable and appropriate building techniques, but with variable size due to the variability of each household. Factors affecting efficiency of storage tanks are discussed to inform future sustainable water management planning in the area.</p><p>Reference:</p><p>Ursino, N. Risk Analysis Approach to Rainwater Harvesting Systems. Water 2016, 8, 337. https://doi.org/10.3390/w8080337</p>

Regional scale analysis for the design of storage tanks for domestic rainwater harvesting systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Campisano ◽  
C. Modica
Keyword(s):  
Dimensionless Parameter ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
Stepwise Procedure

A regional scale analysis for the design of storage tanks for domestic rain water harvesting systems is presented. The analysis is based on the daily water balance simulation of the storage tank by the yield-after-spillage algorithm as tank release rule. Water balances are applied to 17 rainfall gauging stations in Sicily (Italy). Compared with literature existing methods, a novel dimensionless parameter is proposed to better describe the intra-annual character of the rainfall patterns. As a result, easy-to-use regional regressive models to evaluate the water saving performance and the overflow discharges from the tank are provided along with a stepwise procedure for practical application. The regional models demonstrate good fits between model predictions and simulated values of both water savings and overflows from the tank.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Methods to Address Anaerobic Conditions in Rainwater Harvesting Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3419
Author(s):  
Kathy DeBusk Gee ◽  
Daniel Schimoler ◽  
Bree T. Charron ◽  
Mitch D. Woodward ◽  
William F. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Arid Regions ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Harvesting Systems ◽  
Semi Arid

Although historically used in semi-arid and arid regions, rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems have increasingly been used in non-arid and humid regions of the world to conserve potable water and mitigate stormwater runoff. Rainfall characteristics and usage patterns of stored rainwater are distinctly different in (semi-)arid and humid regions, thus presenting a unique set of challenges with respect to their utilization. Coupled with infrequent use, the addition of nitrogen and organic matter via pollen during the spring season can lead to anaerobic conditions within storage tanks, which hinders nitrogen removal, gives stored water an offensive odor, and ultimately discourages use of the water. This study evaluated three measures that can be implemented for new and existing RWH systems to prevent the development of anaerobic conditions within storage tanks: first flush diversion, simulated use, and the continuous circulation of stored water. Study findings indicate that preventing anaerobic conditions via simulated use and recirculation (1) does not necessarily remedy the issue of poor aesthetics within rainwater storage tanks, and (2) can decrease the water quality benefits provided by these systems. Rather, preventing the introduction of pollen and particulate matter to the storage tank via a first flush diverter and minimizing disturbance of settled material in the tank appear to be the most effective methods of addressing the poor aesthetics and odor problems associated with anaerobic conditions.

scholarly journals Optimal Sizing of Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting Tanks for Sustainable Domestic Water Use in the West Bank, Palestine

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 573
Author(s):  
Sameer Shadeed ◽  
Sandy Alawna
Keyword(s):  
Storage Tank ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
West Bank ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Domestic Water ◽  
The West ◽  
Average Family ◽  
Rooftop Rainwater Harvesting

In highly water-poor areas, rooftop rainwater harvesting (RRWH) can be used for a self-sustaining and self-reliant domestic water supply. The designing of an optimal RRWH storage tank is a key parameter to implement a reliable RRWH system. In this study, the optimal size of RRWH storage tanks in the different West Bank governorates was estimated based on monthly (all governorates) and daily (i.e., Nablus) inflow (RRWH) and outflow (domestic water demand, DWD) data. In the estimation of RRWH, five rooftop areas varying between 100 m2 and 300 m2 were selected. Moreover, the reliability of the adopting RRWH system in the different West Bank governorates was tested. Two-time series scenarios were assumed: Scenario 1, S1 (12 months, annual) and scenario 2, S2 (8 months, rainy). As a result, reliable curves for preliminary estimation of optimal RRWH storage tanks for the different West Bank governorates were obtained. Results show that the required storage tank for S1 (annual) is more than that of the S2 (rainy) one. The required storage tank to fulfill DWD is based on the average rooftop area of 150 m2, the average family members of 4.8, and the average DWD of 90 L per capita per day (L/c/d) varies between (75 m3 to 136 m3) and (24 m3 to 84 m3) for S2 for the different West Bank governorates. Further, it is found that the optimal RRWH tank size for the 150 m2 rooftop ranges between 20 m3 (in Jericho) to 75 m3 (in Salfit and Nablus) and between 20 m3 (in Jericho) to 51 m3 (in Jerusalem) for S1 and S2 scenarios, respectively. Finally, results show that the implementation of an RRWH system for a rooftop area of 150 m2 and family members of 4.8 is reliable for all of the West Bank governorates except Jericho. Whereas, the reliability doesn’t exceed 19% for the two scenarios. However, the reduction of DWDv is highly affecting the reliability of adopting RRWH systems in Jericho (the least rainfall governorate). For instance, a family DWDv of 3.2 m3/month (25% of the average family DWDv in the West Bank) will increase the reliability at a rooftop area of 150 m2 to 51% and 76% for S1 and S2, respectively.

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