Stereolithographic Additive Manufacturing of Bulky Ceramic Components with Functionally Geometric Micropattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (CICMT) ◽  
pp. 000001-000005
Author(s):  
Soshu Kirihara
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geometric Patterns ◽  
Artificial Bones ◽  
Cad Cam

Abstract In a stereolithographic additive manufacturing (AM), two dimensional (2D) cross sectional patterns were created through photo polymerization by ultraviolet laser drawing on spread resin paste including ceramic nanoparticles, and three dimensional (3D) composite models were sterically printed by layer lamination through chemical bonding. An automatic collimeter was equipped with the laser scanner to adjust beam diameter. Fine or coarse beams could realize high resolution or wide area drawings, respectively. Metal and ceramic bulky components including dendritic networks were geometrically built by using stereolithographic AM. Geometric patterns with periodic, self-similar, graded and fluctuated arrangements were created by computer aided design, manufacture and evaluation (CAD/CAM/CAE) for effective modulations of energy and material flows through dielectric lattices in photonic crystals, porous electrodes in fuel cells and biological scaffolds in artificial bones.

scholarly journals A CAD analysis programme for prosthetics and orthotics

1994 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Lemaire
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Resolution Enhancement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shape Alignment ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Analysis Programme ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Microsoft Windows

A CAD (computer aided design) analysis software package (CADVIEW) was designed for use with prosthetic and orthotic CAD CAM (computer aided design/computer aided manufacture) systems. Using the Microsoft Windows 3.1 environment, CADVIEW provides a series of anatomical shape viewing and analysis tools. These tools include simultaneous display of multiple sockets and multiple views, two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) measurement, shape statistics, multi-shape alignment, cross-sectional comparison, colour coded 3D comparison, resolution enhancement, and image copying capabilities. This programme should be of benefit to clinicians and researchers who wish to assess and/or compare CAD data generated by MS-DOS based CAD CAM systems.

scholarly journals CAD/CAM Technology Challenges in Prosthodontics

2021 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Subtractive Manufacturing ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Aided Design

Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided-Manufacture or in short CAD/CAM technology is a revolutionary method which was utilized in dentistry in order to achieve more efficient and precise work that not only reduce time but also produce more patient satisfaction on the short and long term. Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) can be done by utilizing a specially designed software and an intraoral scanners or laboratory scanners which can construct a three dimensional image of scanned mouth or impression. Computer-Aided-Manufacture (CAM) on the other hand, can be done by subtractive or additive manufacturing. Subtractive manufacturing is done either by spark erosion or by a milling machine. Additive manufacturing on the other hand is made by layering technique in a step by step vertical buildup of the object or restoration. This review illustrates the indications, advantages, and limitations of CAD/CAM technology in construction of different types of restorations and the possible future of this technology.

Animal orthosis fabrication with additive manufacturing – a case study of custom orthosis for chicken

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiktoria Maria Wojnarowska ◽  
Jakub Najowicz ◽  
Tomasz Piecuch ◽  
Michał Sochacki ◽  
Dawid Pijanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
Traditional Manufacturing ◽  
Aided Design

Purpose Chicken orthoses that cover the ankle joint area are not commercially available. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to fabricate a customised temporary Ankle–Foot Orthosis (AFO) for a chicken with a twisted ankle using computer-aided design (CAD) and three-dimensional (3D) printing. The secondary objective of the paper is to present the specific application of Additive Manufacturing (AM) in veterinary medicine. Design/methodology/approach The design process was based on multiple sketches, photos and measurements that were provided by the owner of the animal. The 3D model of the orthosis was made with Autodesk Fusion 360, while the prototype was fabricated using fused deposition modelling (FDM). Evaluation of the AFO was performed using the finite element method. Findings The work resulted in a functional 3D printed AFO for chicken. It was found that the orthosis made with AM provides satisfactory stiffen and a good fit. It was concluded that AM is suitable for custom bird AFO fabrication and, in some respects, is superior to traditional manufacturing methods. It was also concluded that the presented procedure can be applied in other veterinary cases and to other animal species and other parts of their body. AM provides veterinary with a powerful tool for the production of well-fitted and durable orthoses for animals. Research limitations/implications The study does not include the chicken's opinion on the comfort or fit of the manufactured AFO due to communication issues. Evaluation of the final prototype was done by the researchers and the animal owner. Originality/value No evidence was found in the literature on the use of AM for chicken orthosis, so this study is the first to describe such an application of AM. In addition, the study demonstrates the value of AM in veterinary medicine, especially in the production of devices such as orthoses.

scholarly journals In-House, Open-Source 3D-Software-Based, CAD/CAM-Planned Mandibular Reconstructions in 20 Consecutive Free Fibula Flap Cases: An Explorative Cross-Sectional Study With Three-Dimensional Performance Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas M. Ritschl ◽  
Paul Kilbertus ◽  
Florian D. Grill ◽  
Matthias Schwarz ◽  
Jochen Weitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Dimensional Analysis ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Free Fibula Flap ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Free Fibula

BackgroundMandibular reconstruction is conventionally performed freehand, CAD/CAM-assisted, or by using partially adjustable resection aids. CAD/CAM-assisted reconstructions are usually done in cooperation with osteosynthesis manufacturers, which entails additional costs and longer lead time. The purpose of this study is to analyze an in-house, open-source software-based solution for virtual planning.Methods and MaterialsAll consecutive cases between January 2019 and April 2021 that underwent in-house, software-based (Blender) mandibular reconstruction with a free fibula flap (FFF) were included in this cross-sectional study. The pre- and postoperative Digital Imaging and Com munications in Medicine (DICOM) data were converted to standard tessellation language (STL) files. In addition to documenting general information (sex, age, indication for surgery, extent of resection, number of segments, duration of surgery, and ischemia time), conventional measurements and three-dimensional analysis methods (root mean square error [RMSE], mean surface distance [MSD], and Hausdorff distance [HD]) were used.ResultsTwenty consecutive cases were enrolled. Three-dimensional analysis of preoperative and virtually planned neomandibula models was associated with a median RMSE of 1.4 (0.4–7.2), MSD of 0.3 (-0.1–2.9), and HD of 0.7 (0.1–3.1). Three-dimensional comparison of preoperative and postoperative models showed a median RMSE of 2.2 (1.5–11.1), MSD of 0.5 (-0.6–6.1), and HD of 1.5 (1.1–6.5) and the differences were significantly different for RMSE (p < 0.001) and HD (p < 0.001). The difference was not significantly different for MSD (p = 0.554). Three-dimensional analysis of virtual and postoperative models had a median RMSE of 2.3 (1.3–10.7), MSD of -0.1 (-1.0–5.6), and HD of 1.7 (0.1–5.9).ConclusionsOpen-source software-based in-house planning is a feasible, inexpensive, and fast method that enables accurate reconstructions. Additionally, it is excellent for teaching purposes.

Increasing Part Accuracy in Additive Manufacturing Processes Using a k-d Tree Based Clustered Adaptive Layering

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Panhalkar ◽  
Ratnadeep Paul ◽  
Sam Anand
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Adaptive Slicing ◽  
Stl File ◽  
Build Time ◽  
Standard File Format ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Profile Errors

Additive manufacturing (AM) is widely used in aerospace, automobile, and medical industries for building highly accurate parts using a layer by layer approach. The stereolithography (STL) file is the standard file format used in AM machines and approximates the three-dimensional (3D) model of parts using planar triangles. However, as the STL file is an approximation of the actual computer aided design (CAD) surface, the geometric errors in the final manufactured parts are pronounced, particularly in those parts with highly curved surfaces. If the part is built with the minimum uniform layer thickness allowed by the AM machine, the manufactured part will typically have the best quality, but this will also result in a considerable increase in build time. Therefore, as a compromise, the part can be built with variable layer thicknesses, i.e., using an adaptive layering technique, which will reduce the part build time while still reducing the part errors and satisfying the geometric tolerance callouts on the part. This paper describes a new approach of determining the variable slices using a 3D k-d tree method. The paper validates the proposed k-d tree based adaptive layering approach for three test parts and documents the results by comparing the volumetric, cylindricity, sphericity, and profile errors obtained from this approach with those obtained using a uniform slicing method. Since current AM machines are incapable of handling adaptive slicing approach directly, a “pseudo” grouped adaptive layering approach is also proposed here. This “clustered slicing” technique will enable the fabrication of a part in bands of varying slice thicknesses with each band having clusters of uniform slice thicknesses. The proposed k-d tree based adaptive slicing approach along with clustered slicing has been validated with simulations of the test parts of different shapes.

Anthropometry-Based Surface Modeling of the Human Torso

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Li ◽  
Peter R. M. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Garment Design ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Reference Body

Abstract There is an increasing need for computerized surface model of the human body in human growth, garment design and ergonomics. However, there is a shortage of three-dimensional (3-D) models of the human body in practical applications. This paper presents a new approach for constructing a 3-D surface model of the human torso using anthropometry. The torso is created by from a reference body of average shape which is represented by a family of cross-sectional curves. The shape and size of the reference body can be modified according to anthropometric data. This approach has been implemented on a personal computer. The resulting 3-D model is a parametric surface based on non-uniform B-splines and can easily be exported to other computer aided design applications.

Laser Additive Manufacturing

3D Printing ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 154-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasheedat M. Mahamood ◽  
Esther T. Akinlabi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Laser Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

Laser additive manufacturing is an advanced manufacturing process for making prototypes as well as functional parts directly from the three dimensional (3D) Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model of the part and the parts are built up adding materials layer after layer, until the part is competed. Of all the additive manufacturing process, laser additive manufacturing is more favoured because of the advantages that laser offers. Laser is characterized by collimated linear beam that can be accurately controlled. This chapter brings to light, the various laser additive manufacturing technologies such as: - selective laser sintering and melting, stereolithography and laser metal deposition. Each of these laser additive manufacturing technologies are described with their merits and demerits as well as their areas of applications. Properties of some of the parts produced through these processes are also reviewed in this chapter.

scholarly journals A Multidisciplinary Approach for Historic Buildings Diagnosis: The Case Study of the Kaisariani Monastery

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1211-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterini T. Delegou ◽  
Georgia Mourgi ◽  
Elisavet Tsilimantou ◽  
Charalabos Ioannidis ◽  
Antonia Moropoulou
Keyword(s):  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Diagnostic Study ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Sustainable Protection

In this work, a multi-disciplinary approach regarding diagnostic study processes is presented, using as an example the Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery in Attica, Greece. Kaisariani Monastery is considered one of the most important Byzantine architectural complexes in Greece. The Catholicon of Kaisariani Monastery was built during the middle Byzantine period, and has undergone many reconstructions during the centuries. It is a semi-complex, four-columned, cross-in-square church, with a cloisonné masonry. The suggested diagnostic processes included the creation of multidisciplinary thematic maps in Computer Aided Design (CAD) environment, which incorporated: (a) data of historical and architectural documentation; (b) data of geometric documentation; and (c) data of building materials characterization and decay diagnosis. The historical and general architectural data were acquired by thorough bibliographical/archival research. Geometric documentation data were acquired by three-dimensional (3D) laser scanner for the creation of the Catholicon section drawings, whereas image based photogrammetric techniques were utilized for the creation of a 3D textured model, from which orthoimages and architectural drawings of the Catholicon façades were developed. In parallel, characterization of building materials and identification of decay patterns took place after the onsite application of the nondestructive techniques of digital microscopy, infrared thermography and ground penetrating radar. These vast array kinds of data were elaborated and integrated into the architectural drawings, developing thematic maps that record and represent the current preservation state of the monument, a concerning major construction phases, the most important conservation intervention projects, building materials and decay. Furthermore, data quantification regarding the extent of building materials and decay at each monument’s façade took place. Therefore, correlation and better understanding of the environmental impact on building materials according to façade orientation and historical data, e.g., construction phases, was accomplished. In conclusion, the presented processes are multidisciplinary tasks that require collaboration among architects, surveyor engineers and materials scientists/engineers. They are also prerequisites for the planning and application of compatible and efficient conservation/restoration interventions, for the ultimate goal of the sustainable protection of a monument.

Scalable submicrometer additive manufacturing

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6461) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourabh K. Saha ◽  
Dien Wang ◽  
Vu H. Nguyen ◽  
Yina Chang ◽  
James S. Oakdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Complex Structures ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Single Digit ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Nanoscale Features

High-throughput fabrication techniques for generating arbitrarily complex three-dimensional structures with nanoscale features are desirable across a broad range of applications. Two-photon lithography (TPL)–based submicrometer additive manufacturing is a promising candidate to fill this gap. However, the serial point-by-point writing scheme of TPL is too slow for many applications. Attempts at parallelization either do not have submicrometer resolution or cannot pattern complex structures. We overcome these difficulties by spatially and temporally focusing an ultrafast laser to implement a projection-based layer-by-layer parallelization. This increases the throughput up to three orders of magnitude and expands the geometric design space. We demonstrate this by printing, within single-digit millisecond time scales, nanowires with widths smaller than 175 nanometers over an area one million times larger than the cross-sectional area.

scholarly journals Main Clinical Use of Additive Manufacturing (Three-Dimensional Printing) in Finland Restricted to the Head and Neck Area in 2016–2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.B.V. Pettersson ◽  
M. Salmi ◽  
P. Vallittu ◽  
W. Serlo ◽  
J. Tuomi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Head Area

Background and Aims: Additive manufacturing or three-dimensional printing is a novel production methodology for producing patient-specific models, medical aids, tools, and implants. However, the clinical impact of this technology is unknown. In this study, we sought to characterize the clinical adoption of medical additive manufacturing in Finland in 2016–2017. We focused on non-dental usage at university hospitals. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire containing five questions was sent by email to all operative, radiologic, and oncologic departments of all university hospitals in Finland. Respondents who reported extensive use of medical additive manufacturing were contacted with additional, personalized questions. Results: Of the 115 questionnaires sent, 58 received answers. Of the responders, 41% identified as non-users, including all general/gastrointestinal (GI) and vascular surgeons, urologists, and gynecologists; 23% identified as experimenters or previous users; and 36% identified as heavy users. Usage was concentrated around the head area by various specialties (neurosurgical, craniomaxillofacial, ear, nose and throat diseases (ENT), plastic surgery). Applications included repair of cranial vault defects and malformations, surgical oncology, trauma, and cleft palate reconstruction. Some routine usage was also reported in orthopedics. In addition to these patient-specific uses, we identified several off-the-shelf medical components that were produced by additive manufacturing, while some important patient-specific components were produced by traditional methodologies such as milling. Conclusion: During 2016–2017, medical additive manufacturing in Finland was routinely used at university hospitals for several applications in the head area. Outside of this area, usage was much less common. Future research should include all patient-specific products created by a computer-aided design/manufacture workflow from imaging data, instead of concentrating on the production methodology.

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