scholarly journals Dynamic Receptive Fields of Reconstructed Pyramidal Cells in Layers 3 and 2 of Rat Somatosensory Barrel Cortex

2003 ◽  
Vol 553 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brecht ◽  
Arnd Roth ◽  
Bert Sakmann
Keyword(s):  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Dynamic Receptive Fields

scholarly journals Direct and Collateral Alterations of Functional Cortical Circuits in a Rat Model of Subcortical Band Heterotopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 4253-4262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Plantier ◽  
Françoise Watrin ◽  
Emmanuelle Buhler ◽  
Fanny Sandrine Martineau ◽  
Surajit Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Cortical Region ◽  
Cortical Networks ◽  
Causative Gene ◽  
Double Cortex Syndrome ◽  
Subcortical Band Heterotopia ◽  
Migration Disorder ◽  
Band Heterotopia

Abstract Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH), also known as double-cortex syndrome, is a neuronal migration disorder characterized by an accumulation of neurons in a heterotopic band below the normotopic cortex. The majority of patients with SBH have mild to moderate intellectual disability and intractable epilepsy. However, it is still not clear how cortical networks are organized in SBH patients and how this abnormal organization contributes to improper brain function. In this study, cortical networks were investigated in the barrel cortex in an animal model of SBH induced by in utero knockdown of Dcx, main causative gene of this condition in human patients. When the SBH was localized below the Barrel Field (BF), layer (L) four projection to correctly positioned L2/3 pyramidal cells was weakened due to lower connectivity. Conversely, when the SBH was below an adjacent cortical region, the excitatory L4 to L2/3 projection was stronger due to increased L4 neuron excitability, synaptic strength and excitation/inhibition ratio of L4 to L2/3 connection. We propose that these developmental alterations contribute to the spectrum of clinical dysfunctions reported in patients with SBH.

Spatiotemporal receptive fields: a dynamical model derived from cortical architectonics

1986 ◽  
Vol 226 (1245) ◽  
pp. 421-444 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Tuning Curves ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Intrinsic Connectivity ◽  
Output System ◽  
Spatiotemporal Receptive Fields ◽  
External Connections ◽  
Insight Into

We assume that the mammalian neocortex is built up out of some six layers which differ in their morphology and their external connections. Intrinsic connectivity is largely excitatory, leading to a considerable amount of positive feedback. The majority of cortical neurons can be divided into two main classes: the pyramidal cells, which are said to be excitatory, and local cells (most notably the non-spiny stellate cells), which are said to be inhibitory. The form of the dendritic and axonal arborizations of both groups is discussed in detail. This results in a simplified model of the cortex as a stack of six layers with mutual connections determined by the principles of fibre anatomy. This stack can be treated as a multi-input-multi-output system by means of the linear systems theory of homogeneous layers. The detailed equations for the simulation are derived in the Appendix. The results of the simulations show that the temporal and spatial behaviour of an excitation distribution cannot be treated separately. Further, they indicate specific processing in the different layers and some independence from details of wiring. Finally, the simulation results are applied to the theory of visual receptive fields. This yields some insight into the mechanisms possibly underlying hypercomplexity, putative nonlinearities, lateral inhibition, oscillating cell responses, and velocity-dependent tuning curves.

Spatial representations of self and other in the hippocampus

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 359 (6372) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruko Danjo ◽  
Taro Toyoizumi ◽  
Shigeyoshi Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Spatial Location ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Spatial Representations ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Ca1 Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Ca1 Region ◽  
Reward Information

An animal’s awareness of its location in space depends on the activity of place cells in the hippocampus. How the brain encodes the spatial position of others has not yet been identified. We investigated neuronal representations of other animals’ locations in the dorsal CA1 region of the hippocampus with an observational T-maze task in which one rat was required to observe another rat’s trajectory to successfully retrieve a reward. Information reflecting the spatial location of both the self and the other was jointly and discretely encoded by CA1 pyramidal cells in the observer rat. A subset of CA1 pyramidal cells exhibited spatial receptive fields that were identical for the self and the other. These findings demonstrate that hippocampal spatial representations include dimensions for both self and nonself.

Serotonergic Modulation of Spontaneous and Evoked Transmitter Release in Layer II Pyramidal Cells of Rat Somatosensory Cortex

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fransiscus Adrian Agahari ◽  
Christian Stricker
Keyword(s):  
Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Transmitter Release ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Mepsc Frequency ◽  
Spontaneous Noise ◽  
Synaptic Dynamics ◽  
Rat Somatosensory Cortex ◽  
Almost All

Abstract As axons from the raphe nuclei densely innervate the somatosensory cortex, we investigated how serotonin (5-HT) modulates transmitter release in layer II pyramidal cells of rat barrel cortex. In the presence of tetrodotoxin and gabazine, 10 μM 5-HT caused a waxing and waning in the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSC) with no effect on amplitude. Specifically, within 15 min of recording the mEPSC frequency initially increased by 28 ± 7%, then dropped to below control (−15 ± 3%), before resurging back to 27 ± 7% larger than control. These changes were seen in 47% of pyramidal cells (responders) and were mediated by 5-HT2C receptors (5-HT2CR). Waxing resulted from phospholipase C activation, IP3 production, and Ca2+ release from presynaptic stores. Waning was prevented if PKC was blocked. In contrast, in paired recordings, the unitary EPSC amplitude was reduced by 50 ± 3% after 5-HT exposure in almost all cases with no significant effect on paired-pulse ratio and synaptic dynamics. This sustained EPSC reduction was also caused by 5-HT2R, but was mediated by presynaptic Gβγ subunits likely limiting influx through CaV2 channels. EPSC reduction, together with enhanced spontaneous noise in a restricted subset of inputs, could temporarily diminish the signal-to-noise ratio and affect the computation in the neocortical microcircuit.

scholarly journals A gradual depth-dependent change in connectivity features of supragranular pyramidal cells in rat barrel cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 1317-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen F. Staiger ◽  
Ingo Bojak ◽  
Stéphanie Miceli ◽  
Dirk Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Dependent Change

Development of Intrinsic Properties and Excitability of Layer 2/3 Pyramidal Neurons During a Critical Period for Sensory Maps in Rat Barrel Cortex

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Maravall ◽  
Edward A. Stern ◽  
Karel Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Sensory Maps ◽  
Layer 2 ◽  
Whole Cell Recordings ◽  
Passive Membrane Properties

The development of layer 2/3 sensory maps in rat barrel cortex (BC) is experience dependent with a critical period around postnatal days (PND) 10–14. The role of intrinsic response properties of neurons in this plasticity has not been investigated. Here we characterize the development of BC layer 2/3 intrinsic responses to identify possible sites of plasticity. Whole cell recordings were performed on pyramidal cells in acute BC slices from control and deprived rats, over ages spanning the critical period (PND 12, 14, and 17). Vibrissa trimming began at PND 9. Spiking behavior changed from phasic (more spike frequency adaptation) to regular (less adaptation) with age, such that the number of action potentials per stimulus increased. Changes in spiking properties were related to the strength of a slow Ca2+-dependent afterhyperpolarization. Maturation of the spiking properties of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons coincided with the close of the critical period and was delayed by deprivation. Other measures of excitability, including I-f curves and passive membrane properties, were affected by development but unaffected by whisker deprivation.

Spatial structure of multiwhisker receptive fields in the barrel cortex is stimulus dependent

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 986-998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Le Cam ◽  
Luc Estebanez ◽  
Vincent Jacob ◽  
Daniel E. Shulz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Spatial Separation ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Trigeminal System ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Receptive Field Organization

The tactile sensations mediated by the whisker-trigeminal system allow rodents to efficiently detect and discriminate objects. These capabilities rely strongly on the temporal and spatial structure of whisker deflections. Subthreshold but also spiking receptive fields in the barrel cortex encompass a large number of vibrissae, and it seems likely that the functional properties of these multiwhisker receptive fields reflect the multiple-whisker interactions encountered by the animal during exploration of its environment. The aim of this study was to examine the dependence of the spatial structure of cortical receptive fields on stimulus parameters. Using a newly developed 24-whisker stimulation matrix, we applied a forward correlation analysis of spiking activity to randomized whisker deflections (sparse noise) to characterize the receptive fields that result from caudal and rostral directions of whisker deflection. We observed that the functionally determined principal whisker, the whisker eliciting the strongest response with the shortest latency, differed according to the direction of whisker deflection. Thus, for a given neuron, maximal responses to opposite directions of whisker deflections could be spatially separated. This spatial separation resulted in a displacement of the center of mass between the rostral and caudal subfields and was accompanied by differences between response latencies in rostral and caudal directions of whisker deflection. Such direction-dependent receptive field organization was observed in every cortical layer. We conclude that the spatial structure of receptive fields in the barrel cortex is not an intrinsic property of the neuron but depends on the properties of sensory input.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal receptive fields of barrel cortex revealed by reverse correlation of synaptic input

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 866-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ramirez ◽  
Eftychios A Pnevmatikakis ◽  
Josh Merel ◽  
Liam Paninski ◽  
Kenneth D Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Input ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Reverse Correlation ◽  
Spatiotemporal Receptive Fields

scholarly journals Morphological Characteristics of Electrophysiologically Characterized Layer Vb Pyramidal Cells in Rat Barrel Cortex

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0164004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jochen F. Staiger ◽  
Alexandre J. C. Loucif ◽  
Dirk Schubert ◽  
Martin Möck
Keyword(s):  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Pyramidal Cells
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