Complex Shape Measurement Using 3D Scanner

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahmita Wirza O.K. Rahmat ◽  
Seng Beng Ng ◽  
Kamini Sangaralingam
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Knee Prosthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Automated Inspection ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Inspection Systems

Sistem Pemeriksaan Automatik biasanya bermula dengan teknik Reka bentuk Berbantukan Komputer (CAD) dan berakhir dengan janaan arahan mesin untuk menukarkan bahan mentah kepada produk akhir, memperolehi data tiga dimensi untuk membina model permukaan berparameter bagi tujuan analisis ralat, duplikasi atau memperbaiki objek tersebut. Ia melibatkan pendigitalan permukaan objek yang perlu diperiksa, janaan model CAD dan analisis keputusan pemeriksaan. Pendigitalan boleh dilakukan dengan teknik kuar sentuh atau pengesan tanpa sentuh. Biasanya, tanpa bantuan daripada pengeluar, adalah sukar untuk memantau dan mengenal pasti perubahan produk selepas digunakan. Tambahan pula, reka bentuk cetakan asal tidak didedahkan. Objektif utama kertas ini ialah mencadangkan suatu algoritma yang mampu mengekstrak maklumat daripada objek berbentuk kompleks yang telah didigitalkan (dengan menggunakan pengimbas laser), misalnya cangkukan lutut, untuk menjanakan reka bentuk cetakannya. Diharapkan penyelidik lain, terutamanya dalam bidang perubatan dan bio-kejuruteraan mendapat manfaat daripada algoritma ini untuk meramal dan menganggar perubahan bekas cangkukan perubatan dan seterusnya mengubah reka bentuknya untuk memenuhi kehendak pesakit. Kata kunci: Pemeriksaan automatik, reka bentuk cetakan, cangkukan lutut, pengimbas 3D, gantian lutut total Automated inspection systems usually start from computer-aided design (CAD) techniques, and end with either generation of machining instructions required to convert a raw material into a finished product, or to obtain three-dimensional data for constructing a parametric surface model of the product for the purpose of error analysis, or to duplicate or enhance the object. It involves surface digitization of an existing part that needs inspection, CAD model creation and analyzing the inspection results. Most of the time, without the help from the manufacturer, it is very difficult to do inspection and to detect any changes of the product after being used. In addition, the original blueprints of most manufacturing products are not being revealed to the public. The main objective of this paper is to propose an algorithm that is able to extract information from digitized complex shape objects (using laser scanner), such as the medical knee implant (knee prosthesis), to generate their blueprint. It is hoped that other researchers, especially in the medical and bioengineering field, can benefit from this proposed algorithm to predict or approximate the changes of the medical ex-plant and modify its design to suit the patient needs. Key words: Automated inspection, blueprint, prosthesis, 3D scanner, total knee replacement

scholarly journals DETECTION OF CRACKS IN PAVED ROAD SURFACE USING LASER SCAN IMAGE DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 559-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Choi ◽  
L. Zhu ◽  
H. Kurosu
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Rolling Ball ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paved Road

In the current study, we developed a methodology for detecting cracks in the surface of paved road using 3D digital surface model of road created by measuring with three-dimensional laser scanner which works on the basis of the light-section method automatically. For the detection of cracks from the imagery data of the model, the background subtraction method (Rolling Ball Background Subtraction Algorithm) was applied to the data for filtering out the background noise originating from the undulation and gradual slope and also for filtering the ruts that were caused by wearing, aging and excessive use of road and other reasons. We confirmed the influence from the difference in height (depth) caused by forgoing reasons included in a data can be reduced significantly at this stage. Various parameters of ball radius were applied for checking how the result of data obtained with this process vary according to the change of parameter and it becomes clear that there are not important differences by the change of parameters if they are in a certain range radius. And then, image segmentation was performed by multi-resolution segmentation based on the object-based image analysis technique. The parameters for the image segmentation, scale, pixel value (height/depth) and the compactness of objects were used. For the classification of cracks in the database, the height, length and other geometric property are used and we confirmed the method is useful for the detection of cracks in a paved road surface.

Anthropometry-Based Surface Modeling of the Human Torso

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Peter R. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Garment Design ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Reference Body

Abstract There is an increasing need for computerized surface model of the human body in human growth, garment design and ergonomics. However, there is a shortage of three-dimensional (3-D) models of the human body in practical applications. This paper presents a new approach for constructing a 3-D surface model of the human torso using anthropometry. The torso is created by from a reference body of average shape which is represented by a family of cross-sectional curves. The shape and size of the reference body can be modified according to anthropometric data. This approach has been implemented on a personal computer. The resulting 3-D model is a parametric surface based on non-uniform B-splines and can easily be exported to other computer aided design applications.

Stereolithographic Additive Manufacturing of Bulky Ceramic Components with Functionally Geometric Micropattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000001-000005
Author(s):  
Soshu Kirihara
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Artificial Bones ◽  
Cad Cam

Abstract In a stereolithographic additive manufacturing (AM), two dimensional (2D) cross sectional patterns were created through photo polymerization by ultraviolet laser drawing on spread resin paste including ceramic nanoparticles, and three dimensional (3D) composite models were sterically printed by layer lamination through chemical bonding. An automatic collimeter was equipped with the laser scanner to adjust beam diameter. Fine or coarse beams could realize high resolution or wide area drawings, respectively. Metal and ceramic bulky components including dendritic networks were geometrically built by using stereolithographic AM. Geometric patterns with periodic, self-similar, graded and fluctuated arrangements were created by computer aided design, manufacture and evaluation (CAD/CAM/CAE) for effective modulations of energy and material flows through dielectric lattices in photonic crystals, porous electrodes in fuel cells and biological scaffolds in artificial bones.

scholarly journals A Multidisciplinary Approach for Historic Buildings Diagnosis: The Case Study of the Kaisariani Monastery

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1211-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽  
Georgia Mourgi ◽  
Elisavet Tsilimantou ◽  
Charalabos Ioannidis ◽  
Antonia Moropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Sustainable Protection

In this work, a multi-disciplinary approach regarding diagnostic study processes is presented, using as an example the Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery in Attica, Greece. Kaisariani Monastery is considered one of the most important Byzantine architectural complexes in Greece. The Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery was built during the middle Byzantine period, and has undergone many reconstructions during the centuries. It is a semi-complex, four-columned, cross-in-square church, with a cloisonné masonry. The suggested diagnostic processes included the creation of multidisciplinary thematic maps in Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment, which incorporated: (a) data of historical and architectural documentation; (b) data of geometric documentation; and (c) data of building materials characterization and decay diagnosis. The historical and general architectural data were acquired by thorough bibliographical/archival research. Geometric documentation data were acquired by three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner for the creation of the Catholicon section drawings, whereas image based photogrammetric techniques were utilized for the creation of a 3D textured model, from which orthoimages and architectural drawings of the Catholicon façades were developed. In parallel, characterization of building materials and identification of decay patterns took place after the onsite application of the nondestructive techniques of digital microscopy, infrared thermography and ground penetrating radar. These vast array kinds of data were elaborated and integrated into the architectural drawings, developing thematic maps that record and represent the current preservation state of the monument, a concerning major construction phases, the most important conservation intervention projects, building materials and decay. Furthermore, data quantification regarding the extent of building materials and decay at each monument’s façade took place. Therefore, correlation and better understanding of the environmental impact on building materials according to façade orientation and historical data, e.g., construction phases, was accomplished. In conclusion, the presented processes are multidisciplinary tasks that require collaboration among architects, surveyor engineers and materials scientists/engineers. They are also prerequisites for the planning and application of compatible and efficient conservation/restoration interventions, for the ultimate goal of the sustainable protection of a monument.

scholarly journals Hybrid approach for alignment of a pre-processed three-dimensional point cloud, video, and CAD model using partial point cloud in retrofitting applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 155014771876645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Patil ◽  
G Ajay Kumar ◽  
Tae-Hyoung Kim ◽  
Young Ho Chai
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Point Cloud ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Point Cloud Data ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Video Scene ◽  
Engineering Models ◽  
Aided Design

Acquiring the three-dimensional point cloud data of a scene using a laser scanner and the alignment of the point cloud data within a real-time video environment view of a camera is a very new concept and is an efficient method for constructing, monitoring, and retrofitting complex engineering models in heavy industrial plants. This article presents a novel prototype framework for virtual retrofitting applications. The workflow includes an efficient 4-in-1 alignment, beginning with the coordination of pre-processed three-dimensional point cloud data using a partial point cloud from LiDAR and alignment of the pre-processed point cloud within the video scene using a frame-by-frame registering method. Finally, the proposed approach can be utilized in pre-retrofitting applications by pre-generated three-dimensional computer-aided design models virtually retrofitted with the help of a synchronized point cloud, and a video scene is efficiently visualized using a wearable virtual reality device. The prototype method is demonstrated in a real-world setting, using the partial point cloud from LiDAR, pre-processed point cloud data, and video from a two-dimensional camera.

scholarly journals DETECTION OF CRACKS IN PAVED ROAD SURFACE USING LASER SCAN IMAGE DATA

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B1 ◽  
pp. 559-562
Author(s):  
J. Choi ◽  
L. Zhu ◽  
H. Kurosu
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Background Subtraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Road Surface ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Rolling Ball ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Paved Road

In the current study, we developed a methodology for detecting cracks in the surface of paved road using 3D digital surface model of road created by measuring with three-dimensional laser scanner which works on the basis of the light-section method automatically. For the detection of cracks from the imagery data of the model, the background subtraction method (Rolling Ball Background Subtraction Algorithm) was applied to the data for filtering out the background noise originating from the undulation and gradual slope and also for filtering the ruts that were caused by wearing, aging and excessive use of road and other reasons. We confirmed the influence from the difference in height (depth) caused by forgoing reasons included in a data can be reduced significantly at this stage. Various parameters of ball radius were applied for checking how the result of data obtained with this process vary according to the change of parameter and it becomes clear that there are not important differences by the change of parameters if they are in a certain range radius. And then, image segmentation was performed by multi-resolution segmentation based on the object-based image analysis technique. The parameters for the image segmentation, scale, pixel value (height/depth) and the compactness of objects were used. For the classification of cracks in the database, the height, length and other geometric property are used and we confirmed the method is useful for the detection of cracks in a paved road surface.

A Solution to the Missing-View Problem for Polyhedral Solids

1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. L. Srinivas ◽  
Debasish Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Machine Vision ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Partial Information ◽  
Connectivity Matrix ◽  
Automated Inspection ◽  
Vertex Connectivity ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Inspection Systems ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
The Given

Abstract An algorithm for generating the missing view corresponding to a given pair of orthoghonal views of a polyhedral solid is presented. The solution involves reconstructing the solids from the partial information given and then generating the missing view. The input is a vertex connectivity matrix describing the given views. Reconstruction of solids from incomplete orthographic views will have applications in computer-aided design, machine vision and automated inspection systems.

Simulation-Based Ship Production Using Three-Dimensional CAD

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-159
Author(s):  
Yasuhisa Okumoto ◽  
Kentaro Hiyoku ◽  
Noritaka Uesugi
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Complex Shape ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Integrated Manufacturing ◽  
Digital Manufacturing ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Ship Structure ◽  
Cad System ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Aided Design

The application of three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) is becoming more popular for design and production in many industrial fields, and digital manufacturing is spreading. With preconstruction simulation of the production process using a three-dimensional digital model, which is a core of a computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) system, the efficiency and safety of production can be improved at each stage of work and optimization of manufacturing can be achieved. This paper first describes the concept of simulation-based production in shipbuilding and digital manufacturing. The three-dimensional CAD system is indispensable for effective simulation because the ship structure is three-dimensionally complex, and threedimensional viewer software enables workers to examine structures on a computer display. With simulation, computer-optimized manufacturing is possible. Simulation is most effective for jobs in which many parties must cooperate to handle structures or equipment of complex shape. Two-dimensional drawings are inadequate for imaging whole figures in such cases. Some examples of the successful applications in IHI Marine United, Inc., are shown: erection of a complex hull block, scaffolding planning, and installation of a rudder.

scholarly journals Application of process mapping for digitization of mechanical parts with 3D laser scanner

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Piratelli-Filho ◽  
Alberto José Alvares ◽  
Rosenda Valdés Arencibia
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Mapping Method ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Process Mapping ◽  
Mechanical Parts ◽  
Cad Models ◽  
Measurement Planning ◽  
Aided Design

This work presents a systematization method for digitization of mechanical parts with three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner using the process mapping method. The application involves the use of the IDEFØ methodology of process mapping to address the sequence of steps required to obtain the computer-aided design (CAD) model of the measured part. The variables involved in the setup and measurement with 3D laser scanner were investigated and applied to regular and free-form parts, and the parameter geometry, texture, light reflection and procedure of data acquisition were considered in the analysis. The software commands used to create the CAD models were also included and the ones related to mesh and surface creation were detailed. The systematized measurement planning was graphi graphically presented, and it proved useful to operators during the digitization process.

scholarly journals Accuracy of an automated three-dimensional technique for the computation of femoral angles in dogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (14) ◽  
pp. 443-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Longo ◽  
Gianpaolo Savio ◽  
Barbara Contiero ◽  
Roberto Meneghello ◽  
Gianmaria Concheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Deformity Correction ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
3D Scanner ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Femoral Torsion ◽  
Custom Made

Aims: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy of a three-dimensional (3D) automated technique (computer-aided design (aCAD)) for the measurement of three canine femoral angles: anatomical lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA), femoral neck angle (FNA) and femoral torsion angle.Methods:Twenty-eight femurs equally divided intotwo groups (normal and abnormal) were obtained from 14 dogs of different conformations (dolicomorphic and chondrodystrophicCT scans and 3D scanner acquisitions were used to create stereolithographic (STL) files , which were run in a CAD platform. Two blinded observers separately performed the measurements using the STL obtained from CT scans (CT aCAD) and 3D scanner (3D aCAD), which was considered the gold standard method. C orrelation coefficients were used to investigate the strength of the relationship between the two measurements.Results: A ccuracy of the aCAD computation was good, being always above the threshold of R2 of greater than 80 per cent for all three angles assessed in both groups. a LDFA and FNA were the most accurate angles (accuracy >90 per cent).Conclusions: The proposed 3D aCAD protocol can be considered a reliable technique to assess femoral angle measurements in canine femur. The developed algorithm automatically calculates the femoral angles in 3D, thus considering the subjective intrinsic femur morphology. The main benefit relies on a fast user-independent computation, which avoids user-related measurement variability. The accuracy of 3D details may be helpful for patellar luxation and femoral bone deformity correction, as well as for the design of patient- specific, custom-made hip prosthesis implants.

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