Anaerobic ammonium oxidation in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate immobilized biomass system: a potential tool to maintain anammox biomass in application

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 718-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang-Li Zhu ◽  
Jia Yan ◽  
Yong-You Hu
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Key Factor

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) has been proved to be a promising nitrogen removal method for treating ammonium-rich wastewater. However, because of the low-growth rate of anammox bacteria, maintenance of a sufficient amount of anammox biomass in reactor became a key factor in application. Gel immobilization is an efficient method to prevent biomass from being washed out and to promote hyper-concentrated cultures. This study focused on a nitrogen removal process by anammox enrichment culture immobilized in polyvinyl alcohol and sodium alginate (PVA-SA) gel beads. The rapid startup of reactor demonstrated that gel entrapment was supposed to be a highly effective technique for immobilizing anammox bacteria. The anammox bacteria present in the enrichment were identified to be Jettenia-like species (>98%). Moreover, the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, and temperature on immobilized anammox processes were investigated. The effect of pH and temperature on the anammox process was evidently weakened in PVA-SA immobilized gel beads, however, the effect of HRT on the anammox reaction was enhanced. Therefore, a stable operated reactor could be obtained in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor, which proved gel immobilization was an excellent method to maintain the biomass in anammox reactor for application.

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation by Nitrosomonas spp. and anammox bacteria in a sequencing batch reactor

2009 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 967-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongsak (Lek) Noophan ◽  
Siriporn Sripiboon ◽  
Mongkol Damrongsri ◽  
Junko Munakata-Marr
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation

scholarly journals Propionate Oxidation by and Methanol Inhibition of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing Bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 1066-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Güven ◽  
Ana Dapena ◽  
Boran Kartal ◽  
Markus C. Schmid ◽  
Bart Maas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Methanol Inhibition ◽  
Propionate Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Process

ABSTRACT Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a recently discovered microbial pathway and a cost-effective way to remove ammonium from wastewater. Anammox bacteria have been described as obligate chemolithoautotrophs. However, many chemolithoautotrophs (i.e., nitrifiers) can use organic compounds as a supplementary carbon source. In this study, the effect of organic compounds on anammox bacteria was investigated. It was shown that alcohols inhibited anammox bacteria, while organic acids were converted by them. Methanol was the most potent inhibitor, leading to complete and irreversible loss of activity at concentrations as low as 0.5 mM. Of the organic acids acetate and propionate, propionate was consumed at a higher rate (0.8 nmol min−1 mg of protein−1) by Percoll-purified anammox cells. Glucose, formate, and alanine had no effect on the anammox process. It was shown that propionate was oxidized mainly to CO2, with nitrate and/or nitrite as the electron acceptor. The anammox bacteria carried out propionate oxidation simultaneously with anaerobic ammonium oxidation. In an anammox enrichment culture fed with propionate for 150 days, the relative amounts of anammox cells and denitrifiers did not change significantly over time, indicating that anammox bacteria could compete successfully with heterotrophic denitrifiers for propionate. In conclusion, this study shows that anammox bacteria have a more versatile metabolism than previously assumed.

scholarly journals Coupled anaerobic ammonium oxidation and hydrogenotrophic denitrification for simultaneous NH4-N and NO3-N removal

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 975-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatsuru Kamei ◽  
Rawintra Eamrat ◽  
Kenta Shinoda ◽  
Yasuhiro Tanaka ◽  
Futaba Kazama
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Anammox Process

Abstract Nitrate removal during anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) treatment is a concern for optimization of the anammox process. This study demonstrated the applicability and long-term stability of the coupled anammox and hydrogenotrophic denitrification (CAHD) process as an alternative method for nitrate removal. Laboratory-scale fixed bed anammox reactors (FBR) supplied with H2 to support denitrification were operated under two types of synthetic water. The FBRs showed simultaneous NH4-N and NO3-N removal, indicating that the CAHD process can support NO3-N removal during the anammox process. Intermittent H2 supply (e.g. 5 mL/min for a 1-L reactor, 14/6-min on/off cycle) helped maintain the CAHD process without deteriorating its performance under long-term operation and resulted in a nitrogen removal rate of 0.21 kg-N/m3/d and ammonium, nitrate, and dissolved inorganic nitrogen removal efficiencies of 73.4%, 80.4%, and 77%, respectively. The microbial community structure related to the CAHD process was not influenced by changes in influent water quality, and included the anammox bacteria ‘Candidatus Jettenia’ and a Sulfuritalea hydrogenivorans-like species as the dominant bacteria even after long-term reactor operation, suggesting that these bacteria are key to the CAHD process. These results indicate that the CAHD process is a promising method for enhancing the efficiency of anammox process.

Enrichment of Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (Anammox) Bacteria for Biological Nitrogen Removal of Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Norjan Yusof ◽  
Hanisom Abdullah ◽  
Syakirah Samsudin ◽  
Mohd Ali Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
16S Rrna Sequence ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Enrichment Cultures ◽  
Anammox Activity ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) bacteria enrichment was explored for the potential application of ammonium rich wastewater removal. Samples of sludge from mature and young landfill leachate treatment plants were screened and used as inocula for anammox enrichment cultures. Enrichments were monitored for N-NH3, N-NO2- and N-NO3- to detect anammox potential activity. Six of the twelve enrichment cultures showed anammox activity after more than five months of enrichment period. All enrichment cultures that gave positive results were obtained from bottom part of sequencing batch reactor (SBR) lagoon indicating localization of anammox bacteria in anaerobic condition.  Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with specific primers targeting anammox and planctomycete were able to amplify the 16S rRNA sequence for anammox bacteria under PCR optimum condition. However, only three of six positive samples were successfully sequenced. DNA sequence analysis using NCBI (BLAST) and RDP showed that the anammox bacterial sequences of the investigated samples were identified as Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis with similarity of 100% (NCBI) and 99.3% (RDP).

Enrichment of marine anammox bacteria from seawater-related samples and bacterial community study

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kawagoshi ◽  
Y. Nakamura ◽  
H. Kawashima ◽  
K. Fujisaki ◽  
K. Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loading ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Waste Disposal Site

Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a novel nitrogen pathway catalyzed by anammox bacteria which are obligate anaerobic chemoautotrophs. In this study, enrichment culture of marine anammox bacteria (MAAOB) from the samples related to seawater was conducted. Simultaneous removal of ammonium and nitrite was confirmed in continuous culture inoculated with sediment of a sea-based waste disposal site within 50 days. However, no simultaneous nitrogen removal was observed in cultures inoculated with seawater-acclimated denitrifying sludge or with muddy sediment of tideland even during 200 days. Nitrogen removal rate of 0.13 kg/m3/day was achieved at nitrogen loading rate of 0.16 kg/m3/day after 320th days in the culture inoculated with the sediment of waste disposal site. The nitrogen removal ratio between ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen was 1:1.07. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis indicated that an abundance of the bacteria close to MAAOB and coexistence of ammonium oxidizing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria in the culture.

scholarly journals Denitrification performance of Pseudomonas fluorescens Z03 immobilized by graphene oxide-modified polyvinyl-alcohol and sodium alginate gel beads at low temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 191542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meizhen Tang ◽  
Jie Jiang ◽  
Qilin Lv ◽  
Bin Yang ◽  
Mingna Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Extracellular Polymeric Substances ◽  
Aerobic Denitrification ◽  
Gel Beads

Improving the effect of microbial denitrification under low-temperature conditions has been a popular focus of research in recent years. In this study, graphene oxide (GO)-modified polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA) and sodium alginate (SA) (GO/PVA–SA) gel beads were used as a heterotrophic nitrification–aerobic denitrification (HN–AD) bacteria ( Pseudomonas fluorescens Z03) carrier to enhance nitrogen removal efficiency levels at low temperatures (6–8°C). The removal efficiency of N H 4     + -N and N O 3       − -N and the variations in concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) under different GO doses (0.03–0.15 g l −1 ) were studied. The results indicated that the addition of GO can improve the efficiency of nitrogen removal, and the highest removal efficiency level and highest carbohydrate, protein, and total EPS content levels (50.28 mg, 132.78 mg and 183.06 mg (g GO/PVA–SA gel) −1 , respectively) were obtained with 0.15 g l −1 GO. The simplified Monod model accurately predicted the nitrogen removal efficiency level. These findings suggested that the application of GO serves as an effective means to enhance nitrogen removal by stimulating the activity of HN–AD bacteria.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature shifts and anammox biomass immobilization on sequencing batch reactor performance and bacterial genes abundance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Banach-Wiśniewska ◽  
M. Ćwiertniewicz-Wojciechowska ◽  
A. Ziembińska-Buczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation ◽  
Reactor Performance ◽  
Gene Abundance

Abstract Implementation of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) below its optimal temperature, known as “cold anammox”, may lead to its common use in wastewater treatment plants, reducing the operational costs of wastewater treatment. Thus, we investigated the effects of immobilization in polyvinyl alcohol–sodium alginate gel beads on anammox performance at temperatures of 30 °C, 23 °C, and 15 °C in laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors. We determined the relative gene abundance of the nitrogen removal bacterial groups, which are considered as the key functional microbes of nitrogen cycle in activated sludge: denitrifies, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, and anammox bacteria. Nitrogen removal efficiency was higher for immobilized anammox sludge in comparison with non-immobilized anammox biomass at each investigated temperature. At 30 °C, nitrogen removal efficiency was 83.7 ± 6.46% for immobilized reactor, and 79.4 ± 7.83% for the control reactor, while at 15 °C was remained at the level of 50 ± 2.5% for immobilized reactor, and fluctuated from 13.2 to 45.3% for the control one. During temperature shifts, the process was also more stable in the case of the reactor with immobilized biomass. A statistically significant correlation was found between nitrogen removal efficiency and hydrazine oxidoreductase gene abundance.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Removal by a Nitritation-Anammox Bioreactor at Low Temperature

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
pp. 2807-2812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziye Hu ◽  
Tommaso Lotti ◽  
Merle de Kreuk ◽  
Robbert Kleerebezem ◽  
Mark van Loosdrecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Anammox Bacteria ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Ammonium Oxidation

ABSTRACTCurrently, nitritation-anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) bioreactors are designed to treat wastewaters with high ammonium concentrations at mesophilic temperatures (25 to 40°C). The implementation of this technology at ambient temperatures for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater following carbon removal may lead to more-sustainable technology with energy and cost savings. However, the application of nitritation-anammox bioreactors at low temperatures (characteristic of municipal wastewaters except in tropical and subtropical regions) has not yet been explored. To this end, a laboratory-scale (5-liter) nitritation-anammox sequencing batch reactor was adapted to 12°C in 10 days and operated for more than 300 days to investigate the feasibility of nitrogen removal from synthetic pretreated municipal wastewater by the combination of aerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and anammox. The activities of both anammox and AOB were high enough to remove more than 90% of the supplied nitrogen. Multiple aspects, including the presence and activity of anammox, AOB, and aerobic nitrite oxidizers (NOB) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, were monitored to evaluate the stability of the bioreactor at 12°C. There was no nitrite accumulation throughout the operational period, indicating that anammox bacteria were active at 12°C and that AOB and anammox bacteria outcompeted NOB. Moreover, our results showed that sludge from wastewater treatment plants designed for treating high-ammonium-load wastewaters can be used as seeding sludge for wastewater treatment plants aimed at treating municipal wastewater that has a low temperature and low ammonium concentrations.

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