Effect of Clearance on Mechanical Damage of Processed Rice

The effect of rubber rolls in husking machine (Yanmar type) on rice cultivars of Tarm Hashemi (TH) and Daillman Mazandarani (DM) were tested during husking at three clearances of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 mm between cylinders. The experiments were carried out in a factorial experiment under complete randomized design with three replications. The results showed that the TH cultivar was significantly better than the DM in all studied conditions. The results showed broken rice of 6.239 % and 6.729 %, cracked grain percentage of 3.787 % and 4.671 %, brown rice (husked rice) of 82.049 % and 80.113 %, husking efficiency of 84.719 % and 83.152 % and head rice yield of 70.633 % and 69.202 % for TH and DM, respectively. The clearance of 0.8 mm was significantly superior to the levels of 0.4 and 0.6 mm in all studied conditions.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Clearance on the Performance of Machine Husking Rubber Rolls for Two

Journal of University of Babylon for Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.29196/jub.v26i3.595 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 207-214

Author(s):

Salih K. Alwan ◽

Akbar Arabhosseini ◽

Mohammed H Kianmeher ◽

Ali M Kermani

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Positive Relationship ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Brown Rice ◽

Factorial Experiment ◽

Broken Rice ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Head Rice ◽

Different Levels ◽

Better Than

The effect of clearance between cylinders of machine husking rubber rolls (type Yanmar rubber roll – ST 50) on rice husk quality and breakage percentage was evaluated for two cultivars of rice. Tarm Hashemi (TH) and Daillman (DM) and clearance between cylinders of machine husking rubber at three different levels of 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8mm.The experiment was done in factorial experiment under complete randomized design (CRD) with three replications the results indicate that the TH cultivar is significantly better than the D M in all studied traits. There was a negative relationship between increased clearance with head rice percentage and brown rice percentage in addition to the positive relationship between the increased percentage of cracked grain ,broken rice percentage and husking efficiency.

Download Full-text

Rice cultivar response to sublethal concentrations of glyphosate and paraquat late in the season

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/wet.2020.112 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Justin McCoy ◽

Bobby Golden ◽

Jason Bond ◽

Darrin Dodds ◽

Taghi Bararpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Head Rice ◽

Rough Rice ◽

Head Rice Yield ◽

Sublethal Concentrations

Abstract Differential tolerance may be observed among rice cultivars with desiccant exposure events during rice reproduction and ripening. Five field studies were established at the Mississippi State University Delta Research and Extension Center in Stoneville, MS, to determine the effects of exposure to sublethal concentrations of common desiccants across multiple rice cultivars. Rice cultivars in the study were ‘CLXL745’, ‘XL753’, ‘CL163’, ‘Rex’, and ‘Jupiter’. Desiccant treatments included no desiccant, paraquat, or glyphosate and were applied at the 50% heading growth stage respective to cultivar. Differential injury estimates among cultivars and desiccant treatments was observed when glyphosate or paraquat was applied at 50% heading. Injury from glyphosate at 50% heading was nondetectable across all cultivars. However, injury following paraquat applications was >7% across all rating intervals and cultivars. Hybrid cultivars exhibited less injury with paraquat applications than the inbred cultivars in the study. Rice following exposure to glyphosate or paraquat at 50% heading growth stage produced rough rice grain yield decreases ranging from 0% to 20% and 9% to 21%, respectively. Rough rice grain yield decreases were observed across all cultivars following paraquat exposure, and all inbred cultivars following glyphosate exposure. Across desiccant treatment, head rice yield was reduced in three of five cultivars in the study. When pooled across cultivar, paraquat applications cause a head rice yield reduction of 10%, whereas rice yield following glyphosate application remained >95%. Although differential tolerance among cultivars to paraquat or glyphosate exposure was observed, impacts on grain quality coupled with yield reductions suggests extreme rice sensitivity to exposure to sublethal concentrations of these desiccants at the 50% heading growth stage.

Download Full-text

Effect of Parboiling Conditions on Physical and Cooking Quality of Selected Rice Varieties

International Journal of Food Science ◽

10.1155/2020/8810553 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Ayenew Meresa ◽

Ayalew Demissew ◽

Seifu Yilma ◽

Getu Tegegne ◽

Kiber Temesgen

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Rice Variety ◽

Uptake Ratio ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Broken Rice ◽

Head Rice ◽

Head Rice Yield ◽

Soaking Temperature

Most locally cultivated rice varieties in Ethiopia have low physical (low head rice yield, high broken rice yield, and high percentage of chalkiness) and cooking qualities (low water uptake ratio and swelling ratio). Parboiling, a process which involves soaking, steaming, and drying, has been identified as a key technique to improve cooking and milling quality of rice. The current study is aimed at elucidating the effect of parboiling on physical and cooking qualities of three rice varieties (Gumara, Edget, and Narica4) collected from Fogera National Rice Research and Training Center, Amhara region, Ethiopia. Each rice variety was subjected to different soaking temperatures (40°C, 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C) and steaming time (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minutes). The treatment effect results indicated that parboiling has a significant effect (P<0.05) on head rice yield and percentage of broken rice with increased soaking temperature and steaming time as compared to the control. For instance, percent head rice yield increased as soaking temperature (from 40 to 80°C) and steaming time (from 10 to 50 min) increased: for Gumara, from 4.07 to 93.6%, for Edget, 9.47 to 96.53, and from 3.20 to 91.67 for Narica4. Percentage chalkiness had decreased as soaking temperature and steaming time increased: 97.33% to 0.00% for Gumara, 97.80% to 0.00% for Edget, and 100.00% to 0.13% for Narica4 as compared to 100% for control of all varieties. The minimum cooking time was identified as 16-23 min for Gumara, 16-23 min for Edget, and 15-20 min for Narica4 rice varieties. The result of the present study clearly showed that parboiling with high soaking temperature and steaming time increased the head rice yield, water uptake ratio, decreased percentage chalkiness, and enhanced the overall quality of the rice varieties.

Download Full-text

Rice grain discoloration effect on physical properties and head rice yield in three rice cultivars

Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods ◽

10.3920/qas2014.0582 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 283-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Mobasher Amini ◽

M.R. Alizadeh ◽

F. Padasht ◽

S.A. Elahinia ◽

S.A. Khodaparast

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Head Rice ◽

Head Rice Yield

Download Full-text

A STUDY OF HEAD RICE YIELD REDUCTION OF LONG- AND MEDIUM-GRAIN RICE VARIETIES IN RELATION TO VARIOUS HARVEST AND DRYING CONDITIONS

Transactions of the ASAE ◽

10.13031/2013.3072 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 1709-1714 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

J. Fan ◽

T. J. Siebenmorgen ◽

W. Yang

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Head Rice ◽

Head Rice Yield ◽

Drying Conditions

Download Full-text

Method of producing parboiled rice without steam by fluidized bed dryer

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202018701002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 187 ◽

pp. 01002

Author(s):

Asadayuth Mitsiri ◽

Somkiat Prachayawarakorn ◽

Sakamon Devahastin ◽

Wathanyoo Rordprapat ◽

Somchart Soponronnarit

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Fluidized Bed ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Experimental Result ◽

Rice Starch ◽

Parboiled Rice ◽

Starch Gelatinization ◽

Fluidized Bed Dryer ◽

Head Rice ◽

Head Rice Yield

A more simple methodology of producing parboiled rice is subject to be investigated in this work with proposed the method, the gelatinization of rice starch, commonly taking place at the steaming step in the traditional process, and drying are combined and replaced by a hot air fluidized bed dryer. A pilot-scale continuous fluidized bed, with a maximum capacity of 140-150 kg/h, has been designed, constructed and tested. Suphanburi 90 paddy variety with high amylose content was dipped into hot water at temperatures of 70, 80, 83°C for 4.0, 3.3, 3.2 h, respectively, to get the moisture content around 47-55% db and dried at 150-170°C using air speed of 3.5 m/s. The paddy bed depth within the dryer was 3 and 5 cm. In the dryer operation, the exhaust air was fully recycled and reheated again by 30 kW electrical heaters to the desired temperature. The experimental result has shown that parboiled rice with a different degree of starch gelatinization could be produced by this technique. The degree ranged between 80-100% as examined by differential scanning calorimeter. The exit moisture content was given in a range of 14-21% db, relying on the drying temperature and soaking time. The aforementioned exit moisture contents were not a detrimental effect on head rice yield although the tempering was not included. The head rice yield was given in the range of 59-66%, depending on the degree of starch gelatinization. The starch granules lost their original shape as revealed by scanning electron microscope.

Download Full-text

Effect of temperature and mode of drying on bioactive compounds and quality of germinated parboiled rice

Proceedings of 21th International Drying Symposium ◽

10.4995/ids2018.2018.7366 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Busarakorn Mahayothee ◽

Supaporn Klaykruayat ◽

Marcus Nagle ◽

Joachim Müller

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Flow Mode ◽

Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Parboiled Rice ◽

Head Rice ◽

Through Flow ◽

Head Rice Yield

Germinated parboiled rice (GPR) is recognized as a functional food because it is rich in bioactive compounds, especially gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GPR was produced by soaking, incubating, steaming, and then drying using a high-precision hot air dryer. The results indicated that air flow mode and drying temperature had significant effects on the quality of GPR. Drying at higher temperatures and shorter times conserved GABA content. Using through-flow mode decreased drying time and prevented color change. However, a slightly lower percentage of head rice yield was observed. Moreover, using through-flow mode negatively affected the hardness loss after cooking.Keywords: Germinated parboiled rice; Drying mode; Gamma-aminobutyric acid; Head rice yield

Download Full-text

X-Ray Detection of Fissures in Rough Rice Kernels

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/aea.12369 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 721-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zephania R. Odek ◽

Bhagwati Prakash ◽

Terry J. Siebenmorgen

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

X Rays ◽

Milled Rice ◽

Substantial Impact ◽

X Ray ◽

X Ray Imaging ◽

Head Rice ◽

Rough Rice ◽

Head Rice Yield ◽

Rice Drying

Abstract. X-ray imaging is a viable method of fissure detection in rough rice kernels owing to the ability of X-rays to penetrate hulls, thus allowing visualization of internal rice kernel structure. Traditional methods of fissure detection are only applicable for brown and milled rice, and therefore cannot be used to study fissures developed during rough rice drying. In this study, the fissure detection capability of an X-ray system was evaluated and the relationship between head rice yield (HRY), as measured through laboratory milling, and the percentage of fissured rough rice kernels was determined. Long-grain rice lots of various cultivars were dried using heated air at 60°C, 10% relative humidity (RH) for five drying durations to produce different degrees of fissuring, and then milled to determine HRY. A strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.95) between HRY and the percentage of fissured rough rice kernels after drying was determined. This correlation confirms the substantial impact that kernel fissures have on milling yields. Overall, these findings show the effectiveness of X-ray imaging in rough rice fissure detection, which could allow for drying research that may provide a better understanding of kernel fissuring kinetics. Keywords: Fissures, Grainscope, Head rice yield, Rice drying, X-ray imaging.

Download Full-text