The effect of 8 weeks of physical training on muscle performance and maximal fat oxidation rates in patients treated with simvastatin and coenzyme Q10 supplementation

The present study aimed to investigate the potential effect of different aerobic fitness levels on substrate oxidation in trained taekwondo athletes. 57 male athletes (age 21.10±7.79 years; VO2max 50.67±6.67 ml/kg/min) with regular weekly taekwondo training and training experience of at least three years completed a graded exercise test to exhaustion on a treadmill. Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), the exercise intensity related to MFO (Fatmax), and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation rate were measured using indirect calorimetry methods. The athletes then were divided into a low (<50 ml/kg/min, n=18) and high (>50 ml/kg/min, n=39) VO2max group. The average MFO was higher in the high VO2max group than in the low VO2max group (0.46±0.19 vs 0.28±0.11 g/min; P<0.001). Although Fatmax tended toward higher values in the high VO2max group, no difference was observed between the groups (49.15±15.22 vs 42.42±12.37% of VO2max; P=0.18). It was also shown that the high VO2max group had a lower CHO oxidation rate and a higher fat oxidation rate at given exercise intensities. In conclusion, it seems that MFO and substrate oxidation rates in taekwondo athletes can be influenced by aerobic fitness level such that the athletes with higher VO2max appeared to use more fat as a fuel source for energy supply during a given exercise.

Download Full-text

Abdomally Obese Women With Metabolic Syndrome Have Higher Maximal Fat Oxidation Rates During Submaximal Treadmill Exercise.

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000356146.73801.f9 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 523

Author(s):

Brian A. Irving ◽

Corey A. Rynders ◽

Siddhartha S. Angadi ◽

Nathan Y. Weltman ◽

Glenn A. Gaesser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Treadmill Exercise ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Obese Women ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation

Download Full-text

Maximal fat oxidation rates in endurance trained and untrained women

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-006-0290-x ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 497-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Anne Bach Stisen ◽

Ole Stougaard ◽

Josef Langfort ◽

Jørn Wulff Helge ◽

Kent Sahlin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fat Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation

Download Full-text

The Effects of Exercise Modalities on the Maximal Fat Oxidation Rates in Women

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000321461.14403.b8 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement) ◽

pp. S4

Author(s):

Kelly P. Manning Massey ◽

Jeffrey C. Rupp ◽

Jurine Owen

Keyword(s):

Fat Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation

Download Full-text

Comparison between continuous and intermittent submaximal exercise at the intensity of maximal fat oxidation

Journal of Human Sciences ◽

10.14687/jhs.v13i3.4134 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 4604

Author(s):

Gökhan İpekoğlu ◽

Şükrü Serdar Balcı

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Oxidation Rate ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Whole Body ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation ◽

Protocol Test

The aim of the study was to determine the rate of fat oxidation during continuous and intermittent acute endurance exercise. Eleven healthy untrained men participated in this study. Subjects performed Bruce protocol test on cycle ergometer to determine maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max). The exercise intensity in which the highest fat oxidation rate occurs was determined in this exercise test for each subject. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide (VCO2) production during the exercises were followed by respiratory gas analyzer and whole-body fat oxidation was calculated by indirect calorimeter equations. Subjects performed 45min intermittent (IE) and continuous (CE) exercises in respiratory exchange ratio (RER) at intensity correspondent at the highest fat oxidation rate (Fat max). The peak fat oxidation rate was equal to 40.6% of maximum oxygen consumption of subjects. The changes occurring with time in fat (F=20.67) and carbohydrate (F=19.44) oxidation rates were statistically significant (P<0.01). However, the changes of fat and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation with time did not show any statistically significant differences between the continuous and intermittent exercises (P>0.05). The results of the study indicate that the continuous and intermittent exercises performed at the exercise intensity ensuring maximum fat oxidation rate provide similar fat oxidation. Especially, for the individuals starting regular exercise applications newly, it can be said that similar positive results regarding fat oxidation can also be obtained by avoiding the insipidity of long lasting exercises and giving breaks.

Download Full-text

Effects of 2 different prior endurance exercises on whole-body fat oxidation kinetics: light vs. heavy exercise

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h2012-076 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 955-964 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xavier Chenevière ◽

Fabio Borrani ◽

David Droz ◽

Boris Gojanovic ◽

Davide Malatesta

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Oxidation Kinetics ◽

Rest Period ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Whole Body ◽

Incremental Test ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation ◽

Aerobic Power Output

This study aimed to compare the effects of 2 different prior endurance exercises on subsequent whole-body fat oxidation kinetics. Fifteen men performed 2 identical submaximal incremental tests (Incr2) on a cycle ergometer after (i) a ∼40-min submaximal incremental test (Incr1) followed by a 90-min continuous exercise performed at 50% of maximal aerobic power-output and a 1-h rest period (Heavy); and (ii) Incr1 followed by a 2.5-h rest period (Light). Fat oxidation was measured using indirect calorimetry and plotted as a function of exercise intensity during Incr1 and Incr2. A sinusoidal equation, including 3 independent variables (dilatation, symmetry and translation), was used to characterize the fat oxidation kinetics and to determine the intensity (Fatmax) that elicited the maximal fat oxidation (MFO) during Incr. After the Heavy and Light trials, Fatmax, MFO, and fat oxidation rates were significantly greater during Incr2 than Incr1 (p < 0.001). However, Δ (i.e., Incr2–Incr1) Fatmax, MFO, and fat oxidation rates were greater in the Heavy compared with the Light trial (p < 0.05). The fat oxidation kinetics during Incr2Heavy showed a greater dilatation and rightward asymmetry than Incr1Heavy, whereas only a greater dilatation was observed in Incr2Light (p < 0.05). This study showed that although to a lesser extent in the Light trial, both prior exercise sessions led to an increase in Fatmax, MFO, and absolute fat oxidation rates during Incr2, inducing significant changes in the shape of the fat oxidation kinetics.

Download Full-text

Maximal Fat Oxidation Rates in an Athletic Population

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/mss.0000000000001084 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

REBECCA K. RANDELL ◽

IAN ROLLO ◽

TIMOTHY J. ROBERTS ◽

KORTNEY J. DALRYMPLE ◽

ASKER E. JEUKENDRUP ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fat Oxidation ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Athletic Population ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation

Download Full-text

Placebo Effect of Caffeine on Substrate Oxidation during Exercise

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13030782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 782

Author(s):

Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽

Carlos Ruiz-Moreno ◽

Millán Aguilar-Navarro ◽

Alejandro Muñoz ◽

David Varillas-Delgado ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Placebo Effect ◽

Oxidation Rate ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Substrate Oxidation ◽

Caffeine Intake ◽

Similar Degree ◽

Double Blind ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation ◽

Trial Participants

By using deceptive experiments in which participants are informed that they received caffeine when, in fact, they received an inert substance (i.e., placebo), several investigations have demonstrated that exercise performance can be enhanced to a similar degree as a known caffeine dose. This ‘placebo effect’ phenomenon may be part of the mechanisms explaining caffeine’s ergogenicity in exercise. However, there is no study that has established whether the placebo effect of caffeine is also present for other benefits obtained with acute caffeine intake, such as enhanced fat oxidation during exercise. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to investigate the placebo effect of caffeine on fat oxidation during exercise. Twelve young men participated in a deceptive double-blind cross-over experiment. Each participant completed three identical trials consisting of a step incremental exercise test from 30 to 80% of V.O2max. In the two first trials, participants ingested either 3 mg/kg of cellulose (placebo) or 3 mg/kg of caffeine (received caffeine) in a randomized order. In the third trial, participants were informed that they had received 3 mg/kg of caffeine, but a placebo was provided (informed caffeine). Fat oxidation rates were derived from stoichiometric equations. In received caffeine, participants increased their rate of fat oxidation over the values obtained with the placebo at 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% of V.O2max (all p < 0.050). In informed caffeine, participants increased their rate of fat oxidation at 30%, 40%, 50% 60%, and 70% of V.O2max (all p < 0.050) over the placebo, while there were no differences between received versus informed caffeine. In comparison to placebo (0.32 ± 0.15 g/min), the rate of maximal fat oxidation was higher in received caffeine (0.44 ± 0.22 g/min, p = 0.045) and in informed caffeine (0.41 ± 0.20 g/min, p = 0.026) with no differences between received versus informed caffeine. However, the intensity at which maximal fat oxidation rate was obtained (i.e., Fatmax) was similar in placebo, received caffeine, and informed caffeine trials (42.5 ± 4.5, 44.2 ± 9.0, and 41.7 ± 10.5% of V.O2max, respectively, p = 0.539). In conclusion, the expectancy of having received caffeine produced similar effects on fat oxidation rate during exercise than actually receiving caffeine. Therefore, the placebo effect of caffeine is also present for the benefits of acute caffeine intake on substrate oxidation during exercise and it may be used to enhance fat oxidation during exercise in participants while reducing any risks to health that this substance may have.

Download Full-text

MAXIMAL FAT OXIDATION DURING AEROBIC EXERCISE IN ADOLESCENTS WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES

Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte ◽

10.1590/1517-869220192504189259 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 299-304

Author(s):

Íncare Correa de Jesus ◽

Luis Paulo Gomes Mascarenhas ◽

Valderi Abreu de Lima ◽

Juliana Pereira Decimo ◽

Suzana Nesi-França ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 1 Diabetes ◽

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Risk Level ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Z Scores ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare maximal fat oxidation rates (FATMAX) and analyze their association with cardiorespiratory fitness in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: Twenty-two male and female adolescents aged between 11 to 17 years, following clinical and anthropometric evaluations, were assigned to the diabetic group (DG; n = 10) or control group (CG; n = 12). Cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) during a maximal aerobic test on a cycle ergometer using the Balke protocol. Maximal fat oxidation (FATMAX) was determined by the respiratory exchange ratio proposed in the Lusk table. Results: Adolescents in the DG had lower mean FATMAX (p<0.01) and %VO2FATMAX (p=0.001) values when compared with those in the CG. FATMAX values were inversely correlated with serum glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (r= −0.77) and directly correlated with BMI z-scores (r=0.76), while %VO2FATMAX results were correlated with age (r=0.81), BMI z-scores (r=0.65), and VO2max values (r=0.81). On multiple linear regression, HbA1c values explained 54% (adjusted r²=0.54, p=0.009) and BMI z-scores explained 3.1% (adjusted r²=-0.031, p=0.009) of the variation in FATMAX in the DG. Adolescents with T1DM had similar cardiorespiratory fitness and lower FATMAX rates (35±11 VO2max) when compared with controls (60±12 VO2max). Conclusion: These results suggest lower fat oxidation rates and greater use of glucose as an energy substrate during exercise and worse control in T1DM. Therefore, results may contribute to appropriate exercise prescription in T1DM, after verifying exercise intensity to reduce hypoglycemia risk. Level of evidence III; Case-control study.

Download Full-text

Fat oxidation over a range of exercise intensities: fitness versus fatness

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2014-0144 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 1352-1359 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ilaria Croci ◽

Ingrid J. Hickman ◽

Rachel E. Wood ◽

Fabio Borrani ◽

Graeme A. Macdonald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Fat ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Fat Oxidation ◽

Cycle Ergometer ◽

Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽

Oxidation Rates ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Wide Range ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Maximal Fat Oxidation

Maximal fat oxidation (MFO), as well as the exercise intensity at which it occurs (Fatmax), have been reported as lower in sedentary overweight individuals but have not been studied in trained overweight individuals. The aim of this study was to compare Fatmax and MFO in lean and overweight recreationally trained males matched for cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and to study the relationships between these variables, anthropometric characteristics, and CRF. Twelve recreationally trained overweight (high fatness (HiFat) group, 30.0% ± 5.3% body fat) and 12 lean males (low fatness (LoFat), 17.2% ± 5.7% body fat) matched for CRF (maximal oxygen consumption (V̇O2max) 39.0 ± 5.5 vs. 41.4 ± 7.6 mL·kg–1·min–1, p = 0.31) and age (p = 0.93) performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer. V̇O2max and fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates were determined using indirect calorimetry; Fatmax and MFO were determined with a mathematical model (SIN); and % body fat was assessed by air displacement plethysmography. MFO (0.38 ± 0.19 vs. 0.42 ± 0.16 g·min–1, p = 0.58), Fatmax (46.7% ± 8.6% vs. 45.4% ± 7.2% V̇O2max, p = 0.71), and fat oxidation rates over a wide range of exercise intensities were not significantly different (p > 0.05) between HiFat and LoFat groups. In the overall cohort (n = 24), MFO and Fatmax were correlated with V̇O2max (r = 0.46, p = 0.02; r = 0.61, p = 0.002) but not with % body fat or body mass index (p > 0.05). Fat oxidation during exercise was similar in recreationally trained overweight and lean males matched for CRF. Consistently, substrate oxidation rates during exercise were not related to adiposity (% body fat) but were related to CRF. The benefits of high CRF independent of body weight and % body fat should be further highlighted in the management of obesity.

Download Full-text