The Political Economy of Collective Action, Inequality, and Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
The Political ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
High Standards

Why do some societies achieve high standards of living, relatively broad access to education and quality health care, serviceable infrastructure, predictable and largely impersonal legal procedures, and relatively accessible avenues to peaceful political expression, while others stagnate with guarded islands of extravagant wealth, surrounded by oceans of poverty, corrupt autocratic systems, and simmering conflicts—or even full-blown civil wars? Why, did South Korea, a dictatorship that faced devastating war from 1950-1954, and whose 1960 GDP per capita was half that of Mexico and twice that of India, have, by 2015, a per capita GDP that exceeded Mexico’s by a factor of three and India’s by a factor of 17—in addition to a largely peaceful transition to democracy? How might a society, trapped in stagnation, corruption, and repression, initiate and sustain processes of economic and political development?

scholarly journals Nawacita, Pancasila, dan Ideologi Politik Pembangunan Nasional

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Hastangka Hastangka ◽  
Lestanta Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
National Development ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
The Political ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Pembangunan suatu bangsa tidak lepas dari ideologi politik yang diletakkan. Ideologi politik ini dapat berpengaruh dalam mengarahkan dan membentuk paradigma pembangunan nasional. Di Indonesia, politik pembangunan nasional selalu dipengaruhi oleh ideologi dan politik penguasa. Penguasa pada setiap zaman atau periode pemerintahan memiliki dasar ideologis dan politik yang unik dan khas dalam menjalankan pemerintahannya. Studi tentang pembangunan selama ini memang tidak terlalu banyak membahas peran dan pengaruh ideologi dan politik di dalamnya. Studi pembangunan yang berkembang selama ini bergerak pada tiga arus utama yaitu ekonomi, lingkungan, dan tata ruang wilayah atau tata ruang kota. Pembahasan tentang paradigma pembangunan atau pengarusutamaan pembangunan merujuk pada dua posisi yaitu posisi global, dimana peran global mengarahkan paradigma pembangunan yang selama ini berkembang di bebagai negara negara di dunia. Kemajuan negara negara yang memiliki standar hidup dan ekonomi yang tinggi dapat mempengaruhi paradigma dan model pembangunan yang ada di seluruh kawasan atau benua. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menggali garis ideologi dan politik yang diletakkan oleh pemerintah dalam membangun gagasan pembangunan nasional yang berkeadilan sosial melalui konsepsi Nawacita dan Pancasila. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian menggunakan interpretasi, analisis kebijakan, dan korelasi. Data yang digunakan berupa buku teks, jurnal, laporan ilmiah, dan peraturan perundang undangan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memperlihatkan relasi antara Nawacita, Pancasila dalam praktek ideologi politik pembangunan. The development of a nation is inseparable from the political ideology laid down. This political ideology can influence in directing and shaping the paradigm of national development. In Indonesia, the politics of national development has always been affected by the authorities' ideology and politics. The police in each era or period of government has a unique and unique ideological and political basis in carrying out their government. The study of development has not discussed too much the role and influence of ideology and politics in it. Development studies that have developed so far are engaged in three main currents: economy, environment, and regional or city spatial planning. The discussion of the development paradigm or the mainstreaming of development refers to two positions, namely the global situation, where the global role directs the development paradigm that has been developing in various countries in the world. Countries with high standards of living and economy can influence the development of paradigms and models that exist in all regions or continents. But a government that has not been fortunate or is still in the process of progressing towards the goals and objectives of the state tries to put its development paradigm on two legs. On the first foot, try to use the prescription of a global development paradigm. On the other hand, it uses the development paradigm, which is owned by the nation itself with the ideological and political lines laid by the authorities. In Indonesia, the idea of the ideology and politics of national development in the context of President Jokowi's administration spread an interesting ideological and political line, Nawacita. Nawacita is an ideal set forth in 9 agendas that are used as a reference and state ideological direction. This nawacita needs to be seen in the framework of national development. This study aims to describe and explore the government's ideological and political lines in building the idea of national development with social justice through the conception of Nawacita and Pancasila. The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach. Analysis of the data used in research uses interpretation, policy analysis, and correlation—the data used in the form of textbooks, journals, scientific reports, and legislation. This study's results are expected to show the relationship between Nawacita, Pancasila in the practice of political development ideology.

Women in South Sudan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Tounsel
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
The Political ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Female Population ◽  
South Sudanese ◽  
Women And Girls ◽  
Unequal Access ◽  
New Nation

Since the late 19th-century, Southern Sudanese have experienced Anglo-Egyptian colonialism (1899–1956), national independence with Northern Sudan (1956), two civil wars that resulted in South Sudanese independence (1955–1972, 1983–2005), a civil war within the new nation (2013–2018), and the conclusion of that conflict (2018). Southern Sudanese women’s experiences within, and contributions to, this stream of cataclysmic events has been harrowing and significant. This tumultuous history is rife with harsh realities. Women and girls have consistently had unequal access to education compared to their male counterparts, been subjected to sexual violence, marginalized from the political sphere, and faced a multitude of socioeconomic constraints and hardships. Many social scientists, furthermore, have argued that women’s vulnerabilities have increased as the result of lengthy militarized violence. However, in the midst of these realities, women have found ways to make important contributions not only as mothers, wives, and daughters but also as soldiers, teachers, activists, agriculturalists, and in various other positions during each of the postcolonial liberation wars. While women’s political participation has been encouraged since South Sudan’s 2011 independence, war, sexual violence, and socioeconomic inequalities have kept the female population in a vulnerable position.

How Low-Income Mothers Seek Quality Health Care for Their Children: An Ethnographic Study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marquia Blackmon ◽  
Sherry C. Eaton ◽  
Linda M. Burton ◽  
Whitney Welsh ◽  
Dwayne Brandon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Low Income Mothers

Three Cases of Joubert Syndrome in a Consanguineous Syrian Family and a Interesting Case of Multinational Collaboration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davor Petrović ◽  
Vida Čulić ◽  
Zofia Swinderek-Alsayed
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Joubert Syndrome ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Ocular Motor ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
Motor Apraxia

AbstractJoubert syndrome (JS) is a rare congenital, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a distinctive brain malformation, developmental delay, ocular motor apraxia, breathing abnormalities, and high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. We are reporting three siblings with JS from consanguineous parents in Syria. Two of them had the same homozygous c.2172delA (p.Trp725Glyfs*) AHI1 mutation and the third was diagnosed prenatally with magnetic resonance imaging. This pathogenic variant is very rare and described in only a few cases in the literature. Multinational collaboration could be of benefit for the patients from undeveloped, low-income countries that have a low-quality health care system, especially for the diagnosis of rare diseases.

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