EFFECT OF ETCHING AS PRE-TREATMENT FOR ELECTROLESS COPPER PLATING ON SILICON WAFER

Metallic coatings, such as copper films can be easily deposited on semiconductor materials like silicon wafer without prior surface pre-treatment using the electroless process. However, the adhesion of the copper film can be very weak and can easily peels off. In this study, the effect of etching in hydrofluoric acid solution as a surface pre-treatment prior to electroless plating on silicon wafer was studied. The etching time in hydrofluoric acid was varied at 1, 3 and 5 minutes in order to investigate the adhesion behaviour of the coating layer. The surface morphology of the electroless plated samples was observed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and the coating thickness was measured using cross sectional analysis. The results showed that longer etching time (5 minutes) produced thicker Cu deposits (8.5μm) than 1 minute etching time (5μm). In addition, by increasing the etching time, the mechanical bonding between the copper film and the substrate is improved.

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Ultramicrotomy as a Technique for Materials Specimen Preparation

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100135745 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 428-429

Author(s):

S.R. Glanvill

Keyword(s):

Materials Science ◽

Structural Information ◽

Specimen Preparation ◽

Preparation Technique ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Surfaces And Interfaces ◽

Beam Analysis ◽

Flat Embedding ◽

20 Nm ◽

Sectional Analysis

This paper summarizes the application of ultramicrotomy as a specimen preparation technique for some of the Materials Science applications encountered over the past two years. Specimens 20 nm thick by hundreds of μm lateral dimension are readily prepared for electron beam analysis. Materials examined include metals, plastics, ceramics, superconductors, glassy carbons and semiconductors. We have obtain chemical and structural information from these materials using HRTEM, CBED, EDX and EELS analysis. This technique has enabled cross-sectional analysis of surfaces and interfaces of engineering materials and solid state electronic devices, as well as interdiffusion studies across adjacent layers.Samples are embedded in flat embedding moulds with Epon 812 epoxy resin / Methyl Nadic Anhydride mixture, using DY064 accelerator to promote the reaction. The embedded material is vacuum processed to remove trapped air bubbles, thereby improving the strength and sectioning qualities of the cured block. The resin mixture is cured at 60 °C for a period of 80 hr and left to equilibrate at room temperature.

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Twitter Usage Using Common Reference to Tinnitus

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00055 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 206-217

Author(s):

Jianyuan Ni ◽

Monica L. Bellon-Harn ◽

Jiang Zhang ◽

Yueqing Li ◽

Vinaya Manchaiah

Keyword(s):

Nonprofit Organizations ◽

Temporal Trends ◽

Temporal Analysis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

For Profit ◽

Common Reference ◽

Personal Experiences ◽

Twitter Users ◽

Sectional Analysis ◽

Share Information

Objective The objective of the study was to examine specific patterns of Twitter usage using common reference to tinnitus. Method The study used cross-sectional analysis of data generated from Twitter data. Twitter content, language, reach, users, accounts, temporal trends, and social networks were examined. Results Around 70,000 tweets were identified and analyzed from May to October 2018. Of the 100 most active Twitter accounts, organizations owned 52%, individuals owned 44%, and 4% of the accounts were unknown. Commercial/for-profit and nonprofit organizations were the most common organization account owners (i.e., 26% and 16%, respectively). Seven unique tweets were identified with a reach of over 400 Twitter users. The greatest reach exceeded 2,000 users. Temporal analysis identified retweet outliers (> 200 retweets per hour) that corresponded to a widely publicized event involving the response of a Twitter user to another user's joke. Content analysis indicated that Twitter is a platform that primarily functions to advocate, share personal experiences, or share information about management of tinnitus rather than to provide social support and build relationships. Conclusions Twitter accounts owned by organizations outnumbered individual accounts, and commercial/for-profit user accounts were the most frequently active organization account type. Analyses of social media use can be helpful in discovering issues of interest to the tinnitus community as well as determining which users and organizations are dominating social network conversations.

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Evaluation of the prevalence and nutritional and social determinants of overweight in a population of schoolchildren: a cross-sectional analysis of 5,037 children

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira ◽

10.1016/s0104-4230(12)70231-2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 472-476 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Caroline Filla Rosaneli ◽

Flavia Auler ◽

Carla Barreto Manfrinato ◽

Claudine Filla Rosaneli ◽

Caroline Sganzerla ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Determinants ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Quantitative Clinical Characteristics of 53 Patients with MPS VII: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Neuropediatrics ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1602914 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (S 01) ◽

pp. S1-S45

Author(s):

M. Zielonka ◽

S. Garbade ◽

S. Kölker ◽

G. Hoffmann ◽

M. Ries

Keyword(s):

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Mps Vii ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Fracture prevalence in children 0-19 years-old in Mexico: A 10-year cross-sectional analysis

Bone Abstracts ◽

10.1530/boneabs.7.p109 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Patricia Clark ◽

Annarella Barbato ◽

Miguel Angel Guagnelli ◽

Jose Alberto Rascon ◽

Edgar Denova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Fracture Prevalence ◽

Sectional Analysis

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2174-PUB: Profiling of Young Diabetes in India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Report

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db20-2174-pub ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 2174-PUB

Author(s):

NARAYANAN NK ◽

CS DWARAKANATH ◽

VENKATARAMAN S ◽

MANIKANDAN RM ◽

NARENDRA BS ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

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Quantitative Electrical Analysis of FIB Prepared Vias on BiCMOS and CMOS090 Designs

ISTFA 2006: Conference Proceedings from the 32nd International Symposium for Testing and Failure Analysis ◽

10.31399/asm.cp.istfa2006p0067 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

B. Domengès ◽

P. Poirier

Keyword(s):

Ion Beam ◽

Beam Current ◽

Kelvin Probe ◽

Metal Line ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Probe Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Analysis ◽

Controlling Parameter ◽

Electrical Analysis ◽

Sectional Analysis

Abstract In this study, the resistance of FIB prepared vias was characterized by the Kelvin probe technique and their physical characteristics studied using cross-sectional analysis. Two domains of resistivity were isolated in relation to the ion beam current used for the deposition of the via metal (Pt). Also submicrometer vias were investigated on 4.2 µm deep metal lines of a BiCMOS aluminum based design and a CMOS 090 copper based one. It is shown that the controlling parameter is the shape and volume of the contact, and that the contact formation is favored by the amount of over-mill of the via into the metal line it will contact.

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