The effects of commercial liqueur on bovine enamel surface with incipient dental caries

SUMMARY This study evaluated the microhardness and histomorphology of bovine enamel when 35% hydrogen peroxide is used. A total of 44 specimens were adapted to removable devices used by 11 individuals subjected to dental caries challenge. A decrease in microhardness was observed for all groups after the cariogenic challenge. Microscopic analysis revealed that fragments subjected to cariogenic challenge associated with bleaching had more intense superficial histologic changes, but the depth of the lesions remained unchanged. It was concluded that 35% hydrogen peroxide enhanced the reduction in hardness and histomorphologic changes in the enamel surface exposed to cariogenic challenge.

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Impact of Bioactive Glass-Based Toothpaste on Color Properties and Surface Microhardness of Bleached Enamel

European Journal of General Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1732773 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Raíssa Manoel Garcia ◽

Waldemir Francisco Vieira-Junior ◽

Jéssica Dias Theobaldo ◽

Flávio Henrique Baggio Aguiar ◽

Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima

Keyword(s):

Bioactive Glass ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Tooth Bleaching ◽

Surface Microhardness ◽

Color Changes ◽

Knoop Microhardness ◽

Bovine Enamel

Abstract Objectives The role of toothpaste used during aesthetic treatments is rarely investigated. The objective was to evaluate the effects of a bioactive glass-based toothpaste (BGT) used before or after the dental bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Materials and Methods Bovine enamel blocks (4 × 4 mm; n = 12) were submitted to tooth bleaching and different treatments/storage, before or after HP, based on: (1) no toothpaste and immersion in artificial saliva (AS) after HP for 24 hours, 7 days, or 14 days (control); (2) daily BGT use and AS storage for 7 or 14 days (after HP); and (3) daily BGT use and AS storage for 7 or 14 days (prior to HP). Surface and in-depth color were determined using the CIE L*a*b* system (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, and ΔE) on enamel surface and underlying dentin. The surface microhardness (SMH) was evaluated using a Knoop microhardness tester. Statistical Analysis Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) (color variables), repeated measures ANOVA (SMH), and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results The color changes on the enamel or underlying dentin were not statistically different among the groups (p > 0.05). Twenty-four hours after HP presented a decrease in SMH differing from baseline (p < 0.01). This decrease did not occur in the groups previously exposed to BGT (p > 0.05). BGT use after HP for 7 days differed from group with exclusive AS storage (p < 0.05). Conclusion In-office tooth bleaching can decrease the microhardness of enamel surface; however, the use of BGT promotes the protection or enables the mineral recovery of tooth without the influence the bleaching efficacy.

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The Relationships of Surface Active Agents, the Enamel Surface and Dental Caries

Advances in Oral Biology ◽

10.1016/b978-1-4832-3117-4.50016-4 ◽

1964 ◽

pp. 297-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J.P. WALSH

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Surface Active Agents ◽

Surface Active

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Diagnosis and prevention of dental caries

Paediatric Dentistry ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198789277.003.0015 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

C. Deery ◽

K.J. Toumba

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Tooth Surface ◽

Surface Phenomenon ◽

Carious Lesion ◽

Tooth Surfaces ◽

Carious Process ◽

Intact Surface ◽

Micro Organisms

Almost all research on the process of dental caries supports the chemoparasitic theory proposed by W.D. Miller in 1890. This is now more commonly known as the acidogenic theory of caries aetiology. The main features of the caries process are as follows. 1. Fermentation of carbohydrate to organic acids by micro-organisms in plaque on the tooth surface. 2. Acid production, which lowers the pH at the enamel surface below the level (the critical pH) at which enamel will dissolve. 3. When carbohydrate is no longer available to the plaque microorganisms, the pH within plaque will rise because of the outward diffusion of acids and their metabolism and neutralization in plaque, so that remineralization of enamel can occur; 4. Dental caries progresses only when the balance between demineralization and remineralization favours the former. The realization that demineralization and remineralization are in equilibrium is key to understanding the dynamics of the carious lesion and its prevention. One of the interesting features of an initial carious lesion of the enamel is that the lesion is subsurface, i.e. most of the mineral loss occurs beneath a relatively intact enamel surface. This contrasts strongly with the histological appearance of enamel after a clean tooth surface has been exposed to acid, where the surface is etched and there is no subsurface lesion. This dissolution of the surface of enamel, or etching, is a feature of enamel erosion caused, among other things, by dietary acids. Therefore the carious process and erosion differ completely, as erosion is a surface phenomenon. The explanation for the intact surface layer in enamel caries seems to lie in diffusion dynamics: the layer of dental plaque on the tooth surface acts as a partial barrier to diffusion. Further erosion occurs at much lower pH values (pH <4) than caries. Dental plaque forms on uncleaned tooth surfaces and is readily apparent if toothbrushing is stopped for 2–3 days. Contrary to popular opinion, plaque does not consist of food debris, but is a biofilm; 70% is comprised of micro-organisms—about 100 million organisms per milligram of plaque. When plaque is young cocci predominate, but as plaque ages the proportions of filamentous organisms and veillonellae increase.

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Changes on the Enamel Surface, A Possible Defense Against Dental Caries

The Journal of the American Dental Association (1922) ◽

10.14219/jada.archive.1933.0137 ◽

1933 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 828-839

Author(s):

Basil Glover Bibby ◽

Grant van Huysen

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Enamel Surface

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Influence of Er: Yag Laser on Shear Bond Strength of Self-etching Adhesives to Bovine Enamel: In vitro Study

World Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1046 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 11-15

Author(s):

Daphne Câmara Barcellos ◽

Alessandra Buhler Borges ◽

Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres ◽

Sergio Eduardo de Paiva Gonçalves ◽

Marcella Batista Pavanello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Er:Yag Laser ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Additional Treatment ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

P Value ◽

Adhesive Tape ◽

Mean Values ◽

Bovine Enamel

ABSTRACT Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the enamel treatment with Er:YAG laser on the bond strength of self-etching adhesives. Materials and methods One-hundred bovine incisors were ground to obtain flat enamel surfaces. The bond area was delimited with 3 mm diameter adhesive tape. Specimens were divided in two groups: Group L: Enamel surface received Er:YAG laser application (Kavo KEY 3) at 300 mJ/6 Hz in sweeping mode for 30 seconds; Group N: Enamel surface received no additional treatment. Each group was divided into five subgroups according to self-etching adhesive: S&E (Self & Etch), FB (Futurabond NR), XE (Xeno III), OU (One-Up bond F), CL (Clearfil SE Bond). Cylinders of Z250 composite were fabricated on the bonding area using a teflon matrix. The teeth were stored in water at 37°C/ 24 hours and submitted to shear testing at a speed of 1 mm/min. Results The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test, obtaining p-value = 0.001. The mean values (±SD) in MPa for each group/subgroup were: N/FB—19.65(±3.87)a; N/CL—19.55(±3.78)a; N/OU—15.57(±2.85)ab; N/XE—15.32(±4.00)b; L/CL— 13.91(±2.54)b; L/OU—13.16(±2.17)bc; L/XE—9.74(±1.65)cd; N/S&E—8.83(±2.63)d; L/FB—8.30(±2.27)d; L/S&E—6.56(±1.55)d. Conclusion It was concluded that the enamel surface treatment with Er:YAG laser reduced the bond strength significantly for most of the self-etching adhesives tested.

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REVIEW ON ROLE OF METAL SALT IN THE RE-MINERALIZATION OF DENTAL CARIES

International Journal of Advanced Research ◽

10.21474/ijar01/12095 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 991-1003

Author(s):

Isha Bisla ◽

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Metal Salt ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Metal Salts ◽

Effective Measure ◽

Phosphate Ions ◽

Initial Caries ◽

Stannous Fluoride ◽

Demineralized Enamel

Dental caries is a most common disease that affects large number of people. It is a worldwide public health problem, affecting numerous urban and rural communities. White-spot lesions (WSL) are the earliest macroscopic evidence of enamel caries. Typically, the enamel surface layer stays intact during subsurface demineralization, but, without treatment, will eventually collapse into a full cavity. Near-neutral pH of saliva is endowed with a natural buffering capacity. Natural demineralization of tooth at an early stage is reversed by saliva, which contains calcium ions, phosphate ions, buffering agents, fluoride, and other substances. The strategy for aided remineralisation is to have ions directly delivered to where and when they are needed the most. Several mechanisms are available for aided remineralisation. The most well known is the delivery of topical and systemic fluoride, which has been proven to be a highly effective measure for prevention of caries. However limitations and risks associated with the use of fluoride as a remineralising agent fuelled the need to develop newer non-toxic techniques that deliver calcium and phosphate ions directly into subsurface lesion and/or boost remineralising properties of saliva. Encouraging microscopic changes in the demineralized enamel surface following the treatment with different concentration of metal salts, involving zinc, strontium, magnesium, in addition to stannous fluoride, many metal salts are in use for the treatment of dental caries. Microscopic examination was conducted on teeth samples before and after pH-cycling procedure and following the treatment with the selected metal salt under polarized microscope (100X). The best obvious remineralisation was found following treatment with stannous fluoride, followed by zinc chloride. The stannous fluoride was the best in the remineralisation of initial caries, results for other metals seem to be promising if used for prevention of dental caries. Mineralization of teeth is determined by major inorganic elements as calcium, phosphorous in addition to other elements that occur in traces within tooth structure (Thylstrup and Fejerskov, 1996 Murry, 1996 Peter, 2004). Fluoride now a day is widely used either systemically or topically to increase resistance of teeth surface, it has been well documented as a major contributing factor in the decline of the incidence and severity of dental caries in many countries (Murry, 1996 Curzon,1999).So far fluoride has been considered to play an almost unique role in the prevention of dental caries however there is no reason to dismiss the role of other elements as being potential cariostatic agents. Different concentrations of different metal ions as zinc and copper have been tested for better effect on remineralisation in vitro (Dedhiya, et al., 1974 Fang et al., 1980). However controversy is present in the literature concerning their effectiveness in prevention of dental caries when used topically at effective concentrations (Torredo et al., 2004 Elzbieta et al., 2008 Curzon, 1983).

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A statherin-derived peptide promotes hydroxyapatite crystallization and in situ remineralization of artificial enamel caries

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra12032j ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 1647-1655 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kun Wang ◽

Xiuqing Wang ◽

Haoran Li ◽

Sainan Zheng ◽

Qian Ren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Tooth Enamel ◽

Enamel Surface ◽

Enamel Caries

A novel biomimetic peptide inspired by salivary statherin was developed and exhibited beneficial potentials in promoting remineralization of hydroxyapatite on tooth enamel surface, providing a desirable alternative restorative strategy against dental caries.

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