scholarly journals Developments of VAT Rates in EU Countries in the Context of Harmonization and Fiscal Consolidation

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 487-498
Author(s):  
Alena Andrejovská ◽  
Lucia Mihóková
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
Fiscal Consolidation ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Relative Autonomy ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Tax Harmonization ◽  
Harmonization Process ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
The Eu

Although the value added tax is most often used tax it is a relatively young tax instrument that can assure significant increase in countries tax revenues. The advantage of VAT is that it is a consumption tax and so the tax payers take it as a natural part of the price. To assure the transparency and flexibility of relationships between EU countries, EC stresses the need of harmonizing Member States’ approaches to VAT rates and tax bases. Development of its rates refers to a relative autonomy of the states’ policies and at the same time illustrates the changes in the tax harmonization process, which enhances the need for its research. The paper analyzes the development of VAT rates in the EU since their introduction, with the emphasis on the period 2000–2012. Development is evaluated in terms of harmonization and fiscal consolidation in the crisis years. At the same time the implicit rate of value added tax is determined, which serves as a measure of tax collection success to its base.

scholarly journals Changes of the value added tax in the tax-harmonization process with EC directives

2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Andrea Votavová
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Tax Harmonization ◽  
Harmonization Process

The aim of this article is to bring near the topical process of the assimilation the Czech law of value added tax to the EC-directives. The attention will be paid to the development of the harmonization this law in 1993 – 2003 and I will describe and analyse the choice sections of the value added tax law (with the effective date from 1. 5. 2004). I will explain the changes by tax rates.

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Sector Theory ◽  
The Eu

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services. 

scholarly journals An Assessment of Carousel Value-Added Tax Fraud in The European Carbon Market

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Berrittella ◽  
Filippo Alessandro Cimino
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Emission Trading ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carbon Market ◽  
Eu Ets ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe literature on the European Union Emission Trading System (EU ETS) is by now very rich. Much is known about the efficiency, the effectiveness, and the environmental and distributional impacts of the EU ETS. Less, however, is known about the carousel value-added-tax (VAT) fraud phenomena in the European carbon market. This article evaluates the welfare effects of carousel VAT fraud in the EU ETS using a computable general equilibrium (CGE) analysis. According to our findings, if VAT fraud occurs in the EU ETS, the effects on welfare for the EU Member States are negative, with welfare loss significantly higher than the VAT fraud value. This article also discusses the reverse charge mechanism that EU Member States could adopt to reduce the VAT fraud phenomena in the European carbon market.

scholarly journals National fiscal frameworks in the post-crisis European Union

Equilibrium ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-642
Author(s):  
Agata Szymańska
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
European Union ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Agglomerative Clustering ◽  
Clustering Method ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Fiscal Frameworks

Research background: The latest economic and financial crisis has seriously injured European Union Member States, affecting the condition of their public finances. In the face of the crisis, the EU made a special effort to increase the effectiveness of national fiscal frameworks, e.g. by improving the compliance with legislation. The post 2009 reforms were aimed at providing a solid economic foundation for the national fiscal frameworks, especially in the high-debt euro area countries. Purpose of the article: The goal of this research is twofold. Firstly, it aims to provide an outline of the national fiscal governance in the EU. Secondly, the paper analyzes the changes in the core measures of fiscal governance in the EU between the crisis period and the year 2016 (due to the latest available data) and investigates the similarities in the progress made by the 28 EU countries in restoring balance in public finance. Methods: To achieve the goal, the literature review and the analysis of core elements of national fiscal frameworks are provided. In the empirical section the grouping method for all 28 EU countries based on the Ward's agglomerative hierarchical clustering method is employed. The study uses data derived from the AMECO database (in the case of fiscal data) and the European Commission thematic data for quality indexes of particular elements of fiscal governance (numerical fiscal rules, medium-term budgetary frameworks and independent fiscal institutions). Findings & Value added: This paper contributes to the literature by, on the one hand, attempting to analyze changes in main fiscal governance measures and, on the other hand, by assessing their link with public finance through employment of the agglomerative clustering method. Based on the results, the conclusion about the importance of the improvement in fiscal frameworks is provided. The analysis shows that countries with better national fiscal framework achieved better results in public finances regardless the macroeconomic conditions.

Die umsatzsteuerliche Behandlung von Konsignationslagern in der Europäischen Union

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Alika Brinkmann
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chain Management ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Value Added ◽  
European Law ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Member States ◽  
Chain Management ◽  
Accounting Principles ◽  
The Eu

Consignment and call-off stocks are very important in supply chain management. Their treatment in terms of value added tax is complicated and error-prone as several Member States in the EU have simplification rules which are not harmonised with one another. In this regard, four systems are especially relevant. This thesis focuses first on the requirements set by European law. In a next step, it analyses the different VAT systems using those in Germany, England, France and Belgium as examples. Additionally, it discusses civil law and accounting principles.

scholarly journals RECOGNITION AND AUDIT OF COSTS IN SIMPLIFIED TAXATION SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentyna Hoshovska ◽  
Viktoriia Masalitina ◽  
Svitlana Nakonechna
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Legal Entities ◽  
The Current Account

The simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting should be considered an effective tool to stimulate the development of small business and ensure a sufficient level of business activity in the state. The study various aspects of the organization and implementation of accounting, auditing for businesses that have chosen a simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting is important. The purpose of the article is to deepen the methodological approaches to the recognition of costs and audit of costs in a simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting. The article reveals the essence of the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting, features of its implementation and requirements for individuals -entrepreneurs and legal entities who are allowed to apply the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting under current legislation (August 2021). It is established that the payers of the single tax of the first, second and third groups (not the value added tax payer) do not recognize expenses and do not carry out costs accounting. The difference between the recognition of expenses by legal entities and individuals -entrepreneurs in the application of the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting is determined. For single tax payers of individuals -entrepreneurs (value added tax payers) the legislation defines the cash method of income recognition upon receipt of funds on the current account (cash desk), withdrawal of cash proceeds from trading machines and, accordingly, recognition of costs upon payment through the current account (cash desk) with mandatory documentary confirmation. Methodological approaches to the recognition of costs by individuals-entrepreneurs (value added tax payers) and legal entities in the application of the simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting are in-depth. To verify the correctness of the recognition of costs in the application of a simplified system of taxation, accounting and reporting, documentation, accuracy and completeness of reflection in accounting and financial reporting (for legal entities) developed a program of audit of costs.

scholarly journals Value-Added Tax On Virtual World Transactions: A South African Perspective

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Gregory Johnston ◽  
Sare Pienaar
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
South African ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Consumption Tax ◽  
The South ◽  
Value Added Tax ◽  
Internet Age ◽  
African Perspective

The dawn of the internet age has brought about concepts such as electronic commerce, virtual worlds and digitized products. When consumption tax laws such as value-added tax (VAT) or goods and service tax (GST) were legislated, these concepts were not envisaged. The aim of this article is to determine whether the South African value-added tax (VAT) Act is applicable to transactions occurring in virtual worlds. The article critically analyses section 7(1) of the VAT Act to determine its applicability to transactions occurring in virtual worlds. The benefit of this article will be to highlight the deficiency in the South African VAT Act in dealing with electronic commerce transactions as well as transactions arising in virtual worlds. The study reported here concluded that the South African VAT Act in its current format does not appear to deal with transactions occurring in virtual worlds effectively. Consequently, amendments to existing law should be effected in order to deal effectively with the transactions.

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