scholarly journals The prospective opportunities offered by magnetic scaffolds for bone tissue engineering: a review

Joints ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 228-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Ortolani ◽  
Michele Bianchi ◽  
Massimiliano Mosca ◽  
Silvio Caravelli ◽  
Mario Fuiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Static Magnetic Fields ◽  
Bone Tissue Formation

Magnetic scaffolds are becoming increasingly attractive in tissue engineering, due to their ability to enhance bone tissue formation by attracting soluble factors, such as growth factors, hormones and polypeptides, directly to the implantation site, as well as their potential to improve the fixation and stability of the implant. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the synergistic effects of magnetic scaffolds and magnetic fields can promote bone repair and regeneration. In this manuscript we review the recent innovations in bone tissue engineering that exploit magnetic biomaterials combined with static magnetic fields to enhance bone cell adhesion and proliferation, and thus bone tissue growth.

Investigation of synergistic effects of inductive and conductive factors in gelatin-based cryogels for bone tissue engineering

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1827-1841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han-Tsung Liao ◽  
K. T. Shalumon ◽  
Kun-Hung Chang ◽  
Chialin Sheu ◽  
Jyh-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Synergistic Effects

Gelatin cryogels modified with nHAP and BMP-2 could provide cues to promote the osteogenesis of ADSCs in vitro and in vivo.

Chitosan/β-TCP composites scaffolds coated with silk fibroin: a bone tissue engineering approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 015003
Author(s):  
Lya Piaia ◽  
Simone S Silva ◽  
Joana M Gomes ◽  
Albina R Franco ◽  
Emanuel M Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Polymeric Scaffolds ◽  
Bioactive Agents

Abstract Bone regeneration and natural repair are long-standing processes that can lead to uneven new tissue growth. By introducing scaffolds that can be autografts and/or allografts, tissue engineering provides new approaches to manage the major burdens involved in this process. Polymeric scaffolds allow the incorporation of bioactive agents that improve their biological and mechanical performance, making them suitable materials for bone regeneration solutions. The present work aimed to create chitosan/beta-tricalcium phosphate-based scaffolds coated with silk fibroin and evaluate their potential for bone tissue engineering. Results showed that the obtained scaffolds have porosities up to 86%, interconnectivity up to 96%, pore sizes in the range of 60–170 μm, and a stiffness ranging from 1 to 2 MPa. Furthermore, when cultured with MC3T3 cells, the scaffolds were able to form apatite crystals after 21 d; and they were able to support cell growth and proliferation up to 14 d of culture. Besides, cellular proliferation was higher on the scaffolds coated with silk. These outcomes further demonstrate that the developed structures are suitable candidates to enhance bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Protocol of Co-Culture of Human Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts to Test Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering

2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Giorgia Borciani ◽  
Giorgia Montalbano ◽  
Nicola Baldini ◽  
Chiara Vitale-Brovarone ◽  
Gabriela Ciapetti
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Cell ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Bone Microenvironment

New biomaterials and scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) applications require to be tested in a bone microenvironment reliable model. On this assumption, the in vitro laboratory protocols with bone cells represent worthy experimental systems improving our knowledge about bone homeostasis, reducing the costs of experimentation. To this day, several models of the bone microenvironment are reported in the literature, but few delineate a protocol for testing new biomaterials using bone cells. Herein we propose a clear protocol to set up an indirect co-culture system of human-derived osteoblasts and osteoclast precursors, providing well-defined criteria such as the cell seeding density, cell:cell ratio, the culture medium, and the proofs of differentiation. The material to be tested may be easily introduced in the system and the cell response analyzed. The physical separation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts allows distinguishing the effects of the material onto the two cell types and to evaluate the correlation between material and cell behavior, cell morphology, and adhesion. The whole protocol requires about 4 to 6 weeks with an intermediate level of expertise. The system is an in vitro model of the bone remodeling system useful in testing innovative materials for bone regeneration, and potentially exploitable in different application fields. The use of human primary cells represents a close replica of the bone cell cooperation in vivo and may be employed as a feasible system to test materials and scaffolds for bone substitution and regeneration.

Nanomaterial-based scaffolds for bone tissue engineering and regeneration

Nanomedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (20) ◽  
pp. 1995-2017
Author(s):  
Guo Ye ◽  
Fangyuan Bao ◽  
Xianzhu Zhang ◽  
Zhe Song ◽  
Youguo Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Tissue Formation ◽  
Topological Features ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds ◽  
Bone Tissue Formation

The global incidence of bone tissue injuries has been increasing rapidly in recent years, making it imperative to develop suitable bone grafts for facilitating bone tissue regeneration. It has been demonstrated that nanomaterials/nanocomposites scaffolds can more effectively promote new bone tissue formation compared with micromaterials. This may be attributed to their nanoscaled structural and topological features that better mimic the physiological characteristics of natural bone tissue. In this review, we examined the current applications of various nanomaterial/nanocomposite scaffolds and different topological structures for bone tissue engineering, as well as the underlying mechanisms of regeneration. The potential risks and toxicity of nanomaterials will also be critically discussed. Finally, some considerations for the clinical applications of nanomaterials/nanocomposites scaffolds for bone tissue engineering are mentioned.

Mussel-inspired polydopamine-mediated surface modification of freeze-cast poly (ε-caprolactone) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Ghorbani ◽  
Ali Zamanian ◽  
Melika Sahranavard
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Lamellar Microstructure ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Freeze Casting ◽  
X Ray

AbstractThere are many methods used to fabricate the scaffolds for tissue regeneration, among which freeze casting has attracted a great deal of attention due to the capability to create a unidirectional structure. In this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were fabricated by freeze-casting technology in order to create porous microstructure with oriented open-pore channels. To induce biomineralization, and to improve hydrophilicity and cell interactions, mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) was coated on the surface of the freeze-cast PCL constructs. Then, the synergistic effects of oriented microstructure and deposited layer on efficient reconstruction of injured bone were studied. Microscopic observations demonstrated that, the coated layer did not show any special change in lamellar microstructure of the scaffolds. Water-scaffold interactions were evaluated by contact angle measurements, and they demonstrated strong enhancement in the hydrophilicity of the polymeric scaffolds after PDA coating. Biodegradation ratio and water uptake evaluation confirmed an increase in the measured values after PDA precipitation. The biomineralization of the PDA-coated scaffolds was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Obtained results confirmed biomineralization of the constructs after a 28-day immersion in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. Mechanical analysis demonstrated higher compressive strength after PDA coating. L929 fibroblast cell viability and attachment illustrated that PDA-coated PCL scaffolds are able to support cell adhesion and proliferation. The increased secretion of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) after culturing osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63) revealed the initial capability of scaffolds to induce bone regeneration. Therefore, the PDA-coated scaffolds introduce a promising approach for bone tissue engineering application.

Laser Surface Engineering of Hierarchy Hydroxyapatite Aerogel for Bone Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedram Parandoush ◽  
Hanxiong Fan ◽  
Xiaolei Song ◽  
Dong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Laser Processing ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Human Bone ◽  
Dense Layer ◽  
Freeze Casting ◽  
Porous Microstructure

Bioceramics with porous microstructure has attracted intense attention in tissue engineering due to tissue growth facilitation in the human body. In the present work, a novel manufacturing process for producing hydroxyapatite (HA) aerogels with a high density shell inspired by human bone microstructure is proposed for bone tissue engineering applications. This method combines laser processing and traditional freeze casting in which HA aerogel is prepared by freeze casting and aqueous suspension prior to laser processing of the aerogel surface with a focused CO2 laser beam that forms a dense layer on top of the porous microstructure. Using the proposed method, HA aerogel with dense shell was successfully prepared with a microstructure similar to human bone. The effect of laser process parameters on surface and cross-sectional morphology and microstructure was investigated in order to obtain optimum parameters and have a better understanding of the process. Low laser energy resulted in fragile surface with defects and cracks due to low temperature and inability of laser to fully melt the surface while high laser energy caused thermal damage both to surface and microstructure. The range of 40–45 W laser power, 5 mm/s scanning speed, spot size of 1 mmm and 50 % overlap in laser scanning the surface yielded the best surface morphology and micro structure in our experiments.

scholarly journals A review of chitosan-, alginate-, and gelatin-based biocomposites for bone tissue engineering

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 97-109 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Antimicrobial Substances ◽  
Potential Applications

Bone diseases and injuries have a major impact on the quality of life. Classical treatments for bone repair/regeneration/replacement have various disadvantages. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) received a great attention in the last years. Natural polymers are intensively studied in this field due to their properties (biocompatibility, biodegradability, abundance in nature, high processability). Unfortunately, their mechanical properties are poor, which is why synthetic polymers or ceramics are added in order to provide the optimal compressive, elastic or fatigue strength. Moreover, growth factors, vitamins, or antimicrobial substances are also added to enhance the cell behavior (attachment, proliferation, and differentiation). In this review, new scientific results regarding potential applications of chitosan-, alginate-, and gelatin based biocomposites in BTE will be provided, along with their in vitro and/or in vivo tests.

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibers Containing Strontium for Bone Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Yanjing Ji ◽  
Weiping Zheng ◽  
Mingzhe Yan ◽  
Danyang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Composite Nanofibers ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Polymer Metal

Electrospun polymer/metal composite nanofibers have received much attention in the field of bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (BTERM) owing to their extracellular matrix- (ECM-) like structure, sufficient mechanical strength, favorable biological properties, and bone induction. In particular, electrospun nanofibers containing strontium (Sr) can significantly promote bone repair and regeneration by mediating osteolysis and osteogenesis, which offers a promising bioactive material for BTERM. In this review, we summarized the effects of electrospun nanofibers containing Sr on stem cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts in BTERM. Also, current challenges and future perspectives for electrospun nanofibers containing Sr in BTERM are briefly outlined. It is hoped that the systematic overview will inspire the readers to further study Sr-containing nanofibers for BTERM and accelerate their translation from the bench to the clinic.

scholarly journals Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Applications in Bone Regeneration

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya J. Levingstone ◽  
Simona Herbaj ◽  
Nicholas J. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Factors ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles

Bone injuries and diseases constitute a burden both socially and economically, as the consequences of a lack of effective treatments affect both the patients’ quality of life and the costs on the health systems. This impended need has led the research community’s efforts to establish efficacious bone tissue engineering solutions. There has been a recent focus on the use of biomaterial-based nanoparticles for the delivery of therapeutic factors. Among the biomaterials being considered to date, calcium phosphates have emerged as one of the most promising materials for bone repair applications due to their osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity and their ability to be resorbed in the body. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles have received particular attention as non-viral vectors for gene therapy, as factors such as plasmid DNAs, microRNAs (miRNA) and silencing RNA (siRNAs) can be easily incorporated on their surface. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles loaded with therapeutic factors have also been delivered to the site of bone injury using scaffolds and hydrogels. This review provides an extensive overview of the current state-of-the-art relating to the design and synthesis of calcium phosphate nanoparticles as carriers for therapeutic factors, the mechanisms of therapeutic factors’ loading and release, and their application in bone tissue engineering.

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