scholarly journals Influence of position within the tree stem according to growth-ring width of spruce (Picea abies /L./ KARST.) with compression wood

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Gryc ◽  
Jiří Holan
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Compression Wood ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Tree Stem

The work was focused on problematics of annual-rings width according to position within the tree stem. Annual-ring widths, ratio of late wood and early wood by spruce with compression wood were investigated. Statistically significant differencies of individual zones in tree were occured. Zone of compression wood showed bigger width of annual-rings, common occurence of late wood and higher percentual ratio of late wood. Obtained results agree with common results in literature. Variability of annual-ring width according to position within the tree stem was confirmed. Width of annual-ring was changed mainly according to radius of stem. In height position within the stem no more significant variability of annual-ring width was observed.

Radial Variation and Growth Rate in the Length of the Axial Elements Of Sessile Oak Wood

IAWA Journal ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia Helińska-Raczkowska ◽  
Ewa Fabisiak
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Similar Relationship ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Oak Wood ◽  
Growth Ring Width ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Wood Fibres ◽  
Axial Element

Radial variability of the axial element length in oak-wood is most prominent in the juvenile wood which inc1udes approximately 30 annual rings. The length of fibres, tracheids and vessel elements increases from the pith outwards according to a second degree curve. This dependence is most apparent for wood fibres, whereas it is the least distinct for vesseI elements. In the mature zone, anatomical elements are, on average, 10 to 20% Ion ger than in juvenile wood. With deteriorating conditions of tree growth, the length of the anatomical elements tends to increase. There is a negative correlation between length of the measured elements and growth ring width; this is most c1early so for fibres. A similar relationship exists between the length of anatomical elements and wood density.

scholarly journals Formation of pine wood density depending on the parameters of annual ring and latitudinal zoning

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
A V Kiseleva ◽  
S N Snegireva ◽  
A D Platonov
Keyword(s):  
Wood Density ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Taiga ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Late Wood ◽  
Southern Taiga Zone

Abstract The article presents the results of studies of changes in wood density depending on annual ring width and its characteristics. Density is a basic indicator for assessing operational and technical properties of wood. At the same time, density is characterized by certain variability within the same species, depending on annual ring characteristics, influenced by environmental factors, age of trees and position in the trunk. The purpose of this study is to establish the formation of density depending on annual ring width and late wood for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood in the central European part of Russia. Density research was made using the specimens with one annual ring by the method of buoyancy. Absolute values of the annual ring of early and late wood were measured in cores. It was found that wood density is only influenced by late wood width in the annual ring, being under strict genetic control. In the southern taiga zone correlation between density and late wood width is varying between 0.49-0.66 and it is less than in the forest-steppe zone. The correlation of density with annual ring width in the southern taiga zone is 0.5. It is less than in the forest-steppe zone (0.57-0.81).

scholarly journals RAINFALL AND THE WIDTH OF ANNUAL RINGS IN PLANTED WHITE SPRUCE

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean ◽  
June July

The influence of monthly rainfall on the mean annual ring width in a 31-year-old plantation of white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, on sandy soils near Grand'Mère, Quebec, was studied. Analysis carried out on 43 dominant trees growing without competition on a very poor dry site of coarse material indicated that current mean annual ring width is closely related to the mean monthly precipitation during June, July and August of the preceding year. Although this relationship was evident for the past 18 years, the possibility that other factors may act concurrently is recognized.

scholarly journals Influence of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) growth rings width on the strength properties of structural sawn timber

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 5402-5416
Author(s):  
Piotr Mankowski ◽  
Izabela Burawska-Kupniewska ◽  
Slawomir Krzosek ◽  
Marek Grzeskiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Entire Cross Section ◽  
Class A ◽  
Annual Growth Ring ◽  
Growth Ring Width

Annual growth ring width was considered relative to the mechanical properties of timber from the Silesian Forestry Region in Poland. The timber was acquired from raw wood aged approximately 120 years old, with log quality A, B, and C. The study was conducted on 210 pieces of timber; 70 of them were from each part of the log: butt, middle, and top. The tested parameters, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rupture (MOR), were measured on fully dimensional timber (40 × 138 × 3500 mm3) that had been dried and planed in industrial conditions. The density of wood (stereometric method) and annual rings width were calculated after MOR and MOE determination on samples including the entire cross-section cut near the failure zone. The tests revealed that the correlation between the width of growth rings and MOE or MOR depended on the log area: it was the highest for timber from butt logs and the lowest for timber from top logs. Moreover, the correlation between growth ring width and MOE or MOR depended also on the quality class of the logs from which the samples were obtained: it was the highest for timber from class A, and the lowest for class C.

scholarly journals Computer-Graphing of Annual Ring Widths During Measurement

1983 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 291-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. F. Fayle ◽  
D. Maclver ◽  
C. V. Bentley
Keyword(s):  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Line Graphs ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
Annual Rings ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Stem Analysis ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Annual Ring Width

Annual ring width data produced by the DIGI-MIC tree ring measurer are transmitted to an APPLE II Plus microcomputer providing the user with an immediate graphical display of the radial growth pattern of the tree. Line graphs of ring widths along radii of a stem cross section and (or) the average for successive stem sections can be compared visually, verified and edited if necessary. Average and individual values are stored on floppy diskettes for further analysis. Computational programs have been written for tabular and graphical display of the complete stem analysis data. Keywords: Annual rings, computer graphics, stem analysis.

Distribution of juvenile wood in two stems of Larixlaricina

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Yang ◽  
C. A. Benson ◽  
J. K. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Wood ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Vertical Variation ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Ring Number ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Growth Ring Width

The distribution and vertical variation of juvenile wood was studied in an 81-year-old dominant tree and an 83-year-old suppressed tree of Larixlaricina (Du Roi) K. Koch. Two criteria, growth ring width and tracheid length, were used to demarcate the boundary of juvenile wood. The width of juvenile wood, expressed in centimetres and the number of growth rings, decreased noticeably from the base to the top of the tree. The volume of juvenile wood decreased in a similar pattern. These decreasing trends had a strong negative correlation with the year of formation of cambial initials at a given tree level. The length of these cambial initials decreased with increasing age of formation of the cambial initials. In the juvenile wood zone, there was a positive linear regression between the growth ring number (age) and the tracheid length. The slopes of these regression lines at various tree levels increased as the age of the year of formation of the cambial initials increased. At a given tree level, the length of tracheids increased from the pith to a more uniform length near the bark. However, the number of years needed to attain a more uniform tracheid length decreased from the base to the top of the tree. These relationships suggest that the formation of juvenile wood is related to the year of formation of the cambial initials. Consequently, the juvenile wood is conical in shape, tapering towards the tree top.

scholarly journals DEPENDENCE OF PINUS SYLVESTRIS WOOD STRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES ON GROWTH ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
Kaspars Šķēle ◽  
Dace Cīrule ◽  
Anda Alksne ◽  
Jurijs Hrols
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Earlywood Width ◽  
Parameter Values

The paper considers the variation o f annual ring parameters and physical properties of wood of the pine species prevailing in Latvia’s forests, depending on the forest type (bog-land, vacciniosa) and the growth region in Latvia (Vidzeme, Latgale). Wood samples were taken from the stem butt-end, the middle and 3 A o f the height, in its sapwood or core part. An average annual ring width, latewood and earlywood width in the year ring, the percentage of latewood in the annual ring, wood density in oven-dry state (0), tangential swelling (tg) and radial swelling (rad) o f wood, as well as volume swelling (v) and swelling anisotropy coefficient (k) o f wood were determined for the samples. A comparison of these data shows that, in the majority of cases, the indices for the wood of pines grown in vacciniose have higher values, which suggests the advantage of pine wood over the bog-land pine wood. In its turn, no unambiguous distinctions between the parameter values for pine wood o f Latgale and Vidzeme origin were found, although the pine wood of Vidzeme origin had a somewhat higher indices. It may be concluded that the greatest impact on the leading pine wood properties is caused by the forest types regarded herewith, and not the belonging o f the pine wood site to its different growth regions in Latvia.

Cost of reproduction in Douglas-fir

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 1429-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousry A. El-Kassaby ◽  
Hugh J. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
Annual Ring Width ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Cone Production ◽  
Seed Cone

The balance between allocating energy resources to reproduction or growth has considerable theoretical interest. Conflicting ecological requirements and evolutionary pressures often necessitate a trade-off in energy allocation. We obtained measurements on seed-cone production and annual ring width of 365 Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) trees from 29 open-pollinated families for 8 years. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental correlations were computed for seed-cone production and ring width for each year. Five of the eight environmental correlations were negative (range −0.077 to −0.305), reflecting the reality of the trade-off in physiological terms. Six of the eight genetic correlations were negative (range −0.199 to −0.776), indicating that a trade-off exists at the genetic level between energy allocation to reproduction and to somatic growth. These findings agree with the current theory of life-history evolution. Key words: Pseudotsuga menziesii, cone production, annual ring width, genetic correlation.

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