Enrichment of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Bacteria for Biological Nitrogen Removal of Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norjan Yusof ◽  
Hanisom Abdullah ◽  
Syakirah Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria enrichment was explored for the potential application of ammonium rich wastewater removal. Samples of sludge from mature and young landfill leachate treatment plants were screened and used as inocula for anammox enrichment cultures. Enrichments were monitored for N-NH3, N-NO2- and N-NO3- to detect anammox potential activity. Six of the twelve enrichment cultures showed anammox activity after more than five months of enrichment period. All enrichment cultures that gave positive results were obtained from bottom part of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) lagoon indicating localization of anammox bacteria in anaerobic condition.  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers targeting anammox and planctomycete were able to amplify the 16S rRNA sequence for anammox bacteria under PCR optimum condition. However, only three of six positive samples were successfully sequenced. DNA sequence analysis using NCBI (BLAST) and RDP showed that the anammox bacterial sequences of the investigated samples were identified as Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis with similarity of 100% (NCBI) and 99.3% (RDP).

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by Nitrosomonas spp. and anammox bacteria in a sequencing batch reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongsak (Lek) Noophan ◽  
Siriporn Sripiboon ◽  
Mongkol Damrongsri ◽  
Junko Munakata-Marr
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation

Distribution and characterization of anammox in a swine wastewater activated sludge facility

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 2330-2336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takao Yamagishi ◽  
Mio Takeuchi ◽  
Yuichiro Wakiya ◽  
Miyoko Waki
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Swine Wastewater ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
15N Tracer ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Aeration Tank ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel biological nitrogen removal process that oxidizes NH4+ to N2 with NO2− as an electron acceptor. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential activity and characteristics of anammox in a conventional swine wastewater treatment facility, which uses an activated sludge system consisting of three cascade aeration tanks equipped with ceramic support material. Anammox activity was estimated by a 15N tracer assay method and was detected in all the sludge and biofilm samples in each aeration tank. Biofilm taken from the third aeration tank, in which the dissolved oxygen concentration was 7.5 mg/L and the wastewater included a high concentration of NO3−, showed by far the highest anammox activity. A clone library analysis showed the existence of anammox bacteria closely related to ‘Candidatus Jettenia asiatica’ and ‘Ca. Brocadia caroliniensis’. The optimum conditions for anammox activity were a pH of 6.7–7.2, a temperature of 35 °C, a NO2− concentration of 10 mmol/L or less, and an NH4+ concentration of 32 mmol/L or less.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate immobilized biomass system: a potential tool to maintain anammox biomass in application

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Li Zhu ◽  
Jia Yan ◽  
Yong-You Hu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Key Factor

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been proved to be a promising nitrogen removal method for treating ammonium-rich wastewater. However, because of the low-growth rate of anammox bacteria, maintenance of a sufficient amount of anammox biomass in reactor became a key factor in application. Gel immobilization is an efficient method to prevent biomass from being washed out and to promote hyper-concentrated cultures. This study focused on a nitrogen removal process by anammox enrichment culture immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate (PVA-SA) gel beads. The rapid startup of reactor demonstrated that gel entrapment was supposed to be a highly effective technique for immobilizing anammox bacteria. The anammox bacteria present in the enrichment were identified to be Jettenia-like species (>98%). Moreover, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, and temperature on immobilized anammox processes were investigated. The effect of pH and temperature on the anammox process was evidently weakened in PVA-SA immobilized gel beads, however, the effect of HRT on the anammox reaction was enhanced. Therefore, a stable operated reactor could be obtained in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, which proved gel immobilization was an excellent method to maintain the biomass in anammox reactor for application.

Enrichment of Anammox Bacteria by a Sequencing Fed Biofilm Batch Reactor (SFBFBR)

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 663-666
Author(s):  
De Xiang Liao ◽  
Peng Hao Su ◽  
Kai Liang Yang ◽  
Dao Lun Feng ◽  
Hua Huai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Nitrite Concentration ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Operation Period

A sequencing fed biofilm batch reactor (SFBFBR) seeded with returning activated sludge of a WWTP was started up to enrich Anammox (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) bacteria and to investigate the nitrogen removal characterization of the Anammox biofilm system. Initially, the operation period was controlled at 3 days and the mineral medium (30 mg/l ammonium, 30 mg/l nitrite, about 2 L) was supplied continuously to SFBFBR in the first 68 hours. After 44 days’ cultivation, ammonium and nitrite concentration were decreased simultaneously without COD and DO, which means the anammox activity presented in the reactor. From t=55 days, in order to further enrich anammox bacteria, the substrate load began to increase by reducing the operation period from 3 days to 1 day and increasing the ammonium and nitrite concentrations. At the end of the experiment, the reactor was able to treat nitrogen loading rates up to 200±10 mg N/(L.d). The ammonium and nitrite reacted in the stoichiometrical of 1:1.135.

scholarly journals Nitrate-Dependent Ferrous Iron Oxidation by Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (13) ◽  
pp. 4087-4093 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Oshiki ◽  
S. Ishii ◽  
K. Yoshida ◽  
N. Fujii ◽  
M. Ishiguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxidation ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Tracer Experiment ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ferrous Iron Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Activity

ABSTRACTWe examined nitrate-dependent Fe2+oxidation mediated by anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria. Enrichment cultures of “CandidatusBrocadia sinica” anaerobically oxidized Fe2+and reduced NO3−to nitrogen gas at rates of 3.7 ± 0.2 and 1.3 ± 0.1 (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) nmol mg protein−1min−1, respectively (37°C and pH 7.3). This nitrate reduction rate is an order of magnitude lower than the anammox activity of “Ca. Brocadia sinica” (10 to 75 nmol NH4+mg protein−1min−1). A15N tracer experiment demonstrated that coupling of nitrate-dependent Fe2+oxidation and the anammox reaction was responsible for producing nitrogen gas from NO3−by “Ca. Brocadia sinica.” The activities of nitrate-dependent Fe2+oxidation were dependent on temperature and pH, and the highest activities were seen at temperatures of 30 to 45°C and pHs ranging from 5.9 to 9.8. The mean half-saturation constant for NO3−± SD of “Ca. Brocadia sinica” was determined to be 51 ± 21 μM. Nitrate-dependent Fe2+oxidation was further demonstrated by another anammox bacterium, “CandidatusScalindua sp.,” whose rates of Fe2+oxidation and NO3−reduction were 4.7 ± 0.59 and 1.45 ± 0.05 nmol mg protein−1min−1, respectively (20°C and pH 7.3). Co-occurrence of nitrate-dependent Fe2+oxidation and the anammox reaction decreased the molar ratios of consumed NO2−to consumed NH4+(ΔNO2−/ΔNH4+) and produced NO3−to consumed NH4+(ΔNO3−/ΔNH4+). These reactions are preferable to the application of anammox processes for wastewater treatment.

Effect of inorganic carbon on anaerobic ammonium oxidation enriched in sequencing batch reactor

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 940-944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dexiang LIAO ◽  
Xiaoming LI ◽  
Qi YANG ◽  
Guangming ZENG ◽  
Liang GUO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Inorganic Carbon ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation

scholarly journals Enrichment of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria for short start-up of the anammox process: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (30) ◽  
pp. 13958-13978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mumtazah Ibrahim ◽  
Norjan Yusof ◽  
Mohd Zulkhairi Mohd Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Anammox Process

scholarly journals Physiological characteristics of the anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’

Microbiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 1706-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamoru Oshiki ◽  
Masaki Shimokawa ◽  
Naoki Fujii ◽  
Hisashi Satoh ◽  
Satoshi Okabe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrite Reduction ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Phylogenetic Affiliation ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Rate Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

The present study investigated the phylogenetic affiliation and physiological characteristics of bacteria responsible for anaerobic ammonium oxidization (anammox); these bacteria were enriched in an anammox reactor with a nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg N m−3 day−1. The anammox bacteria were identified as representing ‘Candidatus Brocadia sinica’ on the basis of phylogenetic analysis of rRNA operon sequences. Physiological characteristics examined were growth rate, kinetics of ammonium oxidation and nitrite reduction, temperature, pH and inhibition of anammox. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) was 0.0041 h−1, corresponding to a doubling time of 7 days. The half-saturation constants (K s) for ammonium and nitrite of ‘Ca. B. sinica’ were 28±4 and 86±4 µM, respectively, higher than those of ‘Candidatus Brocadia anammoxidans’ and ‘Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis’. The temperature and pH ranges of anammox activity were 25–45 °C and pH 6.5–8.8, respectively. Anammox activity was inhibited in the presence of nitrite (50 % inhibition at 16 mM), ethanol (91 % at 1 mM) and methanol (86 % at 1 mM). Anammox activities were 80 and 70 % of baseline in the presence of 20 mM phosphorus and 3 % salinity, respectively. The yield of biomass and dissolved organic carbon production in the culture supernatant were 0.062 and 0.005 mol C (mol NH 4 + )−1, respectively. This study compared physiological differences between three anammox bacterial enrichment cultures to provide a better understanding of anammox niche specificity in natural and man-made ecosystems.

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