scholarly journals Taxocenoses of psocids (Insecta: Psocoptera) in the forest ecosystems of Babia hora Mt. and Pilsko Mt. in the Oravské Beskydy Mts. (Slovakia)

Author(s):  
Otakar Holuša

In the Oravské Beskydy Mts. in the National Natural Reserves of Babia hora Mt. and Pilsko Mt. (northern Slovakia) are natural forest and near-natural forest stands in 8th (Piceeta s. lat. =Spruce) and in 9th (Pineta mugo s. lat. = dwarf pine) vegetation tiers (= altitudinal vegetation zones) (vegetation tiers according Plíva 1971, 1991, Holuša and Holuša 2008, 2010, 2011). During 1999–2000, psocids (Psocoptera) were studied from 6th to 9th vegetation tiers. In total, 1,113 adults and 42 larvae in 17 species were found. In 6th VT, 11 species were found (the following species were eudominant: Caecilius burmeisteri, Philotarsus picicornis and Caecilius flavidus), in 7th VT only 4 species (eudominant Philotarsus picicornis, Caecilius despaxi and Philotarsus picicornis), in 8th VT 10 species (eudominant Stenopsocus lachlani, Caecilius despaxi and C. burmeisteri) and in 9th VT 10 species (eudominant Caecilius burmeisteri, Lachesilla pedicularia and Stenopsocus lachlani). Taxocenoses of psocids in the Oravské Beskydy Mts. were evaluated by Detrend Corespondence analysis (DCA) and Divisive Cluster analysis (DvClA). Material was compared with other material from various vegetation tiers in the Western Carpathians Mts. Characteristic species combination of psocids of 9th VT was designated as follows: Lachesilla pedicularia – Caecilius despaxi – Stenopsocus lachlani.

Author(s):  
Otakar Holuša

Structure of psocid taxocenoses (Psocoptera) were intensively studied in forest ecosystems of the Western Carpathian Mts. and Polonic biogeographical subprovincy during 1997–2001 in the Czech Republic. Vegetation tiers (= altitudinal vegetation zones) were used as a study frame. Only a part of material, i.e. individuals that was found in the forest ecosystems of Querci-fageta s. lat. communities (= the 3rd oak-beech vegetation tier) was evaluated for purpose of this work. This vegetation tier is widespread in large part of the Opavská pahorkatina hills, in large parts of Podbeskydská pahorktina hills, in the Bílé Karpaty hills and in the foothills of the Vsetínské vrchy hills. 1201 adults comprising 29 species were found in total in the 3rd vegetation tier. As eudominant species, the following ones were found: Peripsocus subfasciatus, Caecilius flavius and Stenopsocus lachlani, as dominant species, the following ones were found: Philotarsus parviceps and Caecilius piceus. In natural geobiocenoses with the level of naturalness of 1 or 2, the following species were found: as eudominant species: Caecilius flavidus, Peripsocus phaeopterus, as dominant species, the following ones were found: Caecilius piceus, Peripsocus subfasciatus, Philotarsus parviceps and Elipsocus moebiusi. Taxocenoses of psocids were evaluated by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Divisive Cluster Analysis (DvClA). This material was compared to another material gained from various vegetation tiers in the Western Carpathians Mts. The characteristic species composition of psocids in the 3rd vegetation tier was as follows – Elipsocus moebiusi – E. hyalinus – Philotarsus parviceps – Ectopsocus meridionalis – Caecilius flavidus.


2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Holuša

Psocid (Psocoptera) taxocoenoses were studied in forest ecosystems of the Western Carpathian Mts. in 1997–2001. As a study frame, vegetation tiers (VT = altitudinal vegetation zones) of geobiocoenological or forest-typological system were used. Lower units of forest typological system (forest type complexes) were used for the classification of ecological conditions and the material found in forest ecosystems of <I>Abieti-fageta</I> s. lat. communities (5<sup>th</sup> fir-beech VT) was evaluated in detail. This VT is the most widespread in the regions under study (the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts., the Vsetínské vrchy Hills and Javorníky). 2,023 adults comprising 28 species were found in the 5<sup>th</sup> VT. <I>Caecilius burmeisteri</I> was found as eudominant species; <I>Philotarsus picicornis, Caecilius flavidus</I> and <I>Peripsocus subfasciatus</I> were found as dominant species. In natural geobiocoenoses with the level of naturalness 1 or 2, the following species were found: <I>Mesopsocus unipunctatus, Caecilius flavidus</I>, and <I>Caecilius burmeisteri</I> as eudominant and <I>Caecilius despaxi</I> as dominant. Taxocoenoses of psocids were evaluated by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Divisive Cluster Analysis (DvClA). The axes were interpreted in DCA-analysis as follows: the <I>x</I>-axis denotes the influence of VTs and the <I>q</I>-axis refers to the influence of hydricity. This material was compared with other material obtained from various vegetation tiers in the Western Carpathians Mts. The characteristic species composition of psocids in the 5<sup>th</sup> VT was as follows: <I>Caecilius flavidus – C. burmeisteri – C. despaxi – Metylophorus nebulosus – Philotarsus picicornis</I>.


Author(s):  
Otakar Holuša

Psocid taxocenoses (Psocoptera) were studied in forest ecosystems of the Western Carpathian Mts. during 1997–2001. As a study frame, vegetation tiers (= altitudinal vegetation zones) were used. Lower units of forest typological system (forest type complexes) were used for a classification of ecological conditions as well. Only a part of material, i.e. individuals that was found in the forest ecosystems of Piceeti-fageta s. lat. communities (= the 6th spruce-beech vegetation tier) was evaluated for purpose of this work. This vegetation tier is widespread in higher parts of mountains (the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. and partly in the Oravské Beskydy Mts.). 554 adults comprising 17 species were found in total in the 6th vegetation tier. As eudominant species, the following ones were found: Caecilius despaxi, Caecilius burmeisteri, Mesopsocus unipunctatus, and Stenopsocus lachlani; as dominant species, the following ones were found: Caecilius flavidus and Reuterella helvimacula. In natural geobiocenoses with the level of naturalness of 1 or 2, the following species were found: as eudominant species: Mesopsocus unipunctatus, Stenopsocus lachlani, Caecilius despaxi, Amphigerontia bifasciata and Reuterella helvimacula. Dominant species was Caecilius burmeisteri and Caecilius flavidus. Taxocenoses of psocids were evaluated by Detrended Correspondence analysis (DCA) and Divisive Cluster analysis (DvClA). This material was compared to another material gained from various vegetation tiers in the Western Carpathians Mts. The characteristic species composition of psocids in the 6th vegetation tier was as follows – Cecilius despaxi – Stenopsocus lachlani – Mesopsocus unipunctatus – Reuterella helvimacula.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edi Rustadi Setiadharma ◽  
Burhanuddin Burhanuddin ◽  
M Sofwan Anwari

This study aims to examine the composition and structure of the vegetation in the protected forest area of PT Finnantara Intiga's Sintang block and determine the pattern of forest restoration and the types of vegetation that will be used for restoration of degraded forests. This research was conducted at PT Finnantara Intiga Sintang Block which is located in five land cover areas, of which three are reference secondary swamp forest (KPPN, KPSL and river border) and two areas are degraded forest (shrub and open land). This study uses a survey method with a line plot system. The sample was determined by means of purposive sampling. Based on the results of research data analysis, the number of species found at all levels at the KPSL location was nine species, at the KPPN location there were eleven species, at the River Border location there were eight species, at the Semak Belukar location there were seven species and at the Open Land location there were four species. In general, the horizontal structure of forest stands in damaged forest ecosystems is below the horizontal structure of natural forest stands as a reference. This shows that the level of vegetation density at the location of shrubs and open land has decreased so that forest restoration measures are needed to increase the density closer to natural forest ecosystems that have not been damaged. The pattern of forest restoration for scrub areas and open land referring to the Guidelines for Restoration in Conservation Areas (JICA, 2014) is natural succession. The pattern of forest restoration that will be implemented must take into account the physical conditions of the field and local socio-cultural considerations based on stakeholder considerations. The type of vegetation for enrichment and planting activities at the shrub location refers to the KPSL location as a reference because it tends to have similarities with the community similarity index of 52.03%. The type of vegetation for enrichment and planting activities on open land locations refers to the KPPN location as a reference because it tends to have similarities with the community similarity index of 52.17%. Keywords:  Composition, forest degradation, restoration, structureAbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji komposisi dan struktur vegetasi di kawasan hutan perlindungan blok Sintang PT Finnantara Intiga serta menentukan pola pemulihan hutan dan jenis vegetasi yang akan digunakan untuk restorasi hutan terdegradasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PT Finnantara Intiga Blok Sintang yang terletak di lima areal tutupan lahan, dimana tiga areal sebagai hutan rawa sekunder referensi (KPPN, KPSL dan sempadan sungai) dan dua areal di hutan yang terdegradasi (semak belukar dan lahan terbuka). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey dengan cara jalur berpetak. Sampel ditentukan dengan cara Purposive Sampling. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian, Jumlah jenis yang ditemui di semua tingkatan di lokasi KPSL ada sembilan jenis, dilokasi KPPN ada sebelas jenis, di lokasi Sempadan Sungai ada delapan jenis, di lokasi Semak Belukar ada tujuh jenis dan di lokasi Lahan Terbuka ada empat jenis. Secara umum bentuk grafik struktur horizontal tegakan hutan pada ekosistem hutan yang mengalami kerusakan berada di bawah grafik struktur horizontal tegakan hutan alam yang menjadi referensi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kerapatan vegetasi pada lokasi semak belukar dan lahan terbuka mengalami penurunan sehingga diperlukan tindakan pemulihan hutan untuk meningkatkan kerapatan mendekati ekosistem hutan alam yang belum mengalami kerusakan. Pola pemulihan hutan untuk areal semak belukar dan lahan terbuka merujuk pada Pedoman Tata Cara Restorasi di Kawasan Konservasi (JICA, 2014) adalah suksesi alami. Pola pemulihan hutan yang akan dilaksanakan harus mempertimbangkan kondisi fisik lapangan dan sosial budaya setempat berdasarkan pertimbangan stakeholder. Jenis vegetasi untuk kegiatan pengkayaan dan penanaman pada lokasi semak belukar mengacu pada lokasi KPSL sebagai referensi karena kecenderungan memiliki kemiripan dengan dengan indeks kesamaan komunitas sebesar 52,03%. Jenis vegetasi untuk kegiatan pengkayaan dan penanaman pada lokasi lahan terbuka mengacu pada lokasi KPPN sebagai referensi karena kecenderungan memiliki kemiripan dengan dengan indeks kesamaan komunitas sebesar 52,17%.Kata kunci: Degradasi hutan, komposisi, restorasi, struktur


2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 208-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mückstein ◽  
O. Holuša

In 1999&ndash;2000 in the Protected Landscape Area (PLA) Žď&aacute;rsk&eacute; vrchy hills the occurrence of psocids (Psocoptera) was studied in different types of biotopes: natural forest ecosystems (stands of Fagus sylvatica with individual admixture of Abies alba, Acer pseudoplatanus, Picea abies), changed forest ecosystems (monoculture of Picea abies), young plantations in forest stands, disperse forest vegetation (solitary trees), and also non-forest ecosystems &ndash; agrocenoses, meadows and grazing lands. A total of 10,560 adults in 20 species were found. Three groups of biotopes with specific psocid taxocenosis were found out by computed cluster analysis &ndash; l. natural forest stands with dominance of Fagus sylvatica, 2. disperse tree vegetation and solitary trees in cultural landscape, and 3. forest stands remote to nature (monoculture of Picea abies). Occurrence of psocids was observed from the beginning of May to mid- November. Maximum of abundance was found in September.


2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Holuša

Psocid taxocenoses (<I>Psocoptera</I>) were studied in forest ecosystems of the Western Carpathian Mts. during 1997–2001. As a study frame were used altitudinal vegetation zones (according to PLÍVA 1971, 1991). Lower units of forest typological system (forest type complexes) were used for a classification of ecological conditions as well. Within this work can be the term “mountain spruce forest” understood as following communities of altitudinal vegetation zones (AVZ): the 7<sup>th</sup> – <I>Fageti-Piceeta</I> s. lat. and the 8<sup>th</sup> – <I>Piceeta</I>s. lat. These AVZ occur in the study area in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. in the Czech Republic and the Oravské Beskydy Mts. in the Slovakia 2,461 adults comprising 16 species were found in total: 12 species (eudominant species <I>Caecilius despaxi, Mesopsocus unipunctatus</I>, dominant species <I>Stenopsocus lachlani, Amphigerontia bifasciata</I>and <I>Caecilius burmeisteri</I> were found in the 7<sup>th</sup> AVZ and an equal number of species was found in the 8<sup>th</sup> AVZ (eudominant species <I>Caecilius despaxi, Stenopsocus lachlani</I>). Taxocenoses of psocids were evaluated by Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and Divisive Cluster Analysis (DvClA). Material was compared with other material gained from various altitudinal vegetation zones in the Outer Western Carpathians Mts. Characteristic species composition of psocids in the 7 <sup>th</sup> and 8<sup>th</sup> altitudinal vegetation zones were designated: the 7<sup>th</sup> AVZ – <I>Caecilius despaxi – Amphigerontia bifasciata – Mesopsocus unipunctatus – Stenopsocus lachlani</I>, the 8<sup>th</sup> AVZ is identical but with different species dominance.


Author(s):  
Otakar Holuša

Structure of psocid taxocenoses (Psocoptera) were studied in forest ecosystems of the Western Carpathian Mts. during 1997–2001. Vegetation tiers were used as a study frame. Lower units of forest site classification system (forest type complexes) were used for a classification of ecological conditions as well. Only a part of material, i.e. individuals that was found in the forest ecosystems of Fageta abietis s. lat. communities (= the 4th beech vegetation tier) was evaluated for purpose of this work. This vegetation tier is widespread in large part of Vsetínské vrchy hills, in the highest parts of Podbeskydská pahorkatina hills, and in the foothills of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. 1774 adults comprising 32 species were found in total in the 4th vegetation tier. As eudominant species, the following ones were found: Caecilius flavidus and C. burmeisteri, as dominant species, the following ones were found: Philotarsus picicornis, Elipsocus moebiusi and Peripsocus subfasciatus. In natural geobiocenoses with the level of naturalness of 1 or 2, the following species were found: as eudominant species: Caecilius flavidus and Elipsocus moebiusi, as dominant species, the following one was found: Mesopsocus unipunctatum. Taxocenoses of psocids were evaluated by Detrended Correspondence analysis (DCA) and Divisive Cluster analysis (DvClA). This material was compared to another material gained from various vegetation tiers in the Western Carpathians Mts. The characteristic species composition of psocids in the 4th vegetation tier was as follows: Caecilius flavidus – Elipsocus moebiusi – Peripsocus parvulus.


Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Jung ◽  
Bruno Scanu ◽  
Clive Brasier ◽  
Joan Webber ◽  
Ivan Milenković ◽  
...  

In 2016 and 2017, surveys of Phytophthora diversity were performed in 25 natural and semi-natural forest stands and 16 rivers in temperate and subtropical montane and tropical lowland regions of Vietnam. Using baiting assays from soil samples and rivers and direct isolations from naturally fallen leaves, 13 described species, five informally designated taxa and 21 previously unknown taxa of Phytophthora were isolated from 58 of the 91 soil samples (63.7%) taken from the rhizosphere of 52 of the 64 woody plant species sampled (81.3%) in 20 forest stands (83.7%), and from all rivers: P. capensis, P. citricola VII, VIII, IX, X and XI, P. sp. botryosa-like 2, P. sp. meadii-like 1 and 2, P. sp. tropicalis-like 2 and P. sp. multivesiculata-like 1 from Phytophthora major phylogenetic Clade 2; P. castaneae and P. heveae from Clade 5; P. chlamydospora, P. gregata, P. sp. bitahaiensis-like and P. sp. sylvatica-like 1, 2 and 3 from Clade 6; P. cinnamomi (Pc), P. parvispora, P. attenuata, P. sp. attenuata-like 1, 2 and 3 and P. ×heterohybrida from Clade 7; P. drechsleri, P. pseudocryptogea, P. ramorum (Pr) and P. sp. kelmania from Clade 8, P. macrochlamydospora, P. sp. ×insolita-like, P. sp. ×kunnunara-like, P. sp. ×virginiana-like s.l. and three new taxa, P. sp. quininea-like, P. sp. ×Grenada 3-like and P. sp. ×Peru 4-like, from Clade 9; and P. sp. gallica-like 1 and 2 from Clade 10. The A1 and A2 mating types of both Pc and Pr co-occurred. The A2 mating type of Pc was associated with severe dieback of montane forests in northern Vietnam. Most other Phytophthora species, including Pr, were not associated with obvious disease symptoms. It is concluded that (1) Vietnam is within the center of origin of most Phytophthora taxa found including Pc and Pr, and (2) Phytophthora clades 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are native to Indochina.


2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-162
Author(s):  
Mohammed Adefa Seid ◽  
Yigardu Mulatu ◽  
Agena Anjulo ◽  
Semaigzer Ayalew ◽  
Hailu Belay ◽  
...  

The population dynamics and genetic qualities of stem height and dbh of the populations of Milicia excelsa, Pouteria adolfi-fridercii, Antiaris toxicaria and Prunus africana were assessed and studied in 14 forest ecosystems in south and south-western Ethiopia. A systematic random quadrat sampling technique was employed to identify potential habitat area for selected timber species in south and south-western Ethiopia. So, a total of 10 parallel transect lines were set out across each forest habitat. Milicia excelsa was assessed in four forest ecosystems; Bebeka -Duduka natural forest (45 tree stem ha-1) and Yayu coffee mixed forest (40 tree stem ha-1) appeared to have relatively denser population of M. excelsa compared to the other pilot forests. Similarly, statistically larger stem height (m) is observed in Bebeka-Duduka natural forest (x̅=29.5, SD=4.2) and larger dbh size (cm) in Bebeka 1 coffee mixed forest (x̅=48.5, SD=25.2) at p<0.05. Hence, Bebeka-Duduka natural forest and Bebeka 1 coffee mixed forests are identified for in-situ SPA establishment project of the target species. Pouteria adolfi-fridercii was assessed in eight forest ecosystems; Masha-Gora shewi forest appeared to have dense population of P. adolfi-fridercii (150 tree stem ha-1) followed by Bebeka-Kebereta (80 tree stem ha-1) as compared to the remaining pilot forests. However, statistically larger stem height (m) is scored in Bebeka 2 natural forest (x̅=30.6, SD=2.98) and Bebeka-kebereta forest (x̅=30.0, SD=4.4) and larger dbh size (cm) in Bebeka 2 natural forest (x̅=96.5, SD=19.9) at p<0.05. So, Bebeka 2 natural forest and Bebeka-kebereta forest are identified for SPA establishment project of the target species. Antiaris toxicaria was assessed in two forest ecosystems where both forest habitats appeared to have the same density of Antiaris toxicaria in hectare. Moreover, analyses of mean stem height (cm) of Bebeka 1 forest (x̅=21.4, SD=5.2) and Bebeka-kebereta forest (x̅=22.4, SD=2.7), and mean dbh size (cm) of Bebeka 1 forest (x̅=48, SD=16.4) and Bebeka-kebereta forest (x̅=48, SD=8.2) appeared to have not significantly different at p<0.05. Prunus africana was assessed in five forest ecosystems; Masha-Gora shewi forest appeared to have dense population of Prunus africana (150 tree stem ha-1) followed by Kaho-shemeta forest (130 tree stem ha-1) as compared to the remaining pilot forests. However, statistically larger stem height (m) is scored in Kaho-shemeta natural forest (x̅=31, SD=7.6) and larger dbh (cm) in Masha-Gora shewi forest (x̅=64.7, SD=28.2) at p<0.05. As the result, Kaho-shemeta natural forest and Bonga-Teja-adela forest are identified for establishment of seed production area of the target species in-situ. Hence, while implementing the project of domestication and seed production area establishment in south and south-western Ethiopia, in-situ and ex-situ areas must be selected and delineated in accordance with this preliminary information of the population dynamics and genetic qualities of stem height and diameter at breast height. The survey data generated in this study would bridge the research gap in relation to the population status of the target tree species in the designated area.


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